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{{North-azerbaijani-Page-Top}}
{{North-azerbaijani-Page-Top}}
<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/North-azerbaijani|North Azerbaijani]]  → [[Language/North-azerbaijani/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/North-azerbaijani/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Prepositions and Conjunctions → Conjunctions</div>
<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/North-azerbaijani|North Azerbaijani]]  → [[Language/North-azerbaijani/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/North-azerbaijani/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Conjunctions</div>
 
Welcome to this exciting lesson on '''conjunctions''' in North Azerbaijani! Conjunctions are the glue that holds our sentences together. They help us connect words, phrases, and clauses, making our communication more fluid and coherent. In this lesson, we will explore different types of conjunctions, including coordinating, subordinating, and correlative conjunctions. Understanding these will enhance your ability to construct complex sentences and express your thoughts more clearly.
 
Throughout this lesson, we will provide numerous examples and practice exercises to help you grasp the concepts effectively. Let’s dive into the world of conjunctions and discover how they function in the North Azerbaijani language.


__TOC__
__TOC__


== Introduction ==
=== What Are Conjunctions? ===
 
Conjunctions are words that link other words, phrases, or clauses. They are essential in forming compound and complex sentences. In North Azerbaijani, conjunctions can be categorized into three main types:
 
* '''Coordinating Conjunctions''': These connect words, phrases, or independent clauses that are similar or equal in structure.
 
* '''Subordinating Conjunctions''': These introduce subordinate clauses and connect them to independent clauses.
 
* '''Correlative Conjunctions''': These work in pairs to join equal elements in a sentence.
 
Let’s break down each type with examples to illustrate their use.


In this lesson, we will explore the topic of conjunctions in North Azerbaijani. Conjunctions are essential in connecting words, phrases, and clauses in a sentence. They help to establish relationships between different parts of a sentence and convey logical connections. By understanding conjunctions, you will be able to construct more complex and coherent sentences in North Azerbaijani. This lesson is designed for students who have already covered the basic grammar concepts and are ready to delve deeper into the intricacies of the language.
=== Coordinating Conjunctions ===


Throughout this lesson, we will discuss the different types of conjunctions in North Azerbaijani, including coordinating, subordinating, and correlative conjunctions. We will examine their forms, usage, and provide numerous examples to illustrate each point. Additionally, we will explore any regional variations in the usage or understanding of conjunctions and share interesting cultural facts related to the topic.
Coordinating conjunctions join two or more elements of equal syntactic importance. The main coordinating conjunctions in North Azerbaijani are:


By the end of this lesson, you will have a solid understanding of conjunctions in North Azerbaijani and be able to use them effectively in your speech and writing.
* '''və (and)'''


== Coordinating Conjunctions ==
* '''amma (but)'''


Coordinating conjunctions are used to connect words, phrases, or independent clauses that are of equal importance within a sentence. They can be used to join nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, or complete sentences. In North Azerbaijani, there are seven coordinating conjunctions: "və" (and), "amma" (but), "lakin" (however), "amma lakin" (but, however), "ya" (or), "ya da" (or), and "de" (so).
* '''ya (or)'''


Let's take a closer look at each of these conjunctions and their usage:
* '''həm...həm də (both...and)'''


=== "və" (and) ===
==== Examples of Coordinating Conjunctions ====


The conjunction "və" is used to connect two or more words, phrases, or clauses that are similar or related in meaning. It signifies a continuation or addition of information. Here are some examples:
Here are some examples of how coordinating conjunctions are used in North Azerbaijani:


Examples:
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! North Azerbaijani !! Pronunciation !! English
! North Azerbaijani !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| Ali və Ayşə  || [ali ve̞ ɑjʃe̞] || Ali and Ayşə
 
| Mən kitab oxuyuram, '''və''' sən də oxuyursan. || Mæn kitab oxuyuram, '''væ''' sæn dæ oxuyursan. || I am reading a book, '''and''' you are reading too.
 
|-
|-
| sürətli və təhlükəsiz  || [su̞ɾe̞tli ve̞ tæhlyce̞si̞z] || fast and safe
 
| O çox gözəldir, '''amma''' mən onu sevmirəm. || O chox gözældir, '''æmmæ''' mæn onu sevmi ræmm. || He is very beautiful, '''but''' I don't love him.
 
|-
 
| '''Ya''' çay içirsiniz, '''ya''' da qəhvə. || '''Jæ''' chay içirsiniz, '''jæ''' dæ qəhvə. || You drink '''either''' tea '''or''' coffee.
 
|-
|-
| Məktəbə getdik və oxuduğumuz || [mækte̞bæ getdik ve̞ o̞xuduğumuz] || We went to school and studied
 
| '''Həm''' mən, '''həm də''' sən gələcəyik. || '''Hæm''' mæn, '''hæm dæ''' sæn gələcəyik. || '''Both''' I '''and''' you will come.
 
|}
|}


=== "amma" (but) ===
=== Subordinating Conjunctions ===


The conjunction "amma" is used to express contrast or opposition between two ideas. It is often used to present a contradictory statement after a positive or affirmative statement. Here are some examples:
Subordinating conjunctions connect an independent clause with a dependent (subordinate) clause. Some common subordinating conjunctions in North Azerbaijani include:
 
* '''ki (that)'''
 
* '''çünki (because)'''
 
* '''nəticədə (so)'''
 
* '''əgər (if)'''
 
==== Examples of Subordinating Conjunctions ====
 
Let’s see some examples of subordinating conjunctions in action:


Examples:
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! North Azerbaijani !! Pronunciation !! English
! North Azerbaijani !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| Gəl, amma qısa qal || [gæl, æmmæ qɯ̞sæ qɑl] || Come, but stay for a short time
 
| Mən bilirdim '''ki''' sən gələcəkdin. || Mæn bilirdim '''ki''' sæn gələcəkdɪn. || I knew '''that''' you would come.
 
|-
|-
| Mən ağaçı sənə vermədim, amma sən almaq istəyirsən || [mæn æɣɑtʃɯ̞ sənæ ve̞ɾmædim, æmmæ sən ælmɑq istæjɯ̞ɾsæn] || I didn't give you the tree, but you want to buy it
 
| Mən yoruldum, '''çünki''' çox işlədim. || Mæn yoruldum, '''chünki''' chox işlədim. || I am tired '''because''' I worked a lot.
 
|-
|-
| Mən işə getdim, amma sən yatırsan || [mæn is̝æ getdim, æmmæ sən jætɯ̞ɾsæn] || I went to work, but you are sleeping
|}


=== "lakin" (however) ===
| '''Nəticədə''', o, imtahanı keçdi. || '''Nætijædæ''', o, imtahanı keçdi. || '''So''', he passed the exam.


The conjunction "lakin" is used to introduce a contrasting or contradictory statement. It is similar in meaning to "amma," but it is more formal and emphasizes the contrast between two ideas. Here are some examples:
|-
 
| '''Əgər''' hava yaxşı olarsa, piknik edəcəyik. || '''Ægər''' hava yæxşi olarsa, piknik edəcəyik. || '''If''' the weather is good, we will have a picnic.


Examples:
{| class="wikitable"
! North Azerbaijani !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| İndi uzaqda deyiləm, lakin yaxın da deyiləm || [indi u̞zɑqdɑ de̞jilæm, lækin jɑxɯ̞n dɑ de̞jilæm] || I'm not far now, but I'm not close either
|-
| Sən mənim dostumsan, lakin mən sənin dostun deyiləm || [sən mænim dostumsæn, lækin mæn sənin dostun de̞jilæm] || You are my friend, but I am not your friend
|}
|}


=== "amma lakin" (but, however) ===
=== Correlative Conjunctions ===
 
Correlative conjunctions work in pairs to connect equivalent elements. Some common correlative conjunctions in North Azerbaijani are:


The conjunction "amma lakin" is used to introduce a contradictory statement or to express a contrast between two ideas. It combines the meanings of "amma" and "lakin" and is commonly used in spoken language. Here are some examples:
* '''ya...ya (either...or)'''


Examples:
* '''həm...həm (both...and)'''
{| class="wikitable"
 
! North Azerbaijani !! Pronunciation !! English
* '''nə...nə (neither...nor)'''
|-
| Mən yemək istəyirəm, amma lakin aç deyiləm || [mæn jæmæk istæjɯ̞ɾæm, æmmæ lɑkin ætʃ de̞jilæm] || I want to eat, but I'm not hungry
|-
| Sənə mənəmə vermədim, amma lakin sən almaq istəyirsən || [sənæ mænæmæ ve̞ɾmædim, æmmæ lɑkin sən ælmɑq istæjɯ̞ɾsæn] || I didn't give it to you, but you want to buy it
|}


=== "ya" (or) ===
==== Examples of Correlative Conjunctions ====


The conjunction "ya" is used to present a choice or alternative between two or more options. It is similar in meaning to the English word "or." Here are some examples:
Here are examples of correlative conjunctions used in sentences:


Examples:
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! North Azerbaijani !! Pronunciation !! English
! North Azerbaijani !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| Gəl ya get || [gæl jɑ gæt] || Come or go
 
| '''Ya''' sən gəlirsən, '''ya''' da mən getməliyəm. || '''Jæ''' sæn gəlirsən, '''jæ''' dæ mæn getmæli jæm. || '''Either''' you come, '''or''' I have to go.
 
|-
|-
| Məktəbə gedirik ya yoxsa işə || [mækte̞bæ gædiɾik jɑ joxsæ is̝æ] || We are going to school or to work
 
| '''Həm''' kitabı aldım, '''həm''' də qələmi. || '''Hæm''' kitabı aldım, '''hæm''' dæ qælæmi. || I bought '''both''' the book '''and''' the pen.
 
|-
|-
| Sən buraya ya get, ya da mənə zəng et || [sən bu̞ɾæjæ jɑ gæt, jɑ dæ mænæ zæŋ æt] || Either come here or call me
 
| O, '''nə''' gözəl, '''nə''' də müdrikdir. || O, '''næ''' gözæl, '''næ''' dæ müdrikdir. || He is '''neither''' beautiful '''nor''' wise.
 
|}
|}


=== "ya da" (or) ===
=== Practice Exercises ===
 
Now that we've covered the theory and examples, it's time to practice what you've learned! Below are ten exercises designed to help you apply your knowledge of conjunctions.
 
==== Exercise 1: Fill in the Blanks ====
 
Complete the sentences with the appropriate coordinating conjunction (və, amma, ya).
 
1. Mən kitab oxuyuram, ______ sən film izləyirsən.
 
2. O çox çalışır, ______ hələ də imtahanı keçə bilmir.
 
3. ______ sən gəlirsən, ______ mən evdə qalacağam.
 
'''Solutions:'''
 
1. və
 
2. amma
 
3. Ya...ya
 
==== Exercise 2: Choose the Right Conjunction ====
 
Select the correct subordinating conjunction (ki, çünki, nəticədə, əgər).
 
1. Mən düşündüm ______ o, mənim dostumdur.
 
2. Bugün işə gedə bilmirəm ______ xəstəyəm.
 
3. ______ yağış yağarsa, evdə qalmalıyıq.
 
'''Solutions:'''
 
1. ki
 
2. çünki
 
3. Əgər
 
==== Exercise 3: Forming Sentences ====
 
Create sentences using the given conjunctions:
 
1. (həm...həm də) / kitab / qələm
 
2. (ya...ya) / gəlmək / getmək
 
3. (nə...nə) / gözəl / müdrik
 
'''Solutions:'''


The conjunction "ya da" is also used to present a choice or alternative, similar to "ya." However, "ya da" is used when there are more than two options. Here are some examples:
1. Mən həm kitabı, həm də qələmi aldım.


Examples:
2. Ya sən gəlirsən, ya da mən getməliyəm.
{| class="wikitable"
! North Azerbaijani !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| Gəl, ya da get || [gæl, jɑ dæ gæt] || Come or go
|-
| Bu kitabı al ya da kirayə götür || [bu̞ kitæbɯ̞ æl jɑ dæ kiɾæjæ gøtʊɾ] || Buy this book or rent it
|-
| Sən dərsə gedirik, ya da sənə yardım edək || [sən dæɾs̝æ gædiɾik, jɑ dæ sənæ jæɾdæm edæk] || We are going to the lesson, or we can help you
|}


=== "de" (so) ===
3. O, nə gözəl, nə də müdrikdir.


The conjunction "de" is used to express a consequence, purpose, or result. It is often used to indicate the reason or justification for an action or state. Here are some examples:
==== Exercise 4: Translation Practice ====


Examples:
Translate the following sentences into North Azerbaijani using appropriate conjunctions.
{| class="wikitable"
! North Azerbaijani !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| Bu kitabı oxu, de öyrənəcəksən || [bu̞ kitæbɯ̞ o̞xu, de̞ øjɾænædʒæksæn] || Read this book, so you will learn
|-
| Sən işıqları söndür, de yat || [sən is̝ɯ̞qlæɾɯ̞ sø̞n̞d̪uɾ, de̞ jæt] || Turn off the lights, so you can sleep
|-
| Mənə kömək et, de qal || [mænæ kø̞mæk e̞t, de̞ qɑl] || Help me, so you can stay
|}


== Subordinating Conjunctions ==
1. I am tired, but I will continue.


Subordinating conjunctions are used to introduce dependent clauses, which cannot stand alone as complete sentences. These conjunctions establish a relationship between the dependent clause and the main clause, indicating time, cause, condition, concession, purpose, or result. In North Azerbaijani, there are several subordinating conjunctions, including "ki" (that), "ki" (because, since), "əgər" (if), "əgər ki" (if), "hər ki" (every time that), "səbəbdi ki" (because), and "müddəti ilə ki" (as long as).
2. If it rains, I will stay home.


Let's explore each of these subordinating conjunctions and their usage:
3. Both my brother and my sister are coming.


=== "ki" (that) ===
'''Solutions:'''


The subordinating conjunction "ki" is used to introduce a dependent clause that provides additional information or elaborates on the main clause. It is often used after verbs of thinking, saying, knowing, or perceiving. Here are some examples:
1. Mən yorğunam, amma davam edəcəyəm.


Examples:
2. Əgər yağış yağarsa, evdə qalacağam.
{| class="wikitable"
! North Azerbaijani !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| Bildim ki, sən gələcəksən || [bildim ki, sən gælædʒækʃæn] || I knew that you would come
|-
| Sən mənə dedin ki, gəl || [sən mænæ dedin ki, gæl] || You told me that you would come
|-
| Bilmirdim ki, o burada idi || [bilmirdim ki, o bu̞ɾædæ idi] || I didn't know that he was here
|}


=== "ki" (because, since) ===
3. Həm qardaşım, həm də bacım gəlir.


The subordinating conjunction "ki" can also be used to introduce a dependent clause that indicates the reason or cause for the main clause. It is similar in meaning to the English conjunctions "because" or "since." Here are some examples:
==== Exercise 5: Sentence Correction ====


Examples:
Find and correct the errors in the following sentences.
{| class="wikitable"
! North Azerbaijani !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| Getməliyəm, ki işim var || [getmælijæm, ki iʃim vɑɾ] || I have to go because I have work
|-
| İndi oxumaq mənim üçün əlamətdir, ki imtahanda uğurlu olum || [indi o̞xumæq mænim yutʃʊn ælæmetdiɾ, ki imtæhændæ uʁu̯u̯lu̯ o̞lum] || Studying now is important for me since I want to succeed in the exam
|-
| Sən bura gəl, ki burada çox maraqlı məkanlar var || [sən bu̞ɾæ gæl, ki bu̞ɾædæ tʃox mæɾɑqlɯ̞ məkænlæɾ vɑɾ] || Come here because there are many interesting places here
|}


=== "əgər" (if) ===
1. Mən kitab oxuyuram amma sən film izləyirsən.


The subordinating conjunction "əgər" is used to introduce a conditional clause. It indicates that the action or event in the main clause can only occur if the condition in the dependent clause is true. Here are some examples:
2. O gözəl ki, mən onu sevirəm.


Examples:
3. Nə mən, nə də sən gələcəyik.
{| class="wikitable"
! North Azerbaijani !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| Əgər gəlirsən, sənə yemək verəcəm || [ægæɾ gæliɾs̝æn, sənæ jemæk ve̞ɾædʒæm] || If you come, I will give you food
|-
| Əgər ki, mən qazanırsam, sənə hədiyyə alacam || [ægæɾ ki, mæn qɑzænɯ̞ɾsæm, sənæ hædijæ ælædʒæm] || If I win, I will buy you a gift
|-
| Əgər qalmaq istəyirsinizsə, mənə bildirin || [ægæɾ qɑlmɑq istæjɯ̞ɾsinizsæ, mænæ bildiɾin] || If you want to stay, let me know
|}


=== "əgər ki" (if) ===
'''Solutions:'''


The subordinating conjunction "əgər ki" is also used to introduce a conditional clause. It is similar in meaning to "əgər," but adds emphasis to the condition. Here are some examples:
1. Mən kitab oxuyuram, amma sən film izləyirsən. (Add a comma before 'amma')


Examples:
2. O gözəldir ki, mən onu sevirəm. (Change the structure)
{| class="wikitable"
! North Azerbaijani !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| Əgər ki, sən gəlirsən, mən də gələcəm || [ægæɾ ki, sən gæliɾs̝æn, mæn dæ gælædʒæm] || If you come, I will come too
|-
| Əgər ki, sənə lazım olsa, mən sənə kömək edərəm || [ægæɾ ki, sənæ læzɯ̞m o̞ls̝æ, mæn sənæ kø̞mæk edæɾæm] || If you need it, I will help you
|-
| Əgər ki, burada yer açılsın, mən biraz gözləyərəm || [ægæɾ ki, bu̞ɾædæ jæɾ ætʃɯ̞ls̝æn, mæn biɾɑz gö̞zlæjæɾæm] || If there is space available here, I will wait a bit
|}


=== "hər ki" (every time that) ===
3. Nə mən, nə də sən gələcəyik. (This is correct.)


The subordinating conjunction "hər ki" is used to introduce a dependent clause that indicates a repeated or habitual action. It is similar in meaning to "every time that" in English. Here are some examples:
==== Exercise 6: Create Complex Sentences ====


Examples:
Link the following independent clauses using appropriate subordinating conjunctions.
{| class="wikitable"
! North Azerbaijani !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| Hər ki gələrsən, mən səni gözləyəcəm || [hæɾ ki gælæɾs̝æn, mæn səni gö̞zlæjædʒæm] || Every time you come, I will wait for you
|-
| Hər ki qapıdan keçərsən, mən səni gərək gözləyəcəm || [hæɾ ki qɑpɯ̞dæn ke̞tʃæɾs̝æn, mæn səni gæɾæk gö̞zlæjædʒæm] || Every time you pass by the door, I will definitely wait for you
|-
| Hər ki uzaqda olsan da, mən səni düşünəcəm || [hæɾ ki u̞zɑqdæ o̞ls̝æn dæ, mæn səni dys̝ynædʒæm] || Every time you are far away, I will think of you
|}


=== "səbəbdi ki" (because) ===
1. I am happy. You are my friend.


The subordinating conjunction "səbəbdi ki" is used to introduce a dependent clause that provides the reason or cause for the main clause. It is similar in meaning to "ki" (because) but adds emphasis to the reason. Here are some examples:
2. It is cold. We can go outside.


Examples:
3. She studied hard. She passed the exam.
{| class="wikitable"
! North Azerbaijani !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| Səbəbdi ki, həyatım dəyişdi || [səbæbd̪i ki, hæjætɯ̞m d̪æjɯ̞ʃd̪i] || It was because of that my life changed
|-
| Səbəbdi ki, onunlə heç görüşməmişəm || [səbæbd̪i ki, on̞un̞lə he̞tʃ ɡœ̞ɾyʃmæmiʃæm] || It was because of that I haven't met with him yet
|-
| Səbəbdi ki, səninlə danışmaq istəyirəm || [səbæbd̪i ki, səninlə d̪æn̞ɯ̞ʃmæq istæjɯ̞ɾæm] || It is because of you that I want to talk
|}


=== "müddəti ilə ki" (as long as) ===
'''Solutions:'''


The subordinating conjunction "müddəti ilə ki" is used to introduce a dependent clause that indicates a condition or requirement for the main clause to occur. It is similar in meaning to "as long as" in English. Here are some examples:
1. Mən xoşbəxtəm, çünki sən mənim dostumsan.


Examples:
2. Hava soyuqdur, amma biz çölə çıxa bilərik.
{| class="wikitable"
! North Azerbaijani !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| Müddəti ilə ki, mən burada olacam || [mʊd̪d̪æti i̯læ ki, mæn bu̞ɾæd̪æ o̞lædʒæm] || As long as you are here, I will stay
|-
| Müddəti ilə ki, sənə kömək edə bilərəm || [mʊd̪d̪æti i̯læ ki, sənæ kø̞mæk ed̪æ bilæɾæm] || As long as I can, I will help you
|-
| Müddəti ilə ki, işim bitməmişdir || [mʊd̪d̪æti i̯læ ki, iʃim bit̪mæmiʃdiɾ] || As long as my work is not finished
|}


== Correlative Conjunctions ==
3. O, çox çalışdı, nəticədə imtahanı keçdi.


Correlative conjunctions are used in pairs to join words, phrases, or clauses within a sentence. They establish a relationship between two or more elements and help to create a balanced and cohesive structure. In North Azerbaijani, there are several correlative conjunctions, including "neçə...neçə" (both...and), "ya...ya" (either...or), "ya...ya da" (either...or), "hem...hem də" (both...and), "hem də...hem də" (not only...but also), and "nə...nə" (neither...nor).
==== Exercise 7: Match the Conjunctions ====


Let's explore each of these correlative conjunctions and their usage:
Match the North Azerbaijani conjunctions with their English equivalents.


=== "neçə...neçə" (both...and) ===
| North Azerbaijani | English |


The correlative conjunction "neçə...neçə" is used to join two elements that are related and occur together. It is similar in meaning to the English phrase "both...and." Here are some examples:
|-------------------|---------|


Examples:
| Və                | And    |
{| class="wikitable"
! North Azerbaijani !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| Neçə dostum, neçə də düşmənim var || [nætʃæ dost̪um, nætʃæ d̪æ dys̝mænim vɑɾ] || I have both friends and enemies
|-
| Neçə dil bilmək, neçə də mənəfətli ola bilər || [nætʃæ dil bilmæk, nætʃæ d̪æ mæn̞æfæt̪li o̞læ bilæɾ] || Knowing multiple languages can be both beneficial
|-
| Neçə kitab oxu, neçə də səbəbini anla || [nætʃæ kitæb o̞xu, nætʃæ d̪æ s̝æbæbin̞i ænlæ] || Read both books and understand the reasons
|}


=== "ya...ya" (either...or) ===
| Amma              | But    |


The correlative conjunction "ya...ya" is used to present a choice or alternative between two elements. It is similar in meaning to the English phrase "either...or." Here are some examples:
| Ya                | Or      |


Examples:
| Ki                | That    |
{| class="wikitable"
! North Azerbaijani !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| Ya gələcəksən, ya da qalacaqsan || [jɑ gælædʒæksæn, jɑ d̪æ qælædʒæɾæksæn] || Either you will come or you will stay
|-
| Ya məktəbə get, ya da işə || [jɑ mækt̪æbæ gæt, jɑ d̪æ iʃæ] || Either go to school or go to work
|-
| Ya gərək oxu, ya da yaz || [jɑ gæɾæk o̞xu, jɑ d̪æ jɑz] || Either read or write
|}


=== "ya...ya da" (either...or) ===
'''Solutions:'''


The correlative conjunction "ya...ya da" is also used to present a choice or alternative between two or more elements. It is similar in meaning to "ya...ya" but is used when there are more than two options. Here are some examples:
1. Və - And


Examples:
2. Amma - But
{| class="wikitable"
! North Azerbaijani !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| Ya gəl, ya da get || [jɑ gæl, jɑ d̪æ gæt] || Either come or go
|-
| Ya kitabı al, ya da kirayə götür || [jɑ kit̪æbɯ̞ æl, jɑ d̪æ kɪɾæjæ gøtʊɾ] || Either buy the book or rent it
|-
| Ya dərslərə get, ya da sənə kömək edək || [jɑ d̪æɾslæɾæ gæt, jɑ d̪æ sənæ kø̞mæk ed̪æk] || Either go to the lessons or we can help you
|}


=== "hem...hem də" (both...and) ===
3. Ya - Or


The correlative conjunction "hem...hem də" is used to join two elements that occur together and are not mutually exclusive. It is similar in meaning to the English phrase "both...and." Here are some examples:
4. Ki - That


Examples:
==== Exercise 8: Identify the Conjunction ====
{| class="wikitable"
! North Azerbaijani !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| Hem dostum, hem də məşqçim buradadır || [hem dost̪um, hem d̪æ mæʃqʧim bu̞ɾæd̪æd̪ɯ̞ɾ] || Both my friend and my coach are here
|-
| Hem yemək yedim, hem də içki || [hem jemæk jædim, hem d̪æ itʃki] || I ate both food and drank alcohol
|-
| Hem kitab oxu, hem də məqalə yaz || [hem kit̪æb o̞xu, hem d̪æ mæqælæ jɑz] || Both read books and write articles
|}


=== "hem də...hem də" (not only...but also) ===
Read the sentences and identify the type of conjunction used (coordinating, subordinating, or correlative).


The correlative conjunction "hem də...hem də" is used to join two elements that occur together and emphasize their coexistence. It is similar in meaning to the English phrase "not only...but also." Here are some examples:
1. Mən çay içirəm, amma sən qəhvə içirsən.


Examples:
2. O, ki, mənim dostumdur.
{| class="wikitable"
! North Azerbaijani !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| Hem də dostum, hem də düşmənim var || [hem d̪æ dost̪um, hem d̪æ dys̝mænim vɑɾ] || Not only do I have friends, but I also have enemies
|-
| Hem də oxuyuram, hem də işləyirəm || [hem d̪æ o̞xu̯ujɯ̞ɾæm, hem d̪æ iʃlæjɯ̞ɾæm] || Not only do I study, but I also work
|-
| Hem də kitab oxuyuram, hem də məqalələr yazıram || [hem d̪æ kit̪æb o̞xujɯ̞ɾæm, hem d̪æ mæqælælæɾ jɑzɯ̞ɾæm] || Not only do I read books, but I also write articles
|}


=== "nə...nə" (neither...nor) ===
3. Həm o, həm də mən gələcəyik.


The correlative conjunction "nə...nə" is used to express the negative form of "both...and." It indicates that neither of the elements mentioned occurs. It is similar in meaning to the English phrase "neither...nor." Here are some examples:
'''Solutions:'''


Examples:
1. Coordinating
{| class="wikitable"
! North Azerbaijani !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| Nə dostum, nə də düşmənim var || [næ dys̝t̪um, næ d̪æ dys̝mænim vɑɾ] || I have neither friends nor enemies
|-
| Nə kitab oxuyuram, nə də məqalə yazıram || [næ kit̪æb o̞xujɯ̞ɾæm, næ d̪æ mæqælæ jɑzɯ̞ɾæm] || I neither read books nor write articles
|-
| Nə məktəbə gedirəm, nə də işə || [næ mækt̪æbæ gædiɾæm, næ d̪æ iʃæ] || I neither go to school nor go to work
|}


== Cultural Insights ==
2. Subordinating


In North Azerbaijani culture, the use of conjunctions reflects the values and communication style of the people. The language places a strong emphasis on clarity and logical connections between ideas. Conjunctions help to establish these connections and ensure that the meaning of a sentence is conveyed accurately. North Azerbaijani speakers often prefer to use coordinating conjunctions to join words, phrases, or clauses in a sentence, as it allows them to express different ideas with precision and coherence.
3. Correlative


Additionally, the use of correlative conjunctions in North Azerbaijani reflects the cultural emphasis on balance and harmony. North Azerbaijani speakers appreciate the symmetry and structure that correlative conjunctions provide in a sentence. By using pairs of conjunctions, they create a sense of completeness and unity in their communication.
==== Exercise 9: Sentence Transformation ====


It is also worth noting that the choice of conjunctions can vary slightly between different regions of North Azerbaijan. Some regions may have slight variations in the usage or understanding of certain conjunctions, influenced by local dialects or historical factors. These regional variations add richness and diversity to the language, showcasing the cultural heritage of different communities within North Azerbaijan.
Transform the sentences using the opposite conjunction.


== Practice Exercises ==
1. I can go, or I can stay. (Use "either...or")


Now, let's apply what we have learned about conjunctions in North Azerbaijani through some practice exercises. Choose the appropriate conjunction to complete each sentence.
2. She is neither tall nor short. (Use "both...and")


Exercise 1: Coordinating Conjunctions
'''Solutions:'''
1. Ali ___ Ayşə gəlir. (Ali and Ayşə are coming.)
2. Sürətli ___ təhlükəsiz get. (Go fast and safely.)
3. Məktəbə getdik ___ oxuduğumuz. (We went to school and studied.)


Exercise 2: Subordinating Conjunctions
1. Ya gedə bilərəm, ya da qala bilərəm.
1. Bildim ___, sən gələcəksən. (I knew that you would come.)
2. Getməliyəm, ___ işim var. (I have to go because I have work.)
3. Əgər ki, mən qazanırsam, ___ sənə hədiyyə alacam. (If I win, I will buy you a gift.)


Exercise 3: Correlative Conjunctions
2. O, nə uzun, nə də qısa deyil. (This is correct as is.)
1. Neçə dostum, ___ düşmənim var. (I have both friends and enemies.)
2. Ya gələcəksən, ___ qalacaqsan. (Either you will come or you will stay.)
3. Hem dostum, ___ məşqçim buradadır. (Both my friend and my coach are here.)


Solutions:
==== Exercise 10: Write Your Own Sentences ====
Exercise 1:
1. və
2. və
3. və


Exercise 2:
Write three sentences using at least one conjunction from each category introduced in this lesson.  
1. ki
2. ki
3. əgər ki


Exercise 3:
'''Example Solutions:'''
1. hem də
2. ya
3. hem də


== Conclusion ==
1. Mən kitab oxuyuram, '''amma''' sən film izləyirsən.


In this lesson, we have explored the topic of conjunctions in North Azerbaijani. We have learned about coordinating, subordinating, and correlative conjunctions and their usage in the language. By understanding the different types of conjunctions, you will be able to create more complex and coherent sentences in North Azerbaijani.
2. '''Çünki''' hava soyuqdur, evdə qalacağam.


Remember to practice using conjunctions in your speech and writing to reinforce your understanding of the topic. As you continue your language learning journey, pay attention to the use of conjunctions in native North Azerbaijani speakers' conversations and writings. This will help you further develop your skills and fluency in the language.
3. '''Nə''' o, '''nə''' də mən gəlməyəcəyik.


Congratulations on completing this lesson on conjunctions in North Azerbaijani! You are one step closer to becoming proficient in the language and reaching your goal of achieving an A1 level. Keep up the great work!
As you practice these exercises, don't hesitate to revisit the examples provided. Remember, understanding conjunctions will greatly enhance your ability to express complex ideas in North Azerbaijani. Happy learning!


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Latest revision as of 00:42, 2 August 2024

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North Azerbaijani → Grammar → 0 to A1 Course → Conjunctions

Welcome to this exciting lesson on conjunctions in North Azerbaijani! Conjunctions are the glue that holds our sentences together. They help us connect words, phrases, and clauses, making our communication more fluid and coherent. In this lesson, we will explore different types of conjunctions, including coordinating, subordinating, and correlative conjunctions. Understanding these will enhance your ability to construct complex sentences and express your thoughts more clearly.

Throughout this lesson, we will provide numerous examples and practice exercises to help you grasp the concepts effectively. Let’s dive into the world of conjunctions and discover how they function in the North Azerbaijani language.

What Are Conjunctions?[edit | edit source]

Conjunctions are words that link other words, phrases, or clauses. They are essential in forming compound and complex sentences. In North Azerbaijani, conjunctions can be categorized into three main types:

  • Coordinating Conjunctions: These connect words, phrases, or independent clauses that are similar or equal in structure.
  • Subordinating Conjunctions: These introduce subordinate clauses and connect them to independent clauses.
  • Correlative Conjunctions: These work in pairs to join equal elements in a sentence.

Let’s break down each type with examples to illustrate their use.

Coordinating Conjunctions[edit | edit source]

Coordinating conjunctions join two or more elements of equal syntactic importance. The main coordinating conjunctions in North Azerbaijani are:

  • və (and)
  • amma (but)
  • ya (or)
  • həm...həm də (both...and)

Examples of Coordinating Conjunctions[edit | edit source]

Here are some examples of how coordinating conjunctions are used in North Azerbaijani:

North Azerbaijani Pronunciation English
Mən kitab oxuyuram, və sən də oxuyursan. Mæn kitab oxuyuram, væ sæn dæ oxuyursan. I am reading a book, and you are reading too.
O çox gözəldir, amma mən onu sevmirəm. O chox gözældir, æmmæ mæn onu sevmi ræmm. He is very beautiful, but I don't love him.
Ya çay içirsiniz, ya da qəhvə. Jæ chay içirsiniz, jæ dæ qəhvə. You drink either tea or coffee.
Həm mən, həm də sən gələcəyik. Hæm mæn, hæm dæ sæn gələcəyik. Both I and you will come.

Subordinating Conjunctions[edit | edit source]

Subordinating conjunctions connect an independent clause with a dependent (subordinate) clause. Some common subordinating conjunctions in North Azerbaijani include:

  • ki (that)
  • çünki (because)
  • nəticədə (so)
  • əgər (if)

Examples of Subordinating Conjunctions[edit | edit source]

Let’s see some examples of subordinating conjunctions in action:

North Azerbaijani Pronunciation English
Mən bilirdim ki sən gələcəkdin. Mæn bilirdim ki sæn gələcəkdɪn. I knew that you would come.
Mən yoruldum, çünki çox işlədim. Mæn yoruldum, chünki chox işlədim. I am tired because I worked a lot.
Nəticədə, o, imtahanı keçdi. Nætijædæ, o, imtahanı keçdi. So, he passed the exam.
Əgər hava yaxşı olarsa, piknik edəcəyik. Ægər hava yæxşi olarsa, piknik edəcəyik. If the weather is good, we will have a picnic.

Correlative Conjunctions[edit | edit source]

Correlative conjunctions work in pairs to connect equivalent elements. Some common correlative conjunctions in North Azerbaijani are:

  • ya...ya (either...or)
  • həm...həm (both...and)
  • nə...nə (neither...nor)

Examples of Correlative Conjunctions[edit | edit source]

Here are examples of correlative conjunctions used in sentences:

North Azerbaijani Pronunciation English
Ya sən gəlirsən, ya da mən getməliyəm. Jæ sæn gəlirsən, jæ dæ mæn getmæli jæm. Either you come, or I have to go.
Həm kitabı aldım, həm də qələmi. Hæm kitabı aldım, hæm dæ qælæmi. I bought both the book and the pen.
O, nə gözəl, nə də müdrikdir. O, næ gözæl, næ dæ müdrikdir. He is neither beautiful nor wise.

Practice Exercises[edit | edit source]

Now that we've covered the theory and examples, it's time to practice what you've learned! Below are ten exercises designed to help you apply your knowledge of conjunctions.

Exercise 1: Fill in the Blanks[edit | edit source]

Complete the sentences with the appropriate coordinating conjunction (və, amma, ya).

1. Mən kitab oxuyuram, ______ sən film izləyirsən.

2. O çox çalışır, ______ hələ də imtahanı keçə bilmir.

3. ______ sən gəlirsən, ______ mən evdə qalacağam.

Solutions:

1. və

2. amma

3. Ya...ya

Exercise 2: Choose the Right Conjunction[edit | edit source]

Select the correct subordinating conjunction (ki, çünki, nəticədə, əgər).

1. Mən düşündüm ______ o, mənim dostumdur.

2. Bugün işə gedə bilmirəm ______ xəstəyəm.

3. ______ yağış yağarsa, evdə qalmalıyıq.

Solutions:

1. ki

2. çünki

3. Əgər

Exercise 3: Forming Sentences[edit | edit source]

Create sentences using the given conjunctions:

1. (həm...həm də) / kitab / qələm

2. (ya...ya) / gəlmək / getmək

3. (nə...nə) / gözəl / müdrik

Solutions:

1. Mən həm kitabı, həm də qələmi aldım.

2. Ya sən gəlirsən, ya da mən getməliyəm.

3. O, nə gözəl, nə də müdrikdir.

Exercise 4: Translation Practice[edit | edit source]

Translate the following sentences into North Azerbaijani using appropriate conjunctions.

1. I am tired, but I will continue.

2. If it rains, I will stay home.

3. Both my brother and my sister are coming.

Solutions:

1. Mən yorğunam, amma davam edəcəyəm.

2. Əgər yağış yağarsa, evdə qalacağam.

3. Həm qardaşım, həm də bacım gəlir.

Exercise 5: Sentence Correction[edit | edit source]

Find and correct the errors in the following sentences.

1. Mən kitab oxuyuram amma sən film izləyirsən.

2. O gözəl ki, mən onu sevirəm.

3. Nə mən, nə də sən gələcəyik.

Solutions:

1. Mən kitab oxuyuram, amma sən film izləyirsən. (Add a comma before 'amma')

2. O gözəldir ki, mən onu sevirəm. (Change the structure)

3. Nə mən, nə də sən gələcəyik. (This is correct.)

Exercise 6: Create Complex Sentences[edit | edit source]

Link the following independent clauses using appropriate subordinating conjunctions.

1. I am happy. You are my friend.

2. It is cold. We can go outside.

3. She studied hard. She passed the exam.

Solutions:

1. Mən xoşbəxtəm, çünki sən mənim dostumsan.

2. Hava soyuqdur, amma biz çölə çıxa bilərik.

3. O, çox çalışdı, nəticədə imtahanı keçdi.

Exercise 7: Match the Conjunctions[edit | edit source]

Match the North Azerbaijani conjunctions with their English equivalents.

| North Azerbaijani | English |

|-------------------|---------|

| Və | And |

| Amma | But |

| Ya | Or |

| Ki | That |

Solutions:

1. Və - And

2. Amma - But

3. Ya - Or

4. Ki - That

Exercise 8: Identify the Conjunction[edit | edit source]

Read the sentences and identify the type of conjunction used (coordinating, subordinating, or correlative).

1. Mən çay içirəm, amma sən qəhvə içirsən.

2. O, ki, mənim dostumdur.

3. Həm o, həm də mən gələcəyik.

Solutions:

1. Coordinating

2. Subordinating

3. Correlative

Exercise 9: Sentence Transformation[edit | edit source]

Transform the sentences using the opposite conjunction.

1. I can go, or I can stay. (Use "either...or")

2. She is neither tall nor short. (Use "both...and")

Solutions:

1. Ya gedə bilərəm, ya da qala bilərəm.

2. O, nə uzun, nə də qısa deyil. (This is correct as is.)

Exercise 10: Write Your Own Sentences[edit | edit source]

Write three sentences using at least one conjunction from each category introduced in this lesson.

Example Solutions:

1. Mən kitab oxuyuram, amma sən film izləyirsən.

2. Çünki hava soyuqdur, evdə qalacağam.

3. Nə o, nə də mən gəlməyəcəyik.

As you practice these exercises, don't hesitate to revisit the examples provided. Remember, understanding conjunctions will greatly enhance your ability to express complex ideas in North Azerbaijani. Happy learning!

Table of Contents - North Azerbaijani Course - 0 to A1[edit source]


Greetings and Introductions


Alphabet and Pronunciation


Numbers and Time


Nouns and Pronouns


Family and Relationships


Verbs and Tenses


Food and Dining


Adjectives and Adverbs


Travel and Transportation


Prepositions and Conjunctions


Hobbies and Leisure Activities


Questions and Negation


North Azerbaijani Culture


Other Lessons[edit | edit source]


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