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<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Slovak|Slovak]]  → [[Language/Slovak/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Slovak/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → The Genitive Case</div>


<div class="pg_page_title">Slovak Grammar → Unit 5: Cases and Prepositions → The Genitive Case</div>
Welcome to this lesson on the Genitive Case in Slovak! As a beginner, you might be wondering why cases are so essential in the Slovak language. Well, cases are like the backbone of Slovak grammar – they help us understand the relationships between words in a sentence. The genitive case, specifically, is often used to express possession, quantities, and some prepositional phrases. Imagine saying "the book of the student" instead of just "the student’s book."  
 
In this lesson, we will dive into the genitive case, learn its different endings, and discover when to use it. By the end, you will be well-equipped to recognize and use the genitive case in various contexts.


__TOC__
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As a Slovak language teacher with 20 years of teaching experience, I am excited to introduce you to the genitive case in the Slovak language. Understanding the genitive case is essential for basic communication in Slovak and will allow you to express possession and describe nouns in relation to other nouns.
=== What is the Genitive Case? ===


The genitive case is one of the six grammatical cases in Slovak. It is primarily used to indicate possession or a relationship between nouns. In English, we often use the preposition "of" to express similar relationships, but in Slovak, we modify the endings of nouns based on their gender and number.


<span link>Once you've mastered this lesson, take a look at these related pages: [[Language/Slovak/Grammar/Conditional-Mood|Conditional Mood]] & [[Language/Slovak/Grammar/Adjectives|Adjectives]].</span>
=== When to Use the Genitive Case ===
==The Basics of the Genitive Case==


In the Slovak language, there are seven cases used to modify nouns, and the genitive case is one of them. The Genitive case is formed by adding different suffixes to the ending of a noun. Let's take the example of the word "auto" (car). In the genitive case, the word becomes "auta".
Here are some common situations where the genitive case is used:


Generally speaking, the genitive case is used to show possession, to indicate relationships, and to describe qualities or qualities of things. To form the genitive singular and plural of nouns, you should follow these rules:
* To show possession: "the book of John" (kniha Jana)


===Genitive Singular===
* To express a part of something: "a piece of cake" (kus koláča)


<ul>
* After certain prepositions: "without a friend" (bez priateľa)
<li>Nouns ending in -a, -ia, -ie, and -ô: Replace the ending with "-y".</li>
li>Nouns ending in -c, -č, -k, -h, -r, -n, or -ň: Add "-a" to the end.</li>
<li>Nouns ending in consonant clusters that don't include these letters: Add "-u" to the end.</li>
</ul>


===Genitive Plural===
* With quantities: "a lot of apples" (veľa jabĺk)


<ul>
=== The Endings of the Genitive Case ===
<li>Nouns ending in -a, -ia, -ie, and -ô: Replace "-a" with "-í".</li>
<li>Nouns ending in -c, -č, -k, -h, -r, -n, or -ň: Replace the ending with "-ov".</li>
<li>Nouns ending in consonant clusters that don't include these letters: Replace the final consonant with "-ov".</li>
</ul>
 
==Using the Genitive Case in Slovak==


The genitive case is used to express a wide range of ideas in Slovak. Here are some examples of its use in sentences:
The endings for the genitive case vary depending on the gender (masculine, feminine, neuter) and number (singular or plural) of the noun. Here’s a breakdown:


<ol>
==== Masculine Nouns ====
<li>To describe possession: "Auto mojej sestry" (My sister’s car)</li>
<li>To describe physical characteristics: "Farba jeho očí" (The color of his eyes)</li>
<li>To describe a state of being: "Nemám žiadne peňaženky" (I have no wallets)</li>
<li>To indicate relationships: "Názor môjho otca" (My father's opinion)</li>
<li>To express nouns of quantity: "Kilo jabĺk" (A kilo of apples)</li>
</ol>


==Examples of Nouns in the Genitive Case==
* Singular: -a (e.g., "stol" → "stola")


Here are some examples of different nouns in the genitive case, including their gender, case stem, and their respective translations:
* Plural: -ov (e.g., "stoly" → "stolov")
 
==== Feminine Nouns ====
 
* Singular: -y or -e (e.g., "kniha" → "knihy")
 
* Plural: -í (e.g., "knihy" → "kníh")
 
==== Neuter Nouns ====
 
* Singular: -a (e.g., "dieťa" → "dieťaťa")
 
* Plural: - (no change, e.g., "dieťa" → "detí")
 
=== Examples of the Genitive Case ===
 
Let's look at some examples to get a better understanding:


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Slovak !! Pronunciation !! Gender !! Case Stem !! English Translation
 
! Slovak !! Pronunciation !! English
 
|-
 
| kniha Jana || ˈkɲiːha ˈjaːna || the book of John
 
|-
|-
| auto || "au-to" || Neuter || aut- || car
 
| kus koláča || kus koˈlaːtʃa || a piece of cake
 
|-
|-
| dom || "dom" || Masculine || dom- || house
 
| bez priateľa || bɛz ˈpɾɪaːtɛʎa || without a friend
 
|-
|-
| dievča || "diev-tcha" || Feminine || dievč- || girl
 
| veľa jabĺk || ˈʋɛʎa ˈjaːbl̩k || a lot of apples
 
|-
|-
| pivo || "pi-vo" || Neuter || piv- || beer
 
| stôl || stoːl || table
 
|-
|-
| jablko || "jabl-ko" || Neuter || jablk- || apple
 
| stola || ˈstola || of the table
 
|-
 
| kniha || ˈkɲiːha || book
 
|-
 
| knihy || ˈkniːhɪ || books
 
|-
 
| dieťa || ˈdɪɛta || child
 
|-
 
| detí || ˈdɛtɪ || of children
 
|}
|}


==Practice Using the Genitive Case in Slovak==
=== Practice Exercises ===
 
Now that you have a grasp of the genitive case, it’s time to put your knowledge to the test! Below are some exercises for you to practice.
 
==== Exercise 1: Fill in the Blanks ====
 
Complete the sentences using the correct form of the genitive case.
 
1. Kniha ___ (Jana) je na stole. 
 
2. Mám veľa ___ (jablko). 
 
3. Bez ___ (priateľ) nemôžem ísť. 
 
4. To je stôl ___ (učiteľ). 
 
5. Dám ti kus ___ (koláč).
 
==== Exercise 2: Translate to Slovak ====
 
Translate the following English sentences into Slovak, using the genitive case where necessary.
 
1. The house of my friend.
 
2. A piece of bread.
 
3. Without the car.


Now that you have learned the basics of using the genitive case in Slovak, it's time to practice. Try out the exercises below to test your knowledge:
4. The color of the sky.


<ol>
5. Many books of the library.
<li>Translate "The color of her hair" into Slovak.</li>
<li>What's the genitive plural form of "dievčatá" (girls)?</li>
<li>What’s the genitive singular form of "nálepka" (sticker)?</li>
</ol>


==Conclusion==
==== Exercise 3: Identify the Case ====


The genitive case is a crucial part of Slovak grammar, and it’s essential to understand its usage if you want to become fluent in Slovak. Learning the rules for forming the genitive singular and plural is just the start: you should also practice using the genitive case in sentences and with different noun genders. Keep practicing and don't be afraid to make mistakes!
Identify whether the underlined noun is in the genitive case or not.


1. To je kniha _Jana_. 
2. Mám _veľa_ jabĺk. 
3. Bez _tých_ priateľov. 
4. _Stol_ je nový. 
5. Kúpil som _knihu_.
=== Solutions to Exercises ===
Here are the solutions to the exercises above:
==== Solutions for Exercise 1 ====
1. Kniha '''Jany''' je na stole. 
2. Mám veľa '''jabĺk'''. 
3. Bez '''priateľa''' nemôžem ísť. 
4. To je stôl '''učiteľa'''. 
5. Dám ti kus '''koláča'''.
==== Solutions for Exercise 2 ====
1. Dom _mojho_ priateľa. 
2. Kúsok _chleba_. 
3. Bez _auta_. 
4. Farba _neba_. 
5. Mnoho _knih_ z _knižnice_.
==== Solutions for Exercise 3 ====
1. _Jana_ - Genitive. 
2. _veľa_ - Not Genitive. 
3. _tých_ - Not Genitive. 
4. _Stol_ - Not Genitive. 
5. _knihu_ - Not Genitive.
=== Conclusion ===
Congratulations! You have now taken a significant step in your journey to mastering Slovak. Understanding the genitive case is fundamental to forming sentences that express ownership and relationships. Keep practicing, and soon you'll feel more comfortable using it in conversation. Remember, language learning is a journey, and each step brings you closer to fluency.
If you have questions or need further clarification, feel free to ask. Happy learning!


<span link>Now that you've completed this lesson, don't stop learning! Check out these related topics: [[Language/Slovak/Grammar/Comparison-of-Adjectives-and-Adverbs|Comparison of Adjectives and Adverbs]] & [[Language/Slovak/Grammar/How-to-Use-Have|How to Use Have]].</span>
{{#seo:
{{#seo:
|title=The Genitive Case in Slovak | Learn About Cases | Slovak Grammar Unit 5 | Intermediate A1 | Live Lingua
 
|keywords=Slovak grammar, Slovak cases, Slovak genitive case
|title=Learn the Genitive Case in Slovak
|description=Learn about the genitive case in Slovak including its different endings and when to use it. Improve your Slovak skills with our online courses. Sign up today!
 
|keywords=Slovak grammar, Genitive case, Slovak language, language learning, beginner Slovak
 
|description=In this lesson, you will learn how to use the genitive case in Slovak, including its different endings and practical examples.
 
}}
}}


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==Sources==
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slovak_declension Slovak declension - Wikipedia]
* [https://www.colanguage.com/slovak-cases Slovak cases | coLanguage]
* [https://ling-app.com/sk/most-common-slovak-sentence-structures/ 5 Most Common Slovak Sentence Structures: Essential Guide - Ling ...]


==Other Lessons==
==Other Lessons==
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* [[Language/Slovak/Grammar/Give-your-Opinion|Give your Opinion]]
* [[Language/Slovak/Grammar/Give-your-Opinion|Give your Opinion]]


<span class='maj'></span>
 
==Sources==
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slovak_declension Slovak declension - Wikipedia]
* [https://www.colanguage.com/slovak-cases Slovak cases | coLanguage]
* [https://ling-app.com/sk/most-common-slovak-sentence-structures/ 5 Most Common Slovak Sentence Structures: Essential Guide - Ling ...]


{{Slovak-Page-Bottom}}
{{Slovak-Page-Bottom}}
<span links></span>
 
<span pgnav>
{| class="wikitable pg_template_nav"
 
|[[Language/Slovak/Vocabulary/Chores-and-Errands|◀️ Chores and Errands — Previous Lesson]]
|[[Language/Slovak/Grammar/The-Locative-Case|Next Lesson — The Locative Case ▶️]]
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Latest revision as of 09:36, 1 August 2024

◀️ Chores and Errands — Previous Lesson Next Lesson — The Locative Case ▶️

Slovak-Language-PolyglotClub.png
Slovak → Grammar → 0 to A1 Course → The Genitive Case

Welcome to this lesson on the Genitive Case in Slovak! As a beginner, you might be wondering why cases are so essential in the Slovak language. Well, cases are like the backbone of Slovak grammar – they help us understand the relationships between words in a sentence. The genitive case, specifically, is often used to express possession, quantities, and some prepositional phrases. Imagine saying "the book of the student" instead of just "the student’s book."

In this lesson, we will dive into the genitive case, learn its different endings, and discover when to use it. By the end, you will be well-equipped to recognize and use the genitive case in various contexts.

What is the Genitive Case?[edit | edit source]

The genitive case is one of the six grammatical cases in Slovak. It is primarily used to indicate possession or a relationship between nouns. In English, we often use the preposition "of" to express similar relationships, but in Slovak, we modify the endings of nouns based on their gender and number.

When to Use the Genitive Case[edit | edit source]

Here are some common situations where the genitive case is used:

  • To show possession: "the book of John" (kniha Jana)
  • To express a part of something: "a piece of cake" (kus koláča)
  • After certain prepositions: "without a friend" (bez priateľa)
  • With quantities: "a lot of apples" (veľa jabĺk)

The Endings of the Genitive Case[edit | edit source]

The endings for the genitive case vary depending on the gender (masculine, feminine, neuter) and number (singular or plural) of the noun. Here’s a breakdown:

Masculine Nouns[edit | edit source]

  • Singular: -a (e.g., "stol" → "stola")
  • Plural: -ov (e.g., "stoly" → "stolov")

Feminine Nouns[edit | edit source]

  • Singular: -y or -e (e.g., "kniha" → "knihy")
  • Plural: -í (e.g., "knihy" → "kníh")

Neuter Nouns[edit | edit source]

  • Singular: -a (e.g., "dieťa" → "dieťaťa")
  • Plural: - (no change, e.g., "dieťa" → "detí")

Examples of the Genitive Case[edit | edit source]

Let's look at some examples to get a better understanding:

Slovak Pronunciation English
kniha Jana ˈkɲiːha ˈjaːna the book of John
kus koláča kus koˈlaːtʃa a piece of cake
bez priateľa bɛz ˈpɾɪaːtɛʎa without a friend
veľa jabĺk ˈʋɛʎa ˈjaːbl̩k a lot of apples
stôl stoːl table
stola ˈstola of the table
kniha ˈkɲiːha book
knihy ˈkniːhɪ books
dieťa ˈdɪɛta child
detí ˈdɛtɪ of children

Practice Exercises[edit | edit source]

Now that you have a grasp of the genitive case, it’s time to put your knowledge to the test! Below are some exercises for you to practice.

Exercise 1: Fill in the Blanks[edit | edit source]

Complete the sentences using the correct form of the genitive case.

1. Kniha ___ (Jana) je na stole.

2. Mám veľa ___ (jablko).

3. Bez ___ (priateľ) nemôžem ísť.

4. To je stôl ___ (učiteľ).

5. Dám ti kus ___ (koláč).

Exercise 2: Translate to Slovak[edit | edit source]

Translate the following English sentences into Slovak, using the genitive case where necessary.

1. The house of my friend.

2. A piece of bread.

3. Without the car.

4. The color of the sky.

5. Many books of the library.

Exercise 3: Identify the Case[edit | edit source]

Identify whether the underlined noun is in the genitive case or not.

1. To je kniha _Jana_.

2. Mám _veľa_ jabĺk.

3. Bez _tých_ priateľov.

4. _Stol_ je nový.

5. Kúpil som _knihu_.

Solutions to Exercises[edit | edit source]

Here are the solutions to the exercises above:

Solutions for Exercise 1[edit | edit source]

1. Kniha Jany je na stole.

2. Mám veľa jabĺk.

3. Bez priateľa nemôžem ísť.

4. To je stôl učiteľa.

5. Dám ti kus koláča.

Solutions for Exercise 2[edit | edit source]

1. Dom _mojho_ priateľa.

2. Kúsok _chleba_.

3. Bez _auta_.

4. Farba _neba_.

5. Mnoho _knih_ z _knižnice_.

Solutions for Exercise 3[edit | edit source]

1. _Jana_ - Genitive.

2. _veľa_ - Not Genitive.

3. _tých_ - Not Genitive.

4. _Stol_ - Not Genitive.

5. _knihu_ - Not Genitive.

Conclusion[edit | edit source]

Congratulations! You have now taken a significant step in your journey to mastering Slovak. Understanding the genitive case is fundamental to forming sentences that express ownership and relationships. Keep practicing, and soon you'll feel more comfortable using it in conversation. Remember, language learning is a journey, and each step brings you closer to fluency.

If you have questions or need further clarification, feel free to ask. Happy learning!

Table of Contents - Slovak Course - 0 to A1[edit source]


Unit 1: Greetings and Introductions


Unit 2: Nouns, Pronouns, and Verbs in the Present Tense


Unit 3: Slovak Culture and Society


Unit 4: Daily Activities and Routine


Unit 5: Cases and Prepositions


Unit 6: Slovak Geography and Nature


Unit 7: Travel and Transportation


Unit 8: Adjectives and Adverbs


Unit 9: Slovak Art and Music


Unit 10: Time and Dates

Sources[edit | edit source]


Other Lessons[edit | edit source]



◀️ Chores and Errands — Previous Lesson Next Lesson — The Locative Case ▶️

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