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{| class="wikitable pg_template_nav"
|[[Language/Slovenian/Grammar/Present-Tense|◀️ Present Tense — Previous Lesson]]
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{{Slovenian-Page-Top}}
{{Slovenian-Page-Top}}
<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Slovenian|Slovenian]]  → [[Language/Slovenian/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Slovenian/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Past Tense</div>


<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Slovenian|Slovenian]]  → [[Language/Slovenian/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Slovenian/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Verbs and Tenses → Past Tense</div>
Welcome to this exciting lesson on forming the '''Past Tense''' in Slovenian! Understanding how to express actions that have already happened is essential for effective communication. Whether you're reminiscing about a wonderful vacation or recounting your previous day’s adventures, mastering the past tense will enhance your Slovenian language skills significantly.
 
In this lesson, we will explore the following key points:
 
* The structure of the past tense in Slovenian, emphasizing the auxiliary verb '''biti''' (to be).
 
* How to form past active participles.
 
* A variety of examples to illustrate these concepts.
 
* Practical exercises to help you solidify your understanding.
 
Let's dive into the world of Slovenian grammar and unlock the secrets of the past tense!


__TOC__
__TOC__


In this lesson, you will learn how to form the past tense in Slovenian using the auxiliary verb 'biti' and past active participles. This is an important concept to master as the past tense is used frequently in everyday communication. By the end of this lesson, you should be able to understand and use the past tense confidently in your conversations and writing.
=== The Structure of the Past Tense ===
 
In Slovenian, the past tense is formed using the auxiliary verb '''biti''' in the past tense along with the past active participle of the main verb. This structure is quite similar to the way many English speakers form the present perfect tense.
 
* '''Auxiliary Verb''': '''biti''' (to be)


== Formation of the Past Tense ==
* '''Past Active Participle''': This is the form of the main verb that indicates completed action.


In Slovenian, the past tense is formed by using the auxiliary verb 'biti' in the present tense followed by the past active participle of the main verb. The past active participle is the form of the verb that ends in '-l', '-la', '-lo', '-li', '-le', or '-la', depending on the gender and number of the subject. The past active participle is formed by taking the stem of the verb and adding the appropriate ending.
'''Example Structure''':


=== Example: Conjugation of 'Biti' in Present Tense ===
* '''English''': I was (biti) happy (past participle of the verb "to be").


Before we can form the past tense, it's important to review the present tense conjugation of the auxiliary verb 'biti'. Below is the conjugation of 'biti' in the present tense for reference:
* '''Slovenian''': Bil sem srečen (masculine) / Bila sem srečna (feminine).
 
Here’s how the formation works in a bit more detail:
 
1. '''Conjugate the verb biti''' in the past tense according to the subject (I, you, he/she/it, we, you (plural), they).
 
2. '''Use the appropriate past active participle''' for the main verb, which agrees in gender and number with the subject.
 
=== Conjugation of Biti in the Past Tense ===
 
Here’s a quick overview of how to conjugate '''biti''' in the past tense:


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Person/Number !! Slovenian !! Pronunciation !! English
 
! Person !! Slovenian !! Pronunciation !! English
 
|-
|-
| 1st person singular || sem || /semm/ || I am
 
| 1st Person Singular (I) || Bil sem (masculine) / Bila sem (feminine) || bil sem / bila sem || I was
 
|-
|-
| 2nd person singular || si || /see/ || you are (informal)
 
| 2nd Person Singular (You) || Bil si (masculine) / Bila si (feminine) || bil si / bila si || You were
 
|-
|-
| 3rd person singular || je || /yeh/ || he/she/it is
 
| 3rd Person Singular (He/She/It) || Bil je (masculine) / Bila je (feminine) || bil je / bila je || He/She/It was
 
|-
|-
| 1st person plural || smo || /smoh/ || we are
 
| 1st Person Plural (We) || Bili smo (masculine) / Bile smo (feminine) || bili smo / bile smo || We were
 
|-
|-
| 2nd person plural || ste || /steh/ || you are (formal or plural)
 
| 2nd Person Plural (You all) || Bili ste (masculine) / Bile ste (feminine) || bili ste / bile ste || You were
 
|-
|-
| 3rd person plural || so || /soh/ || they are
 
| 3rd Person Plural (They) || Bili so (masculine) / Bile so (feminine) || bili so / bile so || They were
 
|}
|}


=== Example: Formation of Past Tense ===
=== Past Active Participles ===
 
Past active participles in Slovenian are formed by modifying the verb stem, and they also agree in gender and number with the subject. Here are the general rules:
 
1. For regular verbs ending in '''-ati''' (like "delati" - to work), the participle ends in '''-al''' (masculine), '''-ala''' (feminine), '''-alo''' (neuter), and '''-ali''' (plural).


To form the past tense, we use 'biti' in the present tense as an auxiliary verb followed by the past active participle of the main verb. Note that the past active participle changes based on the gender and number of the subject.
2. For regular verbs ending in '''-iti''' (like "videti" - to see), the participle ends in '''-el''' (masculine), '''-ela''' (feminine), '''-elo''' (neuter), and '''-eli''' (plural).


Here is an example with the verb 'vprašati' (to ask):
3. For regular verbs ending in '''-eti''' (like "smejati" - to laugh), the participle ends in '''-el''' (masculine), '''-ela''' (feminine), '''-elo''' (neuter), and '''-eli''' (plural).
 
Let's look at some examples of how to form past active participles:


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Person/Number !! Slovenian !! Pronunciation !! English
 
! Slovenian Verb !! Past Active Participle (Masculine) !! Past Active Participle (Feminine) !! English Translation
 
|-
|-
| 1st person singular || sem vprašal/-a/-o || /semm vpruh-shahl/-ah/-oh/ || I asked
 
| delati (to work) || delal || delala || worked
 
|-
|-
| 2nd person singular || si vprašal/-a/-o || /see vpruh-shahl/-ah/-oh/ || you asked (informal)
 
| videti (to see) || videl || videla || saw
 
|-
|-
| 3rd person singular || je vprašal/-a/-o || /yeh vpruh-shahl/-ah/-oh/ || he/she/it asked
 
| smejati (to laugh) || smejal || smejala || laughed
 
|-
|-
| 1st person plural || smo vprašali/-e/-a || /smoh vpruh-shah-lee/-eh/-ah/ || we asked
 
| igrati (to play) || igral || igrala || played
 
|-
|-
| 2nd person plural || ste vprašali/-e/-a || /steh vpruh-shah-lee/-eh/-ah/ || you asked (formal or plural)
 
| govoriti (to speak) || govoril || govorila || spoke
 
|}
 
=== Forming Sentences in the Past Tense ===
 
Now that we have the structure down, let’s combine the auxiliary verb '''biti''' with the past active participles to form complete sentences. Here are some examples:
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
! Slovenian !! Pronunciation !! English
 
|-
 
| Bil sem učitelj. || bil sem uːˈtʃeɪtl || I was a teacher.
 
|-
 
| Bila sem srečna. || bila sem ˈsreːtʃna || I was happy.
 
|-
 
| Bili smo na morju. || bili smo na ˈmɔrju || We were at the sea.
 
|-
 
| Bila ste prijateljice. || bila ste priˈjateljitse || You (plural) were friends.
 
|-
|-
| 3rd person plural || so vprašali/-e/-a || /soh vpruh-shah-lee/-eh/-ah/ || they asked
 
| Bil je doma. || bil je doˈma || He was at home.
 
|}
|}


Note that the past active participle agrees in gender and number with the subject. For example, for the verb 'pisati' (to write), the past active participle for a singular masculine subject is 'pisal', for a singular feminine subject, it's 'pisala', for a singular neutral subject, it's 'pisalo', and for a plural subject, it's 'pisali'.
As you can see, the past tense allows you to share experiences and tell stories effectively.  
 
=== Examples of Past Tense in Context ===


== Irregular Past Active Participles ==
To help you grasp the past tense better, here are more examples in context:


While most past active participles in Slovenian follow regular patterns of conjugation, there are a number of irregular past active participles that must be memorized.
{| class="wikitable"


Below are some of the most common irregular past active participles:
! Slovenian !! Pronunciation !! English


{| class="wikitable"
! Infinitive !! Past Active Participle !! English Translation
|-
|-
| biti || bil/-a/-o/-i/-e/-a || was/were
 
| Danes sem šel v trgovino. || ˈdanɛs sem ʃɛl v trɡoˈvino || Today I went to the store.
 
|-
|-
| imeti || imel/-a/-o/-i/-e/-a || had
 
| Včeraj sem videla film. || vˈtʃɛːraɪ sem ˈvidɛla ˈfilɛm || Yesterday I saw a movie.
 
|-
|-
| jesti || jedel/-a/-o/-i/-e/-a || ate
 
| Pred dvema tednoma smo potovali. || prɛd ˈdvɛma ˈtɛdnoma smo poˈtavali || Two weeks ago we traveled.
 
|-
|-
| dati || dal/-a/-o/-i/-e/-a || gave
 
| Lani sem obiskal Ljubljano. || ˈlani sem oˈbiskal ljuˈbljano || Last year I visited Ljubljana.
 
|-
|-
| videti || videl/-a/-o/-i/-e/-a || saw
 
| V prejšnjem mesecu so imeli zabavo. || v ˈprɛiʃnjɛm ˈmɛsɛcu so iˈmɛli zaˈbavo || Last month they had a party.
 
|}
 
=== Exercises ===
 
Now it’s time to put your knowledge to the test! Below are some exercises designed to reinforce what you've learned about the past tense in Slovenian.
 
=== Exercise 1: Fill in the Blanks ===
 
Fill in the blanks with the correct form of '''biti''' in the past tense.
 
1. ___ sem srečen. (I was happy)
 
2. ___ je doma. (He was at home)
 
3. ___ ste na počitnicah. (You were on vacation)
 
=== Exercise 2: Create Sentences ===
 
Using the verbs given, create sentences in the past tense.
 
1. delati (to work)
 
2. videti (to see)
 
3. igrati (to play)
 
=== Exercise 3: Translate to Slovenian ===
 
Translate the following sentences into Slovenian.
 
1. They were friends.
 
2. I saw a movie yesterday.
 
3. We traveled to the mountains last year.
 
=== Exercise 4: Identify the Past Active Participle ===
 
Identify the past active participle in the following sentences.
 
1. Bila sem srečna.
 
2. Bili smo na morju.
 
3. Videla sem film.
 
=== Exercise 5: Conjugate Biti ===
 
Conjugate the verb '''biti''' in the past tense for the following subjects.
 
1. I (masculine)
 
2. She
 
3. We (feminine)
 
=== Exercise 6: Match the Phrases ===
 
Match the Slovenian phrases with their English translations.
 
1. Bil sem v šoli. 
 
2. Bila ste srečne. 
 
3. Bili so v restavraciji. 
 
a. They were in the restaurant. 
 
b. You (plural) were happy. 
 
c. I was at school. 
 
=== Exercise 7: Create a Short Story ===
 
Write a short story (3-5 sentences) about what you did yesterday using the past tense.
 
=== Exercise 8: Correct the Mistakes ===
 
Find and correct the mistakes in the following sentences.
 
1. Bil je srečna.
 
2. Bili smo na morje.
 
3. Bila sem igrali.
 
=== Exercise 9: Complete the Table ===
 
Complete the table with the past active participle forms for the given verbs.
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
! Slovenian Verb !! Past Active Participle (Masculine) !! Past Active Participle (Feminine)
 
|-
 
| pisati (to write) || ?? || ??
 
|-
|-
| iti || šel/-a/-o/-i/-e/-a || went
 
| jesti (to eat) || ?? || ??
 
|-
|-
| narediti || naredil/-a/-o/-i/-e/-a || made
 
| piti (to drink) || ?? || ??
 
|}
|}


Note that while some of these past active participles have feminine and neutral forms, they are relatively uncommon in everyday speech and are often replaced by the masculine form.
=== Exercise 10: Rewrite the Sentences ===
 
Rewrite the following sentences in the past tense.
 
1. I am happy.
 
2. We play football.
 
3. She sees a friend.
 
=== Solutions and Explanations ===
 
After you've completed the exercises, here are the solutions and explanations:
 
=== Exercise 1: Fill in the Blanks ===
 
1. Bil sem srečen. (I was happy)
 
2. Bil je doma. (He was at home)
 
3. Bili ste na počitnicah. (You were on vacation)
 
=== Exercise 2: Create Sentences ===
 
1. Delal sem v pisarni. (I worked in the office.)
 
2. Videla sem lep film. (I saw a beautiful movie.)
 
3. Igrali smo nogomet. (We played football.)
 
=== Exercise 3: Translate to Slovenian ===
 
1. Bili so prijatelji. (They were friends.)
 
2. Včeraj sem videla film. (I saw a movie yesterday.)
 
3. Potovali smo v gore lani. (We traveled to the mountains last year.)
 
=== Exercise 4: Identify the Past Active Participle ===
 
1. srečna
 
2. na morju
 
3. film
 
=== Exercise 5: Conjugate Biti ===
 
1. Bil sem (I was - masculine)
 
2. Bila je (She was)
 
3. Bile smo (We were - feminine)
 
=== Exercise 6: Match the Phrases ===
 
1. c (I was at school.)
 
2. b (You (plural) were happy.)
 
3. a (They were in the restaurant.)
 
=== Exercise 7: Create a Short Story ===
 
Example response: "Včeraj sem šel v trgovino. Kupil sem kruh in mleko. Potem sem šel domov." (Yesterday I went to the store. I bought bread and milk. Then I went home.)
 
=== Exercise 8: Correct the Mistakes ===
 
1. Bil je srečen. (He was happy.)
 
2. Bili smo na morju. (We were at the sea.)
 
3. Bila sem igrala. (I played - feminine.)
 
=== Exercise 9: Complete the Table ===
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
! Slovenian Verb !! Past Active Participle (Masculine) !! Past Active Participle (Feminine)
 
|-
 
| pisati (to write) || pisal || pisala
 
|-
 
| jesti (to eat) || jedel || jedla
 
|-


== Example Sentences ==
| piti (to drink) || pil || pila


Here are some example sentences in Slovenian using the past tense:
|}


* Včeraj sem jedel/-a/-o kosilo. (Yesterday, I ate lunch.)
=== Exercise 10: Rewrite the Sentences ===
* Pred dvema tednoma sem naredil/-a preizkus vožnje. (Two weeks ago, I took a driving test.)
* Lani smo bili/-e/-a na počitnicah na morju. (Last year, we were on vacation at the seaside.)
* Mama je dala/-a/-o očetu darilo za rojstni dan. (Mom gave dad a present for his birthday.)
* Pred leti sem videl/-a nenavadno ptico v parku. (Years ago, I saw an unusual bird in the park.)


== Practice Exercises ==
1. Bil sem srečen. (I was happy.)


To solidify your understanding of the past tense and past active participles, try these practice exercises:
2. Igrali smo nogomet. (We played football.)


* Conjugate the verb 'igrati' (to play) in the past tense for all six persons and numbers.
3. Videla je prijatelja. (She saw a friend.)
* Write three sentences in Slovenian using the past tense with different verbs.
* Identify the past active participle in the sentence: "Pred dvema tednoma sem videl/-a/-o malo deklico na sprehodu." ("Two weeks ago, I saw a little girl on a walk.")


== Conclusion ==
By now, you should have a firm grasp of how to form and use the past tense in Slovenian. Remember, practice makes perfect! Keep using these structures in your conversations and writing, and soon you’ll be recounting your experiences with ease.


In this lesson, you learned how to form the past tense in Slovenian using the auxiliary verb 'biti' and past active participles. You also learned about irregular past active participles and how to use the past tense in everyday communication. As you continue to practice speaking and writing in Slovenian, don't forget to use the past tense to describe events and actions that have already occurred. This will help you communicate more effectively and fluently with native speakers. Good luck with your studies!
Until next time, keep exploring the beautiful Slovenian language!


{{#seo:
{{#seo:
|title=Slovenian Grammar: Formation of the Past Tense | Past Tense Verb Conjugation
 
|keywords=Slovenian past tense, past tense verb conjugation in Slovenian, past active participle, 'biti' auxiliary verb
|title=Learn Slovenian Past Tense
|description=In this lesson, you will learn how to form the past tense in Slovenian using the auxiliary verb 'biti' and past active participles. This is an important concept to master as the past tense is used frequently in everyday communication. By the end of this lesson, you should be able to understand and use the past tense confidently in your conversations and writing.
 
|keywords=Slovenian grammar, past tense, auxiliary verb biti, Slovenian verbs
 
|description=In this lesson, you will learn how to form the past tense in Slovenian using the auxiliary verb 'biti' and past active participles with engaging examples and exercises.
 
}}
}}


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==Related Lessons==
==Other Lessons==
* [[Language/Slovenian/Grammar/The-subjunctive-mood-and-modal-verbs|The subjunctive mood and modal verbs]]
* [[Language/Slovenian/Grammar/The-subjunctive-mood-and-modal-verbs|The subjunctive mood and modal verbs]]
* [[Language/Slovenian/Grammar/Conjunctions|Conjunctions]]
* [[Language/Slovenian/Grammar/Conjunctions|Conjunctions]]
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* [[Language/Slovenian/Grammar/Present-Tense|Present Tense]]
* [[Language/Slovenian/Grammar/Present-Tense|Present Tense]]
* [[Language/Slovenian/Grammar/Questions|Questions]]
* [[Language/Slovenian/Grammar/Questions|Questions]]


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{| class="wikitable pg_template_nav"
|[[Language/Slovenian/Grammar/Present-Tense|◀️ Present Tense — Previous Lesson]]
|[[Language/Slovenian/Grammar/Future-Tense|Next Lesson — Future Tense ▶️]]
|}
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Latest revision as of 03:14, 2 August 2024

◀️ Present Tense — Previous Lesson Next Lesson — Future Tense ▶️

Slovenian-Language-PolyglotClub.png
Slovenian → Grammar → 0 to A1 Course → Past Tense

Welcome to this exciting lesson on forming the Past Tense in Slovenian! Understanding how to express actions that have already happened is essential for effective communication. Whether you're reminiscing about a wonderful vacation or recounting your previous day’s adventures, mastering the past tense will enhance your Slovenian language skills significantly.

In this lesson, we will explore the following key points:

  • The structure of the past tense in Slovenian, emphasizing the auxiliary verb biti (to be).
  • How to form past active participles.
  • A variety of examples to illustrate these concepts.
  • Practical exercises to help you solidify your understanding.

Let's dive into the world of Slovenian grammar and unlock the secrets of the past tense!

The Structure of the Past Tense[edit | edit source]

In Slovenian, the past tense is formed using the auxiliary verb biti in the past tense along with the past active participle of the main verb. This structure is quite similar to the way many English speakers form the present perfect tense.

  • Auxiliary Verb: biti (to be)
  • Past Active Participle: This is the form of the main verb that indicates completed action.

Example Structure:

  • English: I was (biti) happy (past participle of the verb "to be").
  • Slovenian: Bil sem srečen (masculine) / Bila sem srečna (feminine).

Here’s how the formation works in a bit more detail:

1. Conjugate the verb biti in the past tense according to the subject (I, you, he/she/it, we, you (plural), they).

2. Use the appropriate past active participle for the main verb, which agrees in gender and number with the subject.

Conjugation of Biti in the Past Tense[edit | edit source]

Here’s a quick overview of how to conjugate biti in the past tense:

Person Slovenian Pronunciation English
1st Person Singular (I) Bil sem (masculine) / Bila sem (feminine) bil sem / bila sem I was
2nd Person Singular (You) Bil si (masculine) / Bila si (feminine) bil si / bila si You were
3rd Person Singular (He/She/It) Bil je (masculine) / Bila je (feminine) bil je / bila je He/She/It was
1st Person Plural (We) Bili smo (masculine) / Bile smo (feminine) bili smo / bile smo We were
2nd Person Plural (You all) Bili ste (masculine) / Bile ste (feminine) bili ste / bile ste You were
3rd Person Plural (They) Bili so (masculine) / Bile so (feminine) bili so / bile so They were

Past Active Participles[edit | edit source]

Past active participles in Slovenian are formed by modifying the verb stem, and they also agree in gender and number with the subject. Here are the general rules:

1. For regular verbs ending in -ati (like "delati" - to work), the participle ends in -al (masculine), -ala (feminine), -alo (neuter), and -ali (plural).

2. For regular verbs ending in -iti (like "videti" - to see), the participle ends in -el (masculine), -ela (feminine), -elo (neuter), and -eli (plural).

3. For regular verbs ending in -eti (like "smejati" - to laugh), the participle ends in -el (masculine), -ela (feminine), -elo (neuter), and -eli (plural).

Let's look at some examples of how to form past active participles:

Slovenian Verb Past Active Participle (Masculine) Past Active Participle (Feminine) English Translation
delati (to work) delal delala worked
videti (to see) videl videla saw
smejati (to laugh) smejal smejala laughed
igrati (to play) igral igrala played
govoriti (to speak) govoril govorila spoke

Forming Sentences in the Past Tense[edit | edit source]

Now that we have the structure down, let’s combine the auxiliary verb biti with the past active participles to form complete sentences. Here are some examples:

Slovenian Pronunciation English
Bil sem učitelj. bil sem uːˈtʃeɪtl I was a teacher.
Bila sem srečna. bila sem ˈsreːtʃna I was happy.
Bili smo na morju. bili smo na ˈmɔrju We were at the sea.
Bila ste prijateljice. bila ste priˈjateljitse You (plural) were friends.
Bil je doma. bil je doˈma He was at home.

As you can see, the past tense allows you to share experiences and tell stories effectively.

Examples of Past Tense in Context[edit | edit source]

To help you grasp the past tense better, here are more examples in context:

Slovenian Pronunciation English
Danes sem šel v trgovino. ˈdanɛs sem ʃɛl v trɡoˈvino Today I went to the store.
Včeraj sem videla film. vˈtʃɛːraɪ sem ˈvidɛla ˈfilɛm Yesterday I saw a movie.
Pred dvema tednoma smo potovali. prɛd ˈdvɛma ˈtɛdnoma smo poˈtavali Two weeks ago we traveled.
Lani sem obiskal Ljubljano. ˈlani sem oˈbiskal ljuˈbljano Last year I visited Ljubljana.
V prejšnjem mesecu so imeli zabavo. v ˈprɛiʃnjɛm ˈmɛsɛcu so iˈmɛli zaˈbavo Last month they had a party.

Exercises[edit | edit source]

Now it’s time to put your knowledge to the test! Below are some exercises designed to reinforce what you've learned about the past tense in Slovenian.

Exercise 1: Fill in the Blanks[edit | edit source]

Fill in the blanks with the correct form of biti in the past tense.

1. ___ sem srečen. (I was happy)

2. ___ je doma. (He was at home)

3. ___ ste na počitnicah. (You were on vacation)

Exercise 2: Create Sentences[edit | edit source]

Using the verbs given, create sentences in the past tense.

1. delati (to work)

2. videti (to see)

3. igrati (to play)

Exercise 3: Translate to Slovenian[edit | edit source]

Translate the following sentences into Slovenian.

1. They were friends.

2. I saw a movie yesterday.

3. We traveled to the mountains last year.

Exercise 4: Identify the Past Active Participle[edit | edit source]

Identify the past active participle in the following sentences.

1. Bila sem srečna.

2. Bili smo na morju.

3. Videla sem film.

Exercise 5: Conjugate Biti[edit | edit source]

Conjugate the verb biti in the past tense for the following subjects.

1. I (masculine)

2. She

3. We (feminine)

Exercise 6: Match the Phrases[edit | edit source]

Match the Slovenian phrases with their English translations.

1. Bil sem v šoli.

2. Bila ste srečne.

3. Bili so v restavraciji.

a. They were in the restaurant.

b. You (plural) were happy.

c. I was at school.

Exercise 7: Create a Short Story[edit | edit source]

Write a short story (3-5 sentences) about what you did yesterday using the past tense.

Exercise 8: Correct the Mistakes[edit | edit source]

Find and correct the mistakes in the following sentences.

1. Bil je srečna.

2. Bili smo na morje.

3. Bila sem igrali.

Exercise 9: Complete the Table[edit | edit source]

Complete the table with the past active participle forms for the given verbs.

Slovenian Verb Past Active Participle (Masculine) Past Active Participle (Feminine)
pisati (to write) ?? ??
jesti (to eat) ?? ??
piti (to drink) ?? ??

Exercise 10: Rewrite the Sentences[edit | edit source]

Rewrite the following sentences in the past tense.

1. I am happy.

2. We play football.

3. She sees a friend.

Solutions and Explanations[edit | edit source]

After you've completed the exercises, here are the solutions and explanations:

Exercise 1: Fill in the Blanks[edit | edit source]

1. Bil sem srečen. (I was happy)

2. Bil je doma. (He was at home)

3. Bili ste na počitnicah. (You were on vacation)

Exercise 2: Create Sentences[edit | edit source]

1. Delal sem v pisarni. (I worked in the office.)

2. Videla sem lep film. (I saw a beautiful movie.)

3. Igrali smo nogomet. (We played football.)

Exercise 3: Translate to Slovenian[edit | edit source]

1. Bili so prijatelji. (They were friends.)

2. Včeraj sem videla film. (I saw a movie yesterday.)

3. Potovali smo v gore lani. (We traveled to the mountains last year.)

Exercise 4: Identify the Past Active Participle[edit | edit source]

1. srečna

2. na morju

3. film

Exercise 5: Conjugate Biti[edit | edit source]

1. Bil sem (I was - masculine)

2. Bila je (She was)

3. Bile smo (We were - feminine)

Exercise 6: Match the Phrases[edit | edit source]

1. c (I was at school.)

2. b (You (plural) were happy.)

3. a (They were in the restaurant.)

Exercise 7: Create a Short Story[edit | edit source]

Example response: "Včeraj sem šel v trgovino. Kupil sem kruh in mleko. Potem sem šel domov." (Yesterday I went to the store. I bought bread and milk. Then I went home.)

Exercise 8: Correct the Mistakes[edit | edit source]

1. Bil je srečen. (He was happy.)

2. Bili smo na morju. (We were at the sea.)

3. Bila sem igrala. (I played - feminine.)

Exercise 9: Complete the Table[edit | edit source]

Slovenian Verb Past Active Participle (Masculine) Past Active Participle (Feminine)
pisati (to write) pisal pisala
jesti (to eat) jedel jedla
piti (to drink) pil pila

Exercise 10: Rewrite the Sentences[edit | edit source]

1. Bil sem srečen. (I was happy.)

2. Igrali smo nogomet. (We played football.)

3. Videla je prijatelja. (She saw a friend.)

By now, you should have a firm grasp of how to form and use the past tense in Slovenian. Remember, practice makes perfect! Keep using these structures in your conversations and writing, and soon you’ll be recounting your experiences with ease.

Until next time, keep exploring the beautiful Slovenian language!

Table of Contents - Slovenian Course - 0 to A1[edit source]


Greetings and Introductions


Nouns and Pronouns


Numbers and Time


Verbs and Tenses


Food and Drink


Adjectives and Adverbs


Travel and Transportation


Prepositions and Conjunctions


Hobbies and Free Time


Slovenian Customs and Traditions


Other Lessons[edit | edit source]



◀️ Present Tense — Previous Lesson Next Lesson — Future Tense ▶️

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