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<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Slovenian|Slovenian]]  → [[Language/Slovenian/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Slovenian/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Complex sentences and subordinations</div>


<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Slovenian|Slovenian]]  → [[Language/Slovenian/Grammar|Grammar]] → Complex sentences and subordinations</div>
Welcome to this engaging lesson on '''complex sentences and subordinations''' in Slovenian! Understanding how to form complex sentences is essential for any language learner, as it allows you to express more nuanced thoughts and ideas. Complex sentences are the backbone of sophisticated communication, enabling you to connect different ideas and convey relationships between them.
 
In this lesson, we will explore the following key areas:


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As a Slovenian language teacher with over 20 years of experience, I’ve come to appreciate the beauty and complexity of Slovenian grammar. In this lesson, we will delve deeper into intermediate grammar and communication, specifically focusing on complex sentences and subordinations. By the end of this lesson, students will learn how to form complex sentences in Slovenian, including relative and causative clauses, and subordinate conjunctions, such as if, when, and because.  
=== Importance of Complex Sentences ===
 
Complex sentences allow you to convey more information and express relationships between different ideas. They enhance your speaking and writing skills, making your Slovenian sound more natural and fluid. By mastering complex sentences, you'll be able to share your thoughts, opinions, and experiences in a much richer way.
 
=== Structure of the Lesson ===
 
1. '''Understanding Complex Sentences'''
 
* Definition and components
 
* Types of subordinate clauses
 
2. '''Relative Clauses'''
 
* Formation and usage
 
* Examples
 
3. '''Causative Clauses'''
 
* Formation and usage
 
* Examples
 
4. '''Subordinate Conjunctions'''
 
* Common conjunctions: if, when, because
 
* Examples
 
5. '''Exercises and Practice Scenarios'''


== Complex Sentences ==
* Applying what you've learned


Complex sentences, also known as compound-complex sentences, are sentences that contain at least two clauses, a main clause, and a subordinate clause. The main clause is the most important part of the sentence, conveying the main idea, while the subordinate clause adds extra information.
* Solutions and explanations


A subordinate clause can function in different ways within a complex sentence. It can act as an adjective, an adverb, or a noun. Let's dive into each of these functions in more detail.
== Understanding Complex Sentences ==


=== Relative Clauses ===
Complex sentences consist of one main clause and one or more subordinate clauses. A '''main clause''' can stand alone as a complete sentence, while a '''subordinate clause''' cannot. Subordinate clauses add depth to your sentences, providing additional information and context.


Relative clauses are subordinate clauses that function as adjectives, providing additional information about a noun or pronoun in the main clause. Relative clauses always begin with a relative pronoun or adverb, such as "who", "whom", "whose", "which", and "that."
=== Types of Subordinate Clauses ===


Here is an example of a relative clause in Slovenian:
There are several types of subordinate clauses in Slovenian:
 
* '''Relative clauses''': used to provide additional information about a noun.
 
* '''Causative clauses''': used to express reasons or causes.
 
* '''Conditional clauses''': used to express conditions or hypothetical situations.
 
== Relative Clauses ==
 
Relative clauses in Slovenian are introduced by relative pronouns such as "ki" (who/that) and "kar" (which/what). They provide more detail about the noun they modify.
 
=== Formation and Usage ===
 
To form a relative clause, you typically follow this structure:
 
* Main clause + relative pronoun + subordinate clause.
 
Here are some examples:


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Slovenian !! Pronunciation !! English
! Slovenian !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| Moja sestra, ki živi v Ljubljani, je učiteljica. || Moya sestra, ki zhivi v Lyublyani, ye uchetelitsa. || My sister, who lives in Ljubljana, is a teacher.
|-
|-
| Knjiga, ki sem jo prebral. || [knjíga kí sem yo prebrrral] || The book that I read.
 
| Avto, ki ga vozi Marko, je nov. || Avto, ki ga vozi Marko, ye nov. || The car that Marko drives is new.
 
|-
 
| Knjiga, ki sem jo prebrala, je zanimiva. || Knyiga, ki sem yo prebrala, ye zanimiva. || The book that I read is interesting.
 
|-
 
| Hiša, ki jo prenavljajo, je velika. || Hisha, ki yo prenavlyajo, ye velika. || The house that they are renovating is big.
 
|-
 
| Pes, ki laja, je moj. || Pes, ki laya, ye moy. || The dog that is barking is mine.
 
|}
|}


In this example, "ki" is the relative pronoun meaning "that" or "who". The relative clause "ki sem jo prebral" modifies the noun "knjiga" (book). Notice how the verb "prebral" (read) agrees with the gender and number of "knjiga". This is a characteristic feature of Slovenian grammar.
== Causative Clauses ==


=== Causative Clauses ===
Causative clauses express reasons or causes and often start with conjunctions like "ker" (because) or "saj" (since).


Causative clauses are subordinate clauses that indicate why something has happened or will happen. In Slovenian, causative clauses usually begin with the subordinating conjunctions "ker" (because) or "zato ker" (therefore).
=== Formation and Usage ===


Here is an example of a causative clause in Slovenian:
The structure typically follows:
 
* Main clause + causative conjunction + subordinate clause.
 
Here are some examples:


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Slovenian !! Pronunciation !! English
! Slovenian !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| Ne morem priti, ker imam obveznosti. || Ne moyrem preeti, ker imam obveznosti. || I can't come because I have obligations.
|-
|-
| Ljubim te, ker si tako smešen. || [ljoobeem te ker see tahko smeeshen] || I love you because you are so funny.
 
| On je srečen, ker je dobil službo. || On ye srechen, ker ye dobil sluzhbo. || He is happy because he got a job.
 
|-
 
| Ona ne je, saj je bolna. || Ona ne ye, say ye bolna. || She isn't eating because she is sick.
 
|-
 
| Učitelj je odšel, ker je bilo pozno. || Uchetel ye odshel, ker ye bilo pozno. || The teacher left because it was late.
 
|-
 
| Mislil sem, da bo deževalo, ker je bilo oblačno. || Misil sem, da bo dezhevalo, ker ye bilo oblachno. || I thought it would rain because it was cloudy.
 
|}
|}


In this example, "ker" is the subordinating conjunction meaning "because". The causative clause "ker si tako smešen" provides extra information about why the speaker loves the person addressed in the main clause.
== Subordinate Conjunctions ==
 
Subordinate conjunctions connect the main and subordinate clauses. Some common Slovenian subordinate conjunctions include:
 
* '''če''' (if)
 
* '''ko''' (when)


=== Subordinate Conjunctions ===
* '''ker''' (because)


Subordinate conjunctions are words that connect subordinate clauses to main clauses. They indicate relationships between different parts of the sentence, such as time, cause and effect, contrast, or condition.
=== Examples of Subordinate Conjunctions ===


Here are some examples of Slovenian subordinate conjunctions:
Here are examples demonstrating the use of different conjunctions:


* Ko – When
{| class="wikitable"
* Ker – Because
* Če – If
* Kot – Like
* Da – In order that
* Medtem ko – Meanwhile
* Čeprav – Although
* Ko pa – But when


It is important to note that the use of some subordinate conjunctions in Slovenian can be quite different from the use of the equivalent conjunctions in English. One example is "da", which can mean "in order that", but also "that" or "so that".
! Slovenian !! Pronunciation !! English


== Conclusion ==
|-


Congratulations on learning about complex sentences and subordinations in Slovenian. By mastering relative clauses, causative clauses and subordinate conjunctions, you will be able to construct more complex, diverse, and meaningful sentences. Keep practicing, and you will become more fluent and confident in your Slovenian communication skills.
| Če dežuje, ostanem doma. || Che dezhuje, ostanem doma. || If it rains, I stay home.
 
|-
 
| Ko pridem domov, bom pojedel. || Ko preedem domov, bom poyedel. || When I get home, I will eat.
 
|-
 
| Ker je utrujen, gre spat. || Ker ye utryuen, gre spat. || Because he is tired, he goes to sleep.
 
|-
 
| Če imaš čas, se vidiva. || Che imash chas, se vidiva. || If you have time, we will meet.
 
|-
 
| Ko se srečava, bova govorila. || Ko se sretchava, bova govorila. || When we meet, we will talk.
 
|}
 
== Exercises and Practice Scenarios ==
 
Now that we have covered the fundamental aspects of complex sentences and subordinations, it's time to practice! Here are some exercises for you to apply your newfound knowledge.
 
=== Exercise 1: Fill in the Blanks ===
 
Complete the sentences with the correct relative pronoun (ki, kar).
 
1. Moja mama, ___ dela v bolnišnici, je zaskrbljena.
 
2. Knjiga, ___ sem jo kupil, je odlična.
 
3. Avto, ___ ga vozi Ana, je star.
 
4. Pes, ___ laja, je prijateljev.
 
5. Hiša, ___ so jo kupili, je lepa.
 
=== Exercise 2: Create Causative Clauses ===
 
Transform the following sentences into complex sentences using causative clauses.
 
1. Ona je zaspala. Zato ni šla na trening.
 
2. On je izgubil ključ. Zaradi tega ne more priti.
 
3. Vreme je slabo. Zato ne gremo ven.
 
4. Otroci so glasni. Ker so veseli.
 
5. Ne morem priti. Ker sem bolan.
 
=== Exercise 3: Combine Sentences ===
 
Combine the following pairs of sentences using the appropriate subordinate conjunction (če, ko, ker).
 
1. On ima denar. On gre na počitnice.
 
2. Učitelj je prišel. Učenci so bili srečni.
 
3. Ti si zame. Jaz sem srečen.
 
4. Dežuje. Ostajam doma.
 
5. Ona se uči. Ona je pripravljena.
 
=== Solutions and Explanations ===
 
Here are the solutions to the exercises above:
 
==== Exercise 1 Solutions ====
 
1. ki
 
2. ki
 
3. ki
 
4. ki
 
5. ki
 
==== Exercise 2 Solutions ====
 
1. Ona je zaspala, ker ni šla na trening.
 
2. On je izgubil ključ, zato ne more priti.
 
3. Vreme je slabo, zato ne gremo ven.
 
4. Otroci so glasni, ker so veseli.
 
5. Ne morem priti, ker sem bolan.
 
==== Exercise 3 Solutions ====
 
1. Če ima denar, gre na počitnice.
 
2. Ko je učitelj prišel, so bili učenci srečni.
 
3. Če si zame, sem srečen.
 
4. Ker dežuje, ostajam doma.
 
5. Ko se ona uči, je pripravljena.
 
By completing these exercises, you should have a solid understanding of complex sentences and subordinations in Slovenian. Remember, practice makes perfect, so keep using these structures in your conversations!
 
Don't hesitate to revisit this lesson whenever you need a refresher. Let's keep building your Slovenian language skills together!


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|title=Learn Slovenian Grammar: Complex Sentences and Subordinations
|keywords=Slovenian grammar, complex sentences, subordinate clauses, relative clauses, causative clauses, language learning


|description=In this lesson, you will learn how to form complex sentences in Slovenian, including relative and causative clauses, and subordinate conjunctions such as if, when, and because.


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==Sources==
* [https://www.jstor.org/stable/24600165 Natural Syntax of Slovenian: The Complex Sentence]






==Related Lessons==
==Other Lessons==
* [[Language/Slovenian/Grammar/Nouns,-articles-and-gender|Nouns, articles and gender]]
* [[Language/Slovenian/Grammar/Nouns,-articles-and-gender|Nouns, articles and gender]]
* [[Language/Slovenian/Grammar/Pronouns|Pronouns]]
* [[Language/Slovenian/Grammar/Pronouns|Pronouns]]
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==Sources==
* [https://www.jstor.org/stable/24600165 Natural Syntax of Slovenian: The Complex Sentence]


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Latest revision as of 19:14, 1 August 2024


Slovenian-Language-PolyglotClub.png
SlovenianGrammar0 to A1 Course → Complex sentences and subordinations

Welcome to this engaging lesson on complex sentences and subordinations in Slovenian! Understanding how to form complex sentences is essential for any language learner, as it allows you to express more nuanced thoughts and ideas. Complex sentences are the backbone of sophisticated communication, enabling you to connect different ideas and convey relationships between them.

In this lesson, we will explore the following key areas:

Importance of Complex Sentences[edit | edit source]

Complex sentences allow you to convey more information and express relationships between different ideas. They enhance your speaking and writing skills, making your Slovenian sound more natural and fluid. By mastering complex sentences, you'll be able to share your thoughts, opinions, and experiences in a much richer way.

Structure of the Lesson[edit | edit source]

1. Understanding Complex Sentences

  • Definition and components
  • Types of subordinate clauses

2. Relative Clauses

  • Formation and usage
  • Examples

3. Causative Clauses

  • Formation and usage
  • Examples

4. Subordinate Conjunctions

  • Common conjunctions: if, when, because
  • Examples

5. Exercises and Practice Scenarios

  • Applying what you've learned
  • Solutions and explanations

Understanding Complex Sentences[edit | edit source]

Complex sentences consist of one main clause and one or more subordinate clauses. A main clause can stand alone as a complete sentence, while a subordinate clause cannot. Subordinate clauses add depth to your sentences, providing additional information and context.

Types of Subordinate Clauses[edit | edit source]

There are several types of subordinate clauses in Slovenian:

  • Relative clauses: used to provide additional information about a noun.
  • Causative clauses: used to express reasons or causes.
  • Conditional clauses: used to express conditions or hypothetical situations.

Relative Clauses[edit | edit source]

Relative clauses in Slovenian are introduced by relative pronouns such as "ki" (who/that) and "kar" (which/what). They provide more detail about the noun they modify.

Formation and Usage[edit | edit source]

To form a relative clause, you typically follow this structure:

  • Main clause + relative pronoun + subordinate clause.

Here are some examples:

Slovenian Pronunciation English
Moja sestra, ki živi v Ljubljani, je učiteljica. Moya sestra, ki zhivi v Lyublyani, ye uchetelitsa. My sister, who lives in Ljubljana, is a teacher.
Avto, ki ga vozi Marko, je nov. Avto, ki ga vozi Marko, ye nov. The car that Marko drives is new.
Knjiga, ki sem jo prebrala, je zanimiva. Knyiga, ki sem yo prebrala, ye zanimiva. The book that I read is interesting.
Hiša, ki jo prenavljajo, je velika. Hisha, ki yo prenavlyajo, ye velika. The house that they are renovating is big.
Pes, ki laja, je moj. Pes, ki laya, ye moy. The dog that is barking is mine.

Causative Clauses[edit | edit source]

Causative clauses express reasons or causes and often start with conjunctions like "ker" (because) or "saj" (since).

Formation and Usage[edit | edit source]

The structure typically follows:

  • Main clause + causative conjunction + subordinate clause.

Here are some examples:

Slovenian Pronunciation English
Ne morem priti, ker imam obveznosti. Ne moyrem preeti, ker imam obveznosti. I can't come because I have obligations.
On je srečen, ker je dobil službo. On ye srechen, ker ye dobil sluzhbo. He is happy because he got a job.
Ona ne je, saj je bolna. Ona ne ye, say ye bolna. She isn't eating because she is sick.
Učitelj je odšel, ker je bilo pozno. Uchetel ye odshel, ker ye bilo pozno. The teacher left because it was late.
Mislil sem, da bo deževalo, ker je bilo oblačno. Misil sem, da bo dezhevalo, ker ye bilo oblachno. I thought it would rain because it was cloudy.

Subordinate Conjunctions[edit | edit source]

Subordinate conjunctions connect the main and subordinate clauses. Some common Slovenian subordinate conjunctions include:

  • če (if)
  • ko (when)
  • ker (because)

Examples of Subordinate Conjunctions[edit | edit source]

Here are examples demonstrating the use of different conjunctions:

Slovenian Pronunciation English
Če dežuje, ostanem doma. Che dezhuje, ostanem doma. If it rains, I stay home.
Ko pridem domov, bom pojedel. Ko preedem domov, bom poyedel. When I get home, I will eat.
Ker je utrujen, gre spat. Ker ye utryuen, gre spat. Because he is tired, he goes to sleep.
Če imaš čas, se vidiva. Che imash chas, se vidiva. If you have time, we will meet.
Ko se srečava, bova govorila. Ko se sretchava, bova govorila. When we meet, we will talk.

Exercises and Practice Scenarios[edit | edit source]

Now that we have covered the fundamental aspects of complex sentences and subordinations, it's time to practice! Here are some exercises for you to apply your newfound knowledge.

Exercise 1: Fill in the Blanks[edit | edit source]

Complete the sentences with the correct relative pronoun (ki, kar).

1. Moja mama, ___ dela v bolnišnici, je zaskrbljena.

2. Knjiga, ___ sem jo kupil, je odlična.

3. Avto, ___ ga vozi Ana, je star.

4. Pes, ___ laja, je prijateljev.

5. Hiša, ___ so jo kupili, je lepa.

Exercise 2: Create Causative Clauses[edit | edit source]

Transform the following sentences into complex sentences using causative clauses.

1. Ona je zaspala. Zato ni šla na trening.

2. On je izgubil ključ. Zaradi tega ne more priti.

3. Vreme je slabo. Zato ne gremo ven.

4. Otroci so glasni. Ker so veseli.

5. Ne morem priti. Ker sem bolan.

Exercise 3: Combine Sentences[edit | edit source]

Combine the following pairs of sentences using the appropriate subordinate conjunction (če, ko, ker).

1. On ima denar. On gre na počitnice.

2. Učitelj je prišel. Učenci so bili srečni.

3. Ti si zame. Jaz sem srečen.

4. Dežuje. Ostajam doma.

5. Ona se uči. Ona je pripravljena.

Solutions and Explanations[edit | edit source]

Here are the solutions to the exercises above:

Exercise 1 Solutions[edit | edit source]

1. ki

2. ki

3. ki

4. ki

5. ki

Exercise 2 Solutions[edit | edit source]

1. Ona je zaspala, ker ni šla na trening.

2. On je izgubil ključ, zato ne more priti.

3. Vreme je slabo, zato ne gremo ven.

4. Otroci so glasni, ker so veseli.

5. Ne morem priti, ker sem bolan.

Exercise 3 Solutions[edit | edit source]

1. Če ima denar, gre na počitnice.

2. Ko je učitelj prišel, so bili učenci srečni.

3. Če si zame, sem srečen.

4. Ker dežuje, ostajam doma.

5. Ko se ona uči, je pripravljena.

By completing these exercises, you should have a solid understanding of complex sentences and subordinations in Slovenian. Remember, practice makes perfect, so keep using these structures in your conversations!

Don't hesitate to revisit this lesson whenever you need a refresher. Let's keep building your Slovenian language skills together!

Table of Contents - Slovenian Course - 0 to A1[edit source]


Greetings and Introductions


Nouns and Pronouns


Numbers and Time


Verbs and Tenses


Food and Drink


Adjectives and Adverbs


Travel and Transportation


Prepositions and Conjunctions


Hobbies and Free Time


Slovenian Customs and Traditions

Sources[edit | edit source]


Other Lessons[edit | edit source]