Difference between revisions of "Language/Armenian/Vocabulary/Common-Foods"

Latest revision as of 01:18, 2 August 2024

◀️ Personal Pronouns — Previous Lesson	Next Lesson — Eating Out ▶️

Armenian → Vocabulary → 0 to A1 Course → Common Foods

Welcome to another exciting lesson in our journey through the Armenian language! Today, we will be diving into a delicious topic: Common Foods in Armenian. Food is a significant part of any culture, and understanding the vocabulary around it will not only enhance your language skills but also provide insight into Armenian traditions and daily life. Whether you plan to visit Armenia or simply want to appreciate its rich culinary heritage, this lesson will equip you with essential vocabulary related to fruits, vegetables, meats, grains, and traditional dishes.

In this lesson, we will explore:

The vocabulary for various food items

Pronunciation guides to help you speak confidently

A focus on traditional Armenian dishes that you might encounter

So grab a snack, and let’s get started!

Fruits[edit | edit source]

Fruits are a vital part of the Armenian diet, often enjoyed fresh or used in various dishes. Below are some common fruits along with their Armenian translations and pronunciations.

Armenian	Pronunciation	English
մրգեր	mrger	fruits
խնձոր	xndzor	apple
սածիլ	sadzil	seedling (often refers to young fruit trees)
նուռ	nurr	pomegranate
բանան	banan	banana
խաղող	xagox	grape
ձուկ	dzuk	fish (often used in the context of seafood)
տանձ	tandz	pear
կիվի	kivi	kiwi
ծիրան	tsiran	apricot

Vegetables[edit | edit source]

Vegetables play a significant role in Armenian cuisine, often featured in salads, stews, and side dishes. Here are some essential vegetable terms:

Armenian	Pronunciation	English
բանջարեղեն	banjaréghen	vegetables
լոբի	lobi	bean
կարտոֆիլ	kartofíl	potato
բանջար	banjar	carrot
սոխ	sox	onion
սխտոր	sxxtor	garlic
տամար	tamar	tomato
կաղամբ	kaghamb	cabbage
բրոկոլի	brokoli	broccoli
կիտրոն	kitron	lemon

Meats[edit | edit source]

Armenian cuisine is rich in various meats, often grilled or roasted to perfection. Let’s look at common terms related to meat:

Armenian	Pronunciation	English
միս	mis	meat
հավ	hav	chicken
երկաթ	yerkat	beef
ոչխար	voxhar	lamb
սուրճ	surj	pork
ձուկ	dzuk	fish
կարագ	karag	butter (often used in cooking meat dishes)
երշիկ	yeršik	sausage
աղացած միս	aghatsats mis	ground meat
մսի լցոն	msi lts'ón	stuffed meat

Grains[edit | edit source]

Grains are the foundation of many Armenian meals. Here’s a list of essential grain vocabulary:

Armenian	Pronunciation	English
հաց	hats	bread
բրինձ	brinju	rice
ցորեն	ts'oren	wheat
գարի	gari	barley
հնդու	hndu	millet
մակարոն	makaron	pasta
խմոր	xmor	dough
ալյուր	alyur	flour
կաթ	kat	milk (often used with grain dishes)
մեղր	meh'r	honey (often used in grain desserts)

Traditional Armenian Dishes[edit | edit source]

Armenian cuisine is famous for its unique and flavorful dishes. Here are some traditional dishes you should know:

Armenian	Pronunciation	English
խաշ	xash	khash (a traditional soup made from boiled animal parts)
դոլմա	dolma	dolma (stuffed grape leaves)
խիճ	xich	khich (a rice and meat dish)
լավաշ	lavash	lavash (Armenian flatbread)
բլիթ	blit	blini (pancakes)
ղասպար	ghaspar	khorovats (grilled meat)
աղցան	aghc'an	salad
տոլմա	tolma	stuffed vegetables
զեյթուն	zeytun	olives
կծու	k'c'u	spicy (often used to describe various dishes)

Exercises[edit | edit source]

Now that you have learned some valuable vocabulary, let’s practice what you’ve learned! Complete the following exercises:

Exercise 1: Match the Food with its Armenian Name[edit | edit source]

Match the English food items with their Armenian counterparts.

1. Apple a. բրինձ

2. Potato b. խաղող

3. Rice c. խնձոր

4. Grape d. կարտոֆիլ

Answers[edit | edit source]

1. c – Apple: խնձոր

2. d – Potato: կարտոֆիլ

3. a – Rice: բրինձ

4. b – Grape: խաղող

Exercise 2: Fill in the Blanks[edit | edit source]

Fill in the blanks with the correct Armenian words from the vocabulary list.

1. I would like to eat __________ (chicken) for dinner.

2. Please pass me the __________ (bread).

3. My favorite fruit is __________ (pomegranate).

Answers[edit | edit source]

1. I would like to eat հավ (hav) for dinner.

2. Please pass me the հաց (hats).

3. My favorite fruit is նուռ (nurr).

Exercise 3: True or False[edit | edit source]

Determine if the statements are true or false.

1. Խաշ (xash) is a type of salad. (True/False)

2. Դոլմա (dolma) refers to stuffed grape leaves. (True/False)

3. Կարտոֆիլ (kartofíl) means fish. (True/False)

Answers[edit | edit source]

1. False

2. True

3. False

Exercise 4: Vocabulary Quiz[edit | edit source]

Translate the following words into Armenian:

1. Banana

2. Garlic

3. Lamb

Answers[edit | edit source]

1. բանան (banan)

2. սխտոր (sxxtor)

3. ոչխար (voxhar)

Exercise 5: Create a Sentence[edit | edit source]

Use the words provided to create a sentence in Armenian. Words: խաշ (xash), հաց (hats), տանձ (tandz).

Sample Sentence[edit | edit source]

Խաշ (xash) և հաց (hats) ուտում եմ հետ տանձ (tandz).

(Translation: I eat khash with bread and pear.)

Exercise 6: Word Search[edit | edit source]

Find the Armenian words for the following English words in a word search: apple, potato, rice, grape.

Answers[edit | edit source]

Look for խնձոր, կարտոֆիլ, բրինձ, խաղող in the word search.

Exercise 7: Role Play[edit | edit source]

Imagine you are at an Armenian restaurant. Practice ordering the following items:

1. Խաշ (xash)

2. Դոլմա (dolma)

3. Հաց (hats)

Example Dialogue[edit | edit source]

You: Ես ուզում եմ պատվիրել խաշ (xash), դոլմա (dolma), և հաց (hats).

(Translation: I would like to order khash, dolma, and bread.)

Exercise 8: Describe Your Favorite Dish[edit | edit source]

Write a short paragraph about your favorite Armenian dish using at least five new vocabulary words.

Sample Paragraph[edit | edit source]

My favorite dish is դոլմա (dolma). It is made of խաղող (grape) leaves stuffed with միս (mis) and բանջարեղեն (banjaréghen). I love to eat it with հաց (hats) and some համեմունք (spices).

Exercise 9: Listening Comprehension[edit | edit source]

Listen to a short audio clip (if available) about Armenian food. Write down as many food words as you can catch.

Answers[edit | edit source]

Look for words like հաց, բրինձ, խնձոր, and դոլմա.

Exercise 10: Crossword Puzzle[edit | edit source]

Create a crossword puzzle using the vocabulary words you learned in this lesson.

Sample Clues[edit | edit source]

1. Across: Խաշ (xash) - Traditional Armenian soup

2. Down: Հաց (hats) - Bread

Congratulations on completing this lesson on Armenian vocabulary related to common foods! I hope you enjoyed the delicious journey through Armenian cuisine. Keep practicing, and soon you will be able to use these words confidently in conversations or even while dining in an Armenian restaurant.

Table of Contents - Armenian Course - 0 to A1[edit source]

Course Presentation

Greetings and Introductions

Alphabet and Pronunciation

Numbers and Time

Basic Sentence Structure

Family and Relationships

Nouns and Pronouns

Food and Dining

Verbs and Tenses

Travel and Transportation

Adjectives and Adverbs

Armenian Traditions and Customs

Sources[edit | edit source]

Armenian Popular Phrases - What You Should Know

Other Lessons[edit | edit source]

◀️ Personal Pronouns — Previous Lesson	Next Lesson — Eating Out ▶️

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+<span pgnav>
+{| class="wikitable pg_template_nav"
+|[[Language/Armenian/Grammar/Personal-Pronouns|◀️ Personal Pronouns — Previous Lesson]]
+|[[Language/Armenian/Vocabulary/Eating-Out|Next Lesson — Eating Out ▶️]]
+|}
+</span>
 {{Armenian-Page-Top}}
+<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Armenian|Armenian]]  → [[Language/Armenian/Vocabulary|Vocabulary]] → [[Language/Armenian/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Common Foods</div>
+Welcome to another exciting lesson in our journey through the Armenian language! Today, we will be diving into a delicious topic: '''Common Foods''' in Armenian. Food is a significant part of any culture, and understanding the vocabulary around it will not only enhance your language skills but also provide insight into Armenian traditions and daily life. Whether you plan to visit Armenia or simply want to appreciate its rich culinary heritage, this lesson will equip you with essential vocabulary related to fruits, vegetables, meats, grains, and traditional dishes.
+In this lesson, we will explore:
+* The vocabulary for various food items
-<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Armenian|Armenian]]  → [[Language/Armenian/Vocabulary|Vocabulary]] → [[Language/Armenian/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Common Foods</div>
+* Pronunciation guides to help you speak confidently
+* A focus on traditional Armenian dishes that you might encounter
+So grab a snack, and let’s get started!
 __TOC__
-As an Armenian language teacher with over 20 years of experience, I am thrilled to introduce you to this lesson on common Armenian foods. Armenian cuisine is known for its unique flavors and dishes that have been passed down from generation to generation. In this lesson, you will learn the Armenian words for common foods, such as fruits, vegetables, meats, and grains, as well as some traditional Armenian dishes.
+=== Fruits ===
+Fruits are a vital part of the Armenian diet, often enjoyed fresh or used in various dishes. Below are some common fruits along with their Armenian translations and pronunciations.
+{| class="wikitable"
+! Armenian !! Pronunciation !! English
+|-
+| մրգեր || mrger || fruits
+|-
+| խնձոր || xndzor || apple
+|-
+| սածիլ || sadzil || seedling (often refers to young fruit trees)
+|-
+| նուռ || nurr || pomegranate
+|-
+| բանան || banan || banana
+|-
+| խաղող || xagox || grape
+|-
-== Armenian Vocabulary for Common Foods ==
+| ձուկ || dzuk || fish (often used in the context of seafood)
-=== Fruits and Vegetables ===
+|-
-Armenians use a variety of fresh fruits and vegetables in their cuisine. Here are some of the most common ones:
+| տանձ || tandz || pear
+|-
+| կիվի || kivi || kiwi
+|-
+| ծիրան || tsiran || apricot
+|}
+=== Vegetables ===
+Vegetables play a significant role in Armenian cuisine, often featured in salads, stews, and side dishes. Here are some essential vegetable terms:
 {| class="wikitable"
 ! Armenian !! Pronunciation !! English
 |-
-| խառնաքար (kharnakar) || /xɑɾnɑkɑɾ/ || cucumber
+| բանջարեղեն || banjaréghen || vegetables
 |-
-| սանկալ (sankal) || /sɑnkɑl/ || eggplant
+| լոբի || lobi || bean
 |-
-| կարմիր պղպեղ (karmir pghpegh) || /kɑɾmiɾ pʰʁpʰɛʁ/ || red pepper
+| կարտոֆիլ || kartofíl || potato
 |-
-| խնձոր (khndzor) || /xəndzɔɾ/ || tomato
+| բանջար || banjar || carrot
 |-
-| խնձորի պղպեղ (khndzori pghpegh) || /xəndzɔɾi pʰʁpʰɛʁ/ || tomato pepper
+| սոխ || sox || onion
 |-
-| բանալի (banali) || /bɑnɑli/ || onion
+| սխտոր || sxxtor || garlic
 |-
-| կարտոֆիլ (kartofil) || /kɑɾtɔfil/ || potato
+| տամար || tamar || tomato
 |-
-| խոլորված սոխ (kholorvats sokh) || /xɔlɔɾvɑts sɔχ/ || pickled cabbage
+| կաղամբ || kaghamb || cabbage
 |-
-| նռան մուծում (nran mutsum) || /nəɾn mʊtsum/ || fig jam
+| բրոկոլի || brokoli || broccoli
 |-
-| խաղող (khaghogh) || /xɑˈʁɔʁ/ || persimmon
-|-
+| կիտրոն || kitron || lemon
-| բակու (bakoo) || /bɑˈku/ || quince
 |}
 === Meats ===
-Meat is an essential part of Armenian cuisine, and there are many delicious dishes made with different types of meat. Here are some of the most common ones:
+Armenian cuisine is rich in various meats, often grilled or roasted to perfection. Let’s look at common terms related to meat:
 {| class="wikitable"
 ! Armenian !! Pronunciation !! English
 |-
-| մուծ (mut) || /mʊt/ || beef
+| միս || mis || meat
 |-
-| կաթ (gat) || /kɑtʰ/ || lamb
+| հավ || hav || chicken
+|-
+| երկաթ || yerkat || beef
+|-
+| ոչխար || voxhar || lamb
 |-
-| ձված մուծ (jvats mut) || /ʤvɑts mʊt/ || chicken
+| սուրճ || surj || pork
 |-
-| սառնարան (sarnaran) || /sɑrnɑˈɾɑn/ || sausage
+| ձուկ || dzuk || fish
+|-
+| կարագ || karag || butter (often used in cooking meat dishes)
+|-
+| երշիկ || yeršik || sausage
+|-
+| աղացած միս || aghatsats mis || ground meat
+|-
+| մսի լցոն || msi lts'ón || stuffed meat
 |}
-=== Grains and Dairy Products ===
+=== Grains ===
-Here are some common Armenian grains and dairy products:
+Grains are the foundation of many Armenian meals. Here’s a list of essential grain vocabulary:
 {| class="wikitable"
 ! Armenian !! Pronunciation !! English
+|-
+| հաց || hats || bread
+|-
+| բրինձ || brinju || rice
+|-
+| ցորեն || ts'oren || wheat
+|-
+| գարի || gari || barley
+|-
+| հնդու || hndu || millet
+|-
+| մակարոն || makaron || pasta
 |-
-| աղանդ (aghant) || /ɑˈʁɑnt/ || bread
+| խմոր || xmor || dough
 |-
-| հաց (hats) || /hɑts/ || bread
+| ալյուր || alyur || flour
 |-
-| կարավ (karav) || /kɑˈɾɑv/ || wheat
+| կաթ || kat || milk (often used with grain dishes)
 |-
-| բանջարեղ (banjarer) || /bɑnd͡ʒɑˈɾɛɾ/ || cheese
+| մեղր || meh'r || honey (often used in grain desserts)
 |}
 === Traditional Armenian Dishes ===
-Armenian cuisine is famous for its delicious traditional dishes, which are often served at family gatherings and special occasions. Here are some of the most popular ones:
+Armenian cuisine is famous for its unique and flavorful dishes. Here are some traditional dishes you should know:
+{| class="wikitable"
+! Armenian !! Pronunciation !! English
+|-
+| խաշ || xash || khash (a traditional soup made from boiled animal parts)
+|-
+| դոլմա || dolma || dolma (stuffed grape leaves)
+|-
+| խիճ || xich || khich (a rice and meat dish)
+|-
+| լավաշ || lavash || lavash (Armenian flatbread)
+|-
+| բլիթ || blit || blini (pancakes)
+|-
+| ղասպար || ghaspar || khorovats (grilled meat)
-* **Խոհարար (khorovats)** - Armenian-style barbecue, usually made with marinated lamb, pork, or chicken.
+|-
-* **Բուրեկ (burek)** - A savory pastry made with phyllo dough and filled with potatoes, cheese, or meat.
+| աղցան || aghc'an || salad
-* **Սուջուխ (sujukh)** - A sweet and chewy snack made with stringed walnuts dipped in a thick syrup made with sugar, grape or pomegranate juices, and flour.
+|-
-* **Ապուխտ (apukht)** - A soup made with dried apricots and lamb or beef, served with crumbled lavash bread.
+| տոլմա || tolma || stuffed vegetables
-* **Լահմաջու (lahmajun)** - A thin, crispy flatbread topped with spiced minced meat and vegetables.
+|-
-== Eating Out in Armenia ==
+| զեյթուն || zeytun || olives
-If you are planning to visit Armenia, it's useful to learn some vocabulary for eating out. Here are some common phrases:
+|-
-* **Ունեք հաճախորդի նախորդանից? (uneq hajakhorti naxordaniç?)** - Do you have a table available?
+| կծու || k'c'u || spicy (often used to describe various dishes)
-* **Գինը ինչպես է? (ginə inčpes e?)** - How much does it cost?
+|}
-* **Կարծիքս ինձ կտրեք։ (kartsiks indz ktrəkʰ)** - Can you please bring me the bill?
+== Exercises ==
-* **Ինչպե՞ս է վաճառքը: (Inčpes e vacharrki?)** - How is it served?
+Now that you have learned some valuable vocabulary, let’s practice what you’ve learned! Complete the following exercises:
-Armenian cuisine has a lot to offer, and I hope this lesson has given you a good overview of common Armenian foods and dishes. In our next lesson, we will learn about the present tense in Armenian verbs.
+=== Exercise 1: Match the Food with its Armenian Name ===
+Match the English food items with their Armenian counterparts.
+. Apple                a. բրինձ
+. Potato               b. խաղող
+. Rice                 c. խնձոր
+. Grape                d. կարտոֆիլ
+==== Answers ====
+. c – Apple: խնձոր
+. d – Potato: կարտոֆիլ
+. a – Rice: բրինձ
+. b – Grape: խաղող
+=== Exercise 2: Fill in the Blanks ===
+Fill in the blanks with the correct Armenian words from the vocabulary list.
+. I would like to eat __________ (chicken) for dinner.
+. Please pass me the __________ (bread).
+. My favorite fruit is __________ (pomegranate).
+==== Answers ====
+. I would like to eat '''հավ''' (hav) for dinner.
+. Please pass me the '''հաց''' (hats).
+. My favorite fruit is '''նուռ''' (nurr).
+=== Exercise 3: True or False ===
+Determine if the statements are true or false.
+. '''Խաշ''' (xash) is a type of salad. (True/False)
+. '''Դոլմա''' (dolma) refers to stuffed grape leaves. (True/False)
+. '''Կարտոֆիլ''' (kartofíl) means fish. (True/False)
+==== Answers ====
+. False
+. True
+. False
+=== Exercise 4: Vocabulary Quiz ===
+Translate the following words into Armenian:
+. Banana
+. Garlic
+. Lamb
+==== Answers ====
+. '''բանան''' (banan)
+. '''սխտոր''' (sxxtor)
+. '''ոչխար''' (voxhar)
+=== Exercise 5: Create a Sentence ===
+Use the words provided to create a sentence in Armenian. Words: '''խաշ''' (xash), '''հաց''' (hats), '''տանձ''' (tandz).
+==== Sample Sentence ====
+'''Խաշ''' (xash) և '''հաց''' (hats) ուտում եմ հետ '''տանձ''' (tandz).
+(Translation: I eat khash with bread and pear.)
+=== Exercise 6: Word Search ===
+Find the Armenian words for the following English words in a word search: apple, potato, rice, grape.
+==== Answers ====
+Look for '''խնձոր''', '''կարտոֆիլ''', '''բրինձ''', '''խաղող''' in the word search.
+=== Exercise 7: Role Play ===
+Imagine you are at an Armenian restaurant. Practice ordering the following items:
+. '''Խաշ''' (xash)
+. '''Դոլմա''' (dolma)
+. '''Հաց''' (hats)
+==== Example Dialogue ====
+'''You:''' Ես ուզում եմ պատվիրել '''խաշ''' (xash), '''դոլմա''' (dolma), և '''հաց''' (hats).
+(Translation: I would like to order khash, dolma, and bread.)
+=== Exercise 8: Describe Your Favorite Dish ===
+Write a short paragraph about your favorite Armenian dish using at least five new vocabulary words.
+==== Sample Paragraph ====
+My favorite dish is '''դոլմա''' (dolma). It is made of '''խաղող''' (grape) leaves stuffed with '''միս''' (mis) and '''բանջարեղեն''' (banjaréghen). I love to eat it with '''հաց''' (hats) and some '''համեմունք''' (spices).
+=== Exercise 9: Listening Comprehension ===
+Listen to a short audio clip (if available) about Armenian food. Write down as many food words as you can catch.
+==== Answers ====
+Look for words like '''հաց''', '''բրինձ''', '''խնձոր''', and '''դոլմա'''.
+=== Exercise 10: Crossword Puzzle ===
+Create a crossword puzzle using the vocabulary words you learned in this lesson.
+==== Sample Clues ====
+. Across: '''Խաշ''' (xash) - Traditional Armenian soup
+. Down: '''Հաց''' (hats) - Bread
+Congratulations on completing this lesson on Armenian vocabulary related to common foods! I hope you enjoyed the delicious journey through Armenian cuisine. Keep practicing, and soon you will be able to use these words confidently in conversations or even while dining in an Armenian restaurant.
 {{#seo:
-|title=Armenian Vocabulary → Common Foods
-|keywords=Armenian vocabulary, common Armenian foods, Armenian culture, traditional Armenian dishes, eating out in Armenia
+|title=Learn Armenian Vocabulary: Common Foods
-|description=In this lesson, you will learn the Armenian words for common foods, such as fruits, vegetables, meats, and grains, as well as some traditional Armenian dishes.
+|keywords=Armenian food vocabulary, common Armenian dishes, learn Armenian, Armenian language, beginner Armenian course, Armenian cuisine
+|description=In this lesson, you will learn the Armenian words for common foods, including fruits, vegetables, meats, grains, and traditional dishes. Perfect for beginners!
 }}
-{{Armenian-0-to-A1-Course-TOC}}
+{{Template:Armenian-0-to-A1-Course-TOC}}
 [[Category:Course]]
@@ Line 112: / Line 433: @@
 [[Category:0-to-A1-Course]]
 [[Category:Armenian-0-to-A1-Course]]
-<span gpt></span> <span model=gpt-3.5-turbo></span> <span temperature=1></span>
+<span openai_correct_model></span> <span gpt></span> <span model=gpt-4o-mini></span> <span temperature=0.7></span>
+==Sources==
+* [https://armeniadiscovery.com/en/articles/armenian-popular-phrases-what-you-should-know Armenian Popular Phrases - What You Should Know]
-==Related Lessons==
+==Other Lessons==
 * [[Language/Armenian/Vocabulary/Introduce-Yourself-Ինչպես-ներկայանալ|Introduce Yourself Ինչպես ներկայանալ]]
 * [[Language/Armenian/Vocabulary/Legal-Terms|Legal Terms]]
@@ Line 127: / Line 451: @@
 * [[Language/Armenian/Vocabulary/Count-from-1-to-10|Count from 1 to 10]]
 * [[Language/Armenian/Vocabulary/Education|Education]]
 {{Armenian-Page-Bottom}}
+<span pgnav>
+{| class="wikitable pg_template_nav"
+|[[Language/Armenian/Grammar/Personal-Pronouns|◀️ Personal Pronouns — Previous Lesson]]
+|[[Language/Armenian/Vocabulary/Eating-Out|Next Lesson — Eating Out ▶️]]
+|}
+</span>

Difference between revisions of "Language/Armenian/Vocabulary/Common-Foods"

Latest revision as of 01:18, 2 August 2024

Fruits[edit | edit source]

Vegetables[edit | edit source]

Meats[edit | edit source]

Grains[edit | edit source]

Traditional Armenian Dishes[edit | edit source]

Exercises[edit | edit source]

Exercise 1: Match the Food with its Armenian Name[edit | edit source]

Answers[edit | edit source]

Exercise 2: Fill in the Blanks[edit | edit source]

Answers[edit | edit source]

Exercise 3: True or False[edit | edit source]

Answers[edit | edit source]

Exercise 4: Vocabulary Quiz[edit | edit source]

Answers[edit | edit source]

Exercise 5: Create a Sentence[edit | edit source]

Sample Sentence[edit | edit source]

Exercise 6: Word Search[edit | edit source]

Answers[edit | edit source]

Exercise 7: Role Play[edit | edit source]

Example Dialogue[edit | edit source]

Exercise 8: Describe Your Favorite Dish[edit | edit source]

Sample Paragraph[edit | edit source]

Exercise 9: Listening Comprehension[edit | edit source]

Answers[edit | edit source]

Exercise 10: Crossword Puzzle[edit | edit source]

Sample Clues[edit | edit source]

Table of Contents - Armenian Course - 0 to A1[edit source]

Sources[edit | edit source]

Other Lessons[edit | edit source]

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