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{{Catalan-Page-Top}}
{{Catalan-Page-Top}}
<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Catalan|Catalan]]  → [[Language/Catalan/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Catalan/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Intermediate Catalan grammar → Introduction to pronouns</div>
<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Catalan|Catalan]]  → [[Language/Catalan/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Catalan/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Introduction to pronouns</div>
 
Welcome to the lesson on pronouns in Catalan! Understanding pronouns is a crucial part of mastering any language, including Catalan. Pronouns help us avoid repetition, simplify sentences, and enhance our ability to communicate effectively. In this lesson, we will explore different types of pronouns, specifically subject pronouns, direct object pronouns, indirect object pronouns, and possessive pronouns.
 
This lesson is perfect for beginners who are just starting their journey in learning Catalan. By the end of this lesson, you will have a solid understanding of how pronouns function in sentences and how to use them correctly.
 
Let's break down what we will cover today:


__TOC__
__TOC__


== Introduction ==
=== Subject Pronouns ===


Welcome to the lesson on pronouns in Catalan! In this lesson, we will dive into the fascinating world of pronouns, which play a crucial role in the structure and clarity of the Catalan language. Pronouns help us replace nouns, making our sentences more concise and efficient. They also allow us to express ownership, direct and indirect objects, and much more. Understanding and using pronouns correctly is essential for effective communication in Catalan.
Subject pronouns are the ones that perform the action of the verb. In Catalan, these pronouns are quite similar to those in English, but there are some key differences worth noting.


This lesson is part of the "Complete 0 to A1 Catalan Course," designed to take you from a complete beginner to an A1 level in the Catalan language. We assume that you have already completed the previous lessons on verb conjugation, noun gender and singular/plural, adjectives and adverbs, and prepositions. If you haven't, we encourage you to go back and review those lessons before diving into pronouns.
{| class="wikitable"


Throughout this lesson, we will explore the different types of pronouns in Catalan, including subject pronouns, direct object pronouns, indirect object pronouns, and possessive pronouns. We will provide clear explanations, numerous examples, and engaging exercises to help you practice and solidify your understanding of each type of pronoun.
! Catalan !! Pronunciation !! English


So let's get started and explore the fascinating world of pronouns in Catalan!
|-


== Subject Pronouns ==
| jo || /ʒu/ || I


Subject pronouns are used to indicate the person or thing performing the action in a sentence. They help us avoid repetition and make our sentences flow more naturally. In Catalan, subject pronouns are often omitted because the verb form already indicates the subject. However, it is still important to learn and understand subject pronouns, as they are used in some specific cases and can provide emphasis or clarity to the sentence.
|-


Here is a table showing the subject pronouns in Catalan:
| tu || /tu/ || you (informal singular)


{| class="wikitable"
! Catalan !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| Jo || /ʒu/ || I
 
| ell || /eʎ/ || he
 
|-
|-
| Tu || /tu/ || You (singular informal)
 
| ella || /ˈeʎə/ || she
 
|-
|-
| Vostè || /bɔsˈte/ || You (singular formal)
 
| nosaltres || /nuˈzaltres/ || we
 
|-
|-
| Ell || /ˈɛʎ/ || He
 
|-
| vosaltres || /vuˈzaltres/ || you (informal plural)
| Ella || /ˈɛʎə/ || She
 
|-
| Nosaltres || /nʊˈsaɫtɾəs/ || We
|-
| Vosaltres || /vʊˈsaɫtɾəs/ || You (plural)
|-
| Ells || /ˈɛʎs/ || They (masculine)
|-
|-
| Elles || /ˈɛʎəs/ || They (feminine)
|}


It's important to note that subject pronouns are often omitted in Catalan unless they are needed for emphasis or clarity. Let's look at some examples:
| ells || /eʎs/ || they (masculine)


* Catalan: Vaig anar al parc.
|-
  Pronunciation: /ˈvaj əˈnaɾ aɫ ˈpaɾk/
  English: I went to the park.


* Catalan: Estàs ocupat.
| elles || /ˈeʎəs/ || they (feminine)
  Pronunciation: /əsˈtaz ukuˈpat/
  English: You are busy.


* Catalan: Ell és un bon amic.
|}
  Pronunciation: /ˈɛʎ es uŋ bon aˈmik/
  English: He is a good friend.


* Catalan: No ho sé.
For example:
  Pronunciation: /nu ˈɔ ˈse/
  English: I don't know.


As you can see, subject pronouns are often omitted in Catalan, but they can be used for emphasis or clarity if necessary. Practice using subject pronouns in various contexts to become more comfortable with their usage.
* ''Jo menjo'' (I eat)


== Direct Object Pronouns ==
* ''Ells corren'' (They run)


Direct object pronouns are used to replace the noun that receives the action of the verb directly. They help us avoid repetition and make our sentences more concise and efficient. In Catalan, direct object pronouns come before the verb.
=== Direct Object Pronouns ===


Here is a table showing the direct object pronouns in Catalan:
Next, we have direct object pronouns. These pronouns replace the direct object in a sentence to avoid repetition. The direct object is the noun that directly receives the action of the verb.


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Catalan !! Pronunciation !! English
! Catalan !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| Em || /əm/ || Me
 
| em || /ɛm/ || me
 
|-
|-
| Et || /ət/ || You
 
| et || /ɛt/ || you (informal singular)
 
|-
|-
| El || /ˈɛɫ/ || Him/It
 
| el || /ɛl/ || him/it (masculine)
 
|-
|-
| La || /ɫə/ || Her/It
 
| la || /lə/ || her/it (feminine)
 
|-
|-
| Ens || /əns/ || Us
 
| ens || /ɛns/ || us
 
|-
|-
| Us || /us/ || You (plural)
 
|-
| us || /uz/ || you (informal plural)
| Els || /ˈɛɫs/ || Them (masculine)
 
|-
|-
| Les || /ɫəs/ || Them (feminine)
|}


Let's look at some examples of direct object pronouns in action:
| els || /ɛls/ || them (masculine)


* Catalan: La veig cada dia.
|-
  Pronunciation: /ɫə ˈveʒ ˈkaðə ˈdiə/
  English: I see her every day.


* Catalan: Em necessites.
| les || /lɛs/ || them (feminine)
  Pronunciation: /əm nəsəˈsitəs/
  English: You need me.


* Catalan: Ens ha ajudat molt.
|}
  Pronunciation: /əns a aʒuˈðat ˈmɔɫt/
  English: He has helped us a lot.


* Catalan: Les vaig trobar ahir.
For example:
  Pronunciation: /ɫəs ˈvaʒ tɾuˈba əˈiɾ/
  English: I found them yesterday.


Remember to place the direct object pronoun before the verb in Catalan. Practice using direct object pronouns in different sentence structures to reinforce your understanding.
* ''Veig el cotxe'' (I see the car) → ''El veig'' (I see it).


== Indirect Object Pronouns ==
* ''Escolto la música'' (I listen to the music) → ''La escolto'' (I listen to it).


Indirect object pronouns are used to indicate the person or thing to whom or for whom the action of the verb is performed. They help us avoid repetition and make our sentences more concise. In Catalan, indirect object pronouns come before the verb.
=== Indirect Object Pronouns ===


Here is a table showing the indirect object pronouns in Catalan:
Indirect object pronouns indicate to whom or for whom the action is performed. In Catalan, these are also distinct from their English counterparts.


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Catalan !! Pronunciation !! English
! Catalan !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| Em || /əm/ || Me
 
| em || /ɛm/ || to me
 
|-
|-
| Et || /ət/ || You
 
| et || /ɛt/ || to you (informal singular)
 
|-
|-
| Li || /ˈɫi/ || Him/Her/You (formal)
 
| li || /li/ || to him/to her
 
|-
|-
| Ens || /əns/ || Us
 
| ens || /ɛns/ || to us
 
|-
|-
| Us || /us/ || You (plural)
 
| us || /uz/ || to you (informal plural)
 
|-
|-
| Els || /ˈɛɫs/ || Them (masculine)
 
| els || /ɛls/ || to them (masculine)
 
|-
|-
| Les || /ɫəs/ || Them (feminine)
 
| les || /lɛs/ || to them (feminine)
 
|}
|}


Let's look at some examples of indirect object pronouns in action:
For example:
 
* ''Em dóna el llibre'' (He gives me the book).
 
* ''Els envio una carta'' (I send them a letter).
 
=== Possessive Pronouns ===
 
Possessive pronouns express ownership or possession. In Catalan, these pronouns change depending on the gender and number of the noun they refer to.
 
{| class="wikitable"


* Catalan: Li he escrit una carta.
! Catalan !! Pronunciation !! English
  Pronunciation: /ˈɫi ə əsˈkɾit ˈuna ˈkaɾta/
  English: I have written him/her a letter.


* Catalan: Us vaig donar els regals.
|-
  Pronunciation: /us ˈvaʒ ˈdɔna əɫz ɾəˈgaɫs/
  English: I gave you the presents.


* Catalan: Els van explicar la història.
| meu || /mɛu/ || my (masculine singular)
  Pronunciation: /ˈɛɫs vən əkspliˈka ɫə isˈtɔɾiə/
  English: They told them the story.


Remember to place the indirect object pronoun before the verb in Catalan. Practice using indirect object pronouns in different sentence structures to enhance your understanding.
|-


== Possessive Pronouns ==
| meva || /ˈmeβə/ || my (feminine singular)


Possessive pronouns are used to indicate ownership or possession. They help us express relationships between people and things, and they can replace the noun and the possessive adjective in a sentence. In Catalan, possessive pronouns agree in gender and number with the noun they replace.
|-


Here is a table showing the possessive pronouns in Catalan:
| teu || /tɛu/ || your (informal singular, masculine)


{| class="wikitable"
! Catalan !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| Meu/Meva || /ˈmew/ˈmɛvə/ || Mine (masculine/feminine)
 
| teva || /ˈteβə/ || your (informal singular, feminine)
 
|-
|-
| Teu/Teva || /ˈtew/ˈtɛvə/ || Yours (singular informal)
 
| seu || /sɛu/ || his/her (masculine singular)
 
|-
|-
| Seu/Seva || /ˈsɛw/ˈsɛvə/ || Yours (singular formal)
 
| seva || /ˈsɛβə/ || his/her (feminine singular)
 
|-
|-
| Seus/Seves || /ˈsɛws/ˈsɛvəs/ || Yours (plural)
 
| nostre || /ˈnɔstɾə/ || our (masculine singular)
 
|-
|-
| Seu/Seva || /ˈsɛw/ˈsɛvə/ || His/Hers/Its
 
| nostra || /ˈnɔstɾə/ || our (feminine singular)
 
|-
|-
| Nostre/Nostra || /nusˈtɾə/nusˈtɾə/ || Ours (masculine/feminine)
 
| vostre || /ˈvɔstɾə/ || your (informal plural, masculine)
 
|-
|-
| Vostre/Vostre || /bɔsˈtɾə/bɔsˈtɾə/ || Yours (plural)
 
| vostra || /ˈvɔstɾə/ || your (informal plural, feminine)
 
|-
|-
| Seus/Seves || /ˈsɛws/ˈsɛvəs/ || Theirs (masculine/feminine)
 
| seu || /sɛu/ || their (masculine singular)
 
|-
 
| seva || /ˈsɛβə/ || their (feminine singular)
 
|}
|}


Let's look at some examples of possessive pronouns in action:
For example:
 
* ''El meu llibre'' (My book, masculine).
 
* ''La meva casa'' (My house, feminine).
 
== Exercises ==
 
Now that we’ve covered the different types of pronouns, let’s put your knowledge to the test! Below are some exercises designed to help you practice and apply what you’ve learned. Answers and explanations will follow each exercise.
 
=== Exercise 1: Subject Pronouns ===
 
Fill in the blanks with the correct subject pronoun.
 
1. ________ (I) vaig a la botiga.
 
2. ________ (he) menja a casa.
 
3. ________ (they, feminine) juguen a futbol.
 
=== Exercise 2: Direct Object Pronouns ===
 
Replace the direct object with the appropriate direct object pronoun.
 
1. Veig el meu amic. → Veig ________.
 
2. Escolto la música. → Escolto ________.
 
3. Ella compra el pa. → Ella ________ compra.
 
=== Exercise 3: Indirect Object Pronouns ===
 
Fill in the blanks with the correct indirect object pronoun.
 
1. Ell em parla. → He talks ________.
 
2. Ella us envia una carta. → She sends ________ a letter.


* Catalan: Aquesta casa és meva.
3. Dono el regal a ells. → I give ________ the gift.
  Pronunciation: /əˈkɛs.ta ˈkazə ˈɛz ˈmɛvə/
  English: This house is mine.


* Catalan: Aquest cotxe és teu.
=== Exercise 4: Possessive Pronouns ===
  Pronunciation: /əˈkɛs ˈkɔtʃə ˈɛz ˈtew/
  English: This car is yours.


* Catalan: Aquest llibre és seu.
Complete the sentences with the correct possessive pronoun.
  Pronunciation: /əˈkɛs ˈʎiβɾə ˈɛz ˈsɛw/
  English: This book is his/hers.


* Catalan: Aquestes són les seves fotos.
1. Aquest és ________ (my, masculine) llibre.
  Pronunciation: /əˈkɛs.təs ˈsɔn ɫəs ˈsɛwəs ˈfɔtos/
  English: These are their photos.


Remember that possessive pronouns agree in gender and number with the noun they replace. Practice using possessive pronouns in various contexts to reinforce your understanding.
2. La casa és ________ (their, feminine).


== Cultural Insights ==
3. El cotxe és ________ (your, informal singular).


Catalan is not only a language but also a reflection of the rich and diverse culture of Catalonia and other Catalan-speaking regions. Understanding the cultural context surrounding the use of pronouns in Catalan can enhance your language learning experience. Here are some interesting cultural insights related to pronouns:
=== Exercise 5: Pronoun Identification ===


1. Catalan Names: In Catalan, it is common to address people by their first names followed by the possessive pronoun "teu" or "seu" (your). This informal and friendly way of addressing others reflects the Catalan culture's emphasis on personal connections and familiarity.
Identify the type of pronoun in the following sentences.


2. Formality and Respect: The use of formal pronouns, such as "vostè" and "seu," is an important aspect of Catalan culture. Addressing someone formally shows respect and politeness, especially when speaking to older individuals or people in positions of authority.
1. Ells em veuen. (What type of pronoun is "em"?)


3. Gender Neutrality: Catalan is a gender-neutral language, and this is reflected in the pronouns. The pronouns "li," "seu," and "seva" can be used to refer to both masculine and feminine nouns, promoting inclusivity and equality.
2. La seva casa és gran. (What type of pronoun is "seva"?)


4. Family and Community: Catalan culture places great importance on family and community ties. This is reflected in the use of pronouns, as there are specific pronouns for addressing family members and close friends, such as "avi" (grandfather), "àvia" (grandmother), "germà" (brother), "germana" (sister), and "amic" (friend).
3. Tu ens ajudes. (What type of pronoun is "ens"?)


5. Historical Influences: The usage of pronouns in Catalan has evolved over centuries and has been influenced by various historical events and interactions with other cultures. For example, the influence of Latin and Spanish can be seen in the pronoun forms and their usage in Catalan.
== Answers and Explanations ==


These cultural insights provide a glimpse into the rich tapestry of Catalan culture and its influence on the use of pronouns. Exploring the cultural context of the language will not only deepen your understanding but also enhance your overall language learning experience.
=== Answers for Exercise 1 ===


== Exercises ==
1. Jo
 
2. Ell
 
3. Elles
 
=== Answers for Exercise 2 ===
 
1. El veig.
 
2. La escolto.
 
3. Ella la compra.
 
=== Answers for Exercise 3 ===
 
1. Em
 
2. Us


Now it's time to put your knowledge of pronouns into practice! Here are some exercises to help you reinforce what you've learned:
3. Els


1. Fill in the blank with the appropriate subject pronoun:
=== Answers for Exercise 4 ===
  Catalan: __ vaig a l'escola.
  English: __ go to school.


2. Replace the underlined noun with the correct direct object pronoun:
1. El meu
  Catalan: Vaig veure l'Anna ahir.
  English: __ saw Anna yesterday.


3. Choose the correct indirect object pronoun to complete the sentence:
2. La seva
  Catalan: L'Anna va explicar __ la seva història.
  English: Anna told __ her story.


4. Rewrite the sentence using the possessive pronoun:
3. El teu
  Catalan: El cotxe és de l'Andreu.
  English: The car is __.


Solutions:
=== Answers for Exercise 5 ===
1. Jo, I
2. La, I
3. Li, her
4. Seu, his


== Conclusion ==
1. Direct object pronoun


Congratulations on completing this lesson on pronouns in Catalan! You have learned about subject pronouns, direct object pronouns, indirect object pronouns, and possessive pronouns. These pronouns play a crucial role in the structure and clarity of the Catalan language, allowing us to express ownership, direct and indirect objects, and more.
2. Possessive pronoun


Remember to practice using pronouns in various sentence structures to reinforce your understanding. Additionally, exploring the cultural context surrounding the use of pronouns in Catalan will deepen your appreciation for the language and enhance your overall language learning experience.
3. Indirect object pronoun


In the next lesson, we will delve into the conditional and future tenses in Catalan. Stay tuned and keep up the great work!
Congratulations! You’ve completed this lesson on pronouns in Catalan. Learning about pronouns is a significant step in your journey to fluency. Make sure to practice using these in your daily conversations, and you will surely see improvement. Keep up the great work!


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{{#seo:
|title=Intermediate Catalan Grammar: Introduction to Pronouns
 
|keywords=Catalan pronouns, subject pronouns in Catalan, direct object pronouns in Catalan, indirect object pronouns in Catalan, possessive pronouns in Catalan
|title=Catalan Grammar: Introduction to Pronouns
|description=In this lesson, you will learn about the different types of pronouns in Catalan, including subject pronouns, direct object pronouns, indirect object pronouns, and possessive pronouns. You will also explore the cultural insights related to pronouns in Catalan, and practice using pronouns in various exercises.
 
|keywords=catalan, grammar, pronouns, subject pronouns, direct object pronouns, indirect object pronouns, possessive pronouns
 
|description=In this lesson, you will learn about the different types of pronouns in Catalan, including subject, direct object, indirect object, and possessive pronouns. Perfect for complete beginners!
 
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==Sources==
==Sources==

Latest revision as of 10:01, 1 August 2024


01B356FC-D089-467C-8B1C-836911B8D8E7.png
Catalan → Grammar → 0 to A1 Course → Introduction to pronouns

Welcome to the lesson on pronouns in Catalan! Understanding pronouns is a crucial part of mastering any language, including Catalan. Pronouns help us avoid repetition, simplify sentences, and enhance our ability to communicate effectively. In this lesson, we will explore different types of pronouns, specifically subject pronouns, direct object pronouns, indirect object pronouns, and possessive pronouns.

This lesson is perfect for beginners who are just starting their journey in learning Catalan. By the end of this lesson, you will have a solid understanding of how pronouns function in sentences and how to use them correctly.

Let's break down what we will cover today:

Subject Pronouns[edit | edit source]

Subject pronouns are the ones that perform the action of the verb. In Catalan, these pronouns are quite similar to those in English, but there are some key differences worth noting.

Catalan Pronunciation English
jo /ʒu/ I
tu /tu/ you (informal singular)
ell /eʎ/ he
ella /ˈeʎə/ she
nosaltres /nuˈzaltres/ we
vosaltres /vuˈzaltres/ you (informal plural)
ells /eʎs/ they (masculine)
elles /ˈeʎəs/ they (feminine)

For example:

  • Jo menjo (I eat)
  • Ells corren (They run)

Direct Object Pronouns[edit | edit source]

Next, we have direct object pronouns. These pronouns replace the direct object in a sentence to avoid repetition. The direct object is the noun that directly receives the action of the verb.

Catalan Pronunciation English
em /ɛm/ me
et /ɛt/ you (informal singular)
el /ɛl/ him/it (masculine)
la /lə/ her/it (feminine)
ens /ɛns/ us
us /uz/ you (informal plural)
els /ɛls/ them (masculine)
les /lɛs/ them (feminine)

For example:

  • Veig el cotxe (I see the car) → El veig (I see it).
  • Escolto la música (I listen to the music) → La escolto (I listen to it).

Indirect Object Pronouns[edit | edit source]

Indirect object pronouns indicate to whom or for whom the action is performed. In Catalan, these are also distinct from their English counterparts.

Catalan Pronunciation English
em /ɛm/ to me
et /ɛt/ to you (informal singular)
li /li/ to him/to her
ens /ɛns/ to us
us /uz/ to you (informal plural)
els /ɛls/ to them (masculine)
les /lɛs/ to them (feminine)

For example:

  • Em dóna el llibre (He gives me the book).
  • Els envio una carta (I send them a letter).

Possessive Pronouns[edit | edit source]

Possessive pronouns express ownership or possession. In Catalan, these pronouns change depending on the gender and number of the noun they refer to.

Catalan Pronunciation English
meu /mɛu/ my (masculine singular)
meva /ˈmeβə/ my (feminine singular)
teu /tɛu/ your (informal singular, masculine)
teva /ˈteβə/ your (informal singular, feminine)
seu /sɛu/ his/her (masculine singular)
seva /ˈsɛβə/ his/her (feminine singular)
nostre /ˈnɔstɾə/ our (masculine singular)
nostra /ˈnɔstɾə/ our (feminine singular)
vostre /ˈvɔstɾə/ your (informal plural, masculine)
vostra /ˈvɔstɾə/ your (informal plural, feminine)
seu /sɛu/ their (masculine singular)
seva /ˈsɛβə/ their (feminine singular)

For example:

  • El meu llibre (My book, masculine).
  • La meva casa (My house, feminine).

Exercises[edit | edit source]

Now that we’ve covered the different types of pronouns, let’s put your knowledge to the test! Below are some exercises designed to help you practice and apply what you’ve learned. Answers and explanations will follow each exercise.

Exercise 1: Subject Pronouns[edit | edit source]

Fill in the blanks with the correct subject pronoun.

1. ________ (I) vaig a la botiga.

2. ________ (he) menja a casa.

3. ________ (they, feminine) juguen a futbol.

Exercise 2: Direct Object Pronouns[edit | edit source]

Replace the direct object with the appropriate direct object pronoun.

1. Veig el meu amic. → Veig ________.

2. Escolto la música. → Escolto ________.

3. Ella compra el pa. → Ella ________ compra.

Exercise 3: Indirect Object Pronouns[edit | edit source]

Fill in the blanks with the correct indirect object pronoun.

1. Ell em parla. → He talks ________.

2. Ella us envia una carta. → She sends ________ a letter.

3. Dono el regal a ells. → I give ________ the gift.

Exercise 4: Possessive Pronouns[edit | edit source]

Complete the sentences with the correct possessive pronoun.

1. Aquest és ________ (my, masculine) llibre.

2. La casa és ________ (their, feminine).

3. El cotxe és ________ (your, informal singular).

Exercise 5: Pronoun Identification[edit | edit source]

Identify the type of pronoun in the following sentences.

1. Ells em veuen. (What type of pronoun is "em"?)

2. La seva casa és gran. (What type of pronoun is "seva"?)

3. Tu ens ajudes. (What type of pronoun is "ens"?)

Answers and Explanations[edit | edit source]

Answers for Exercise 1[edit | edit source]

1. Jo

2. Ell

3. Elles

Answers for Exercise 2[edit | edit source]

1. El veig.

2. La escolto.

3. Ella la compra.

Answers for Exercise 3[edit | edit source]

1. Em

2. Us

3. Els

Answers for Exercise 4[edit | edit source]

1. El meu

2. La seva

3. El teu

Answers for Exercise 5[edit | edit source]

1. Direct object pronoun

2. Possessive pronoun

3. Indirect object pronoun

Congratulations! You’ve completed this lesson on pronouns in Catalan. Learning about pronouns is a significant step in your journey to fluency. Make sure to practice using these in your daily conversations, and you will surely see improvement. Keep up the great work!

Table of Contents - Catalan Course - 0 to A1[edit source]


Introduction to Catalan


Greetings and Introductions


Articles and Nouns


Numbers and Time


Adjectives and Pronouns


Family and Relationships


Verbs and Tenses


Food and Dining


Prepositions and Conjunctions


Travel and Transportation


Catalan Culture

Sources[edit | edit source]


Other Lessons[edit | edit source]


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