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<div class="pg_page_title">Malay (individual language) Grammar → Relative Clauses</div>
Welcome to our lesson on '''Relative Clauses''' in Malay! Understanding how to use relative clauses is essential for forming more complex and nuanced sentences in any language, including Malay. In this lesson, we will explore what relative clauses are, how they function, and how you can use them effectively in your conversations.
'''Relative clauses''' help us give more information about a noun without starting a new sentence. For instance, instead of saying "The book is on the table. The book is mine," we can combine these into one sentence: "The book that is on the table is mine." This not only makes your speech more fluid but also enriches your communication.
=== Lesson Structure: ===
1. '''What are Relative Clauses?'''
2. '''How to Form Relative Clauses'''
3. '''Examples of Relative Clauses'''
4. '''Practice Exercises'''


<div class="pg_page_title">Malay (individual language) Grammar → Intermediate Structures → Relative Clauses</div>
5. '''Conclusion'''


__TOC__
__TOC__


<h1>Introduction</h1>
=== What are Relative Clauses? ===
 
Relative clauses are dependent clauses that provide additional information about a noun in the main clause. They typically begin with a relative pronoun, which in Malay can be "yang" (which/who/that).
 
=== How to Form Relative Clauses ===
 
In Malay, forming a relative clause is quite straightforward. You use the relative pronoun "yang" to link the clause to the noun it describes.
 
'''Basic Structure:'''
 
* Main Clause + Noun + "yang" + Relative Clause
 
For example:
 
* "Anak yang bermain" translates to "The child who is playing."
 
=== Examples of Relative Clauses ===
 
Let's look at some examples to solidify your understanding of relative clauses in Malay.
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
! Malay (individual language) !! Pronunciation !! English
 
|-
 
| Buku yang saya baca || ˈbuku jaŋ ˈsaja ˈbaca || The book that I read
 
|-
 
| Kucing yang tidur || ˈkuːtʃiŋ jaŋ ˈtidur || The cat that is sleeping
 
|-
 
| Orang yang datang || ˈoːraŋ jaŋ ˈda.taŋ || The person who is coming
 
|-
 
| Rumah yang besar || ˈru.maŋ jaŋ bəsar || The house that is big
 
|-
 
| Makanan yang enak || ma.kaˈnan jaŋ ˈe.nak || The food that is delicious
 
|-


<p>As you progress through this course, you will continue to learn new grammar structures that will help you to communicate more effectively in Malay. In this lesson, we will be focusing on relative clauses, which are essential for expressing complex ideas in a clear and concise manner.</p>
| Kereta yang baru || kəˈre.ta jaŋ ˈba.ru || The car that is new


<p>Relative clauses are used to provide additional information about a subject, such as its characteristics or qualities. For example, in the sentence "The book that I read was very interesting", the relative clause "that I read" provides context for the noun "book".</p>
|-


<p>By mastering the use of relative clauses in Malay, you will be able to construct more complex and nuanced sentences, which will greatly enhance your ability to communicate in the language.</p>
| Bunga yang cantik || ˈbu.ŋa jaŋ ˈtʃan.tik || The flower that is beautiful


<h2>Basic Overview</h2>
|-


<p>In Malay, relative clauses are formed using a relative pronoun or particle that introduces the additional information about the subject. These particles can vary depending on the context and the type of information being conveyed.</p>
| Cinta yang tulus || ˈtʃin.ta jaŋ ˈtu.lus || The love that is sincere


<p>There are two main types of relative clauses in Malay: restrictive and non-restrictive.</p>
|-


<p>A restrictive relative clause is used to define or limit the subject, indicating that it is one specific thing or person among many. For example, in the sentence "The man who stole my wallet was caught by the police", the relative clause "who stole my wallet" restricts the subject to a specific man.</p>
| Kawan yang setia || ka.wan jaŋ ˈse.ti.a || The friend who is loyal


<p>A non-restrictive relative clause, on the other hand, provides additional information about the subject without limiting or defining it. For example, in the sentence "My friend, who is a doctor, recommended this book to me", the relative clause "who is a doctor" provides additional information about the subject "my friend", but does not limit or define it.</p>
|-


<h2>Relative Pronouns and Particles</h2>
| Pelajar yang rajin || pəˈla.dʒar jaŋ ˈra.dʒin || The student who is diligent


<p>In Malay, there are several relative pronouns and particles that are used to introduce relative clauses. These include:</p>
|-


<ul>
| Ibu yang penyayang || ˈi.bu jaŋ pə.nja.jaŋ || The mother who is loving
<li><b>yang</b>: This is perhaps the most commonly used relative particle in Malay. It is used to introduce both restrictive and non-restrictive relative clauses.</li>
<li><b>di mana</b>: This particle is used to indicate location or place, and is often used in relative clauses that describe where something happened or is happening.</li>
<li><b>di sana</b>: Similar to di mana, di sana is used to indicate location or place, but is more commonly used in non-restrictive relative clauses.</li>
<li><b>yang mana</b>: This particle is used to introduce relative clauses that describe a specific thing or person, and is often used in restrictive clauses.</li>
</ul>


<h2>Examples</h2>
|-


<p>Let's take a look at some examples of relative clauses in Malay:</p>
| Pekerja yang keras || pə.kərˈdʒa jaŋ ˈkə.ras || The worker who is hard-working


<table class="wikitable">
|-
<tr>
<th>Malay (individual language)</th>
<th>Pronunciation</th>
<th>English Translation</th>
</tr>


<tr>
| Musim yang sejuk || ˈmu.sim jaŋ ˈse.dʒuk || The season that is cold
<td>Rumah <b>yang</b> besar itu milik dokter</td>
<td>ROO-mah yahng BAY-sar EE-too MIL-ik DOHK-ter</td>
<td>The big house belongs to the doctor</td>
</tr>


<tr>
|-
<td>Orang <b>yang</b> saya temui tadi adalah sahabat saya</td>
<td>OR-ahng YAHNG sah-YAH TEH-moo-ee TAH-dee AH-dah-LAH sah-HAH-baht SAH-yah</td>
<td>The person that I met earlier is my friend</td>
</tr>


<tr>
| Sukan yang menarik || ˈsu.kan jaŋ məˈna.rik || The sport that is interesting
<td>Toko <b>yang</b> tutup adalah toko elektronik</td>
<td>TOH-koh YAHNG TOO-tup AH-dah-LAH TOH-koh EH-lehk-TROH-neek</td>
<td>The shop that is closed is an electronics shop</td>
</tr>


<tr>
|-
<td>Surat <b>yang</b> dibawa oleh kurir itu penting</td>
<td>SOO-raht yahng dih-BAH-wah OH-leh KOO-reer EE-too PEN-ting</td>
<td>The letter that was brought by the courier is important</td>
</tr>


<tr>
| Lagu yang popular || ˈla.gu jaŋ pɔ.pu.lar || The song that is popular
<td>Taman <b>di mana</b> kami bermain sangat bersih</td>
<td>TAH-man dih MA-nah KA-mee BAYR-myn SAH-ngat BEHR-sih</td>
<td>The park where we played is very clean</td>
</tr>


<tr>
|-
<td>Kotak <b>yang</b> dijatuhkan itu pecah</td>
<td>KOH-tahk yahng dih-jah-TOO-kahn EE-too PEH-chah</td>
<td>The box that was dropped is broken</td>
</tr>


<tr>
| Buku yang tebal || ˈbuku jaŋ təˈbal || The book that is thick
<td>Cerita <b>yang</b> saya baca sangat menarik</td>
<td>CHEH-ree-tah yahng SAH-yah BA-chah SAH-ngat meh-NAH-rik</td>
<td>The story that I read is very interesting</td>
</tr>


<tr>
|-
<td>Dendang <b>yang</b> dinyanyikan oleh penyanyi itu sangat merdu</td>
<td>DEN-dahng YAHNG deen-YAHN-yik-ahn O-leh PEH-nya-nyee EE-too SAH-ngat MER-doo</td>
<td>The song that was sung by the singer is very melodious</td>
</tr>


</table>
| Kucing yang comel || ˈkuːtʃiŋ jaŋ ˈtʃo.məl || The cat that is cute


<h2>Practice</h2>
|-


<p>Now it's time to practice using relative clauses in Malay. Choose a few nouns or subjects, and try to form both restrictive and non-restrictive clauses using the appropriate relative pronouns or particles.</p>
| Makanan yang sihat || ma.kaˈnan jaŋ ˈsi.hat || The food that is healthy


<p>For example:</p>
|-


<ul>
| Pemandangan yang indah || pə.manˈdaŋ.an jaŋ ˈin.dah || The view that is beautiful
<li>Rumah (house): Rumah di mana saya tinggal cukup besar (The house where I live is quite big)</li>
<li>Orang (person): Orang yang saya temui tadi adalah bos saya (The person that I met earlier is my boss)</li>
<li>Baju (clothing): Baju yang saya beli kemarin sudah koyak (The clothes that I bought yesterday are already torn)</li>
</ul>


<p>Keep practicing until you feel confident using relative clauses in your spoken and written Malay. Remember to vary your sentence structures and to use appropriate particles and pronouns to convey the intended meaning.</p>
|-


<h2>Conclusion</h2>
| Rakan yang baik || ˈra.kan jaŋ ˈba.ik || The colleague who is good


<p>Relative clauses are an essential part of Malay grammar, and can greatly enhance your ability to communicate complex ideas in a clear and concise manner. By mastering the use of relative pronouns and particles, you will be able to construct more nuanced and complex sentences, greatly improving your fluency and proficiency in the language.</p>
|-


<p>Practice regularly, and don't be afraid to experiment with different sentence structures and particles. With time and effort, you will soon become an expert in using relative clauses in Malay!</p>
| Kegiatan yang bermanfaat || kə.ɡiˈatan jaŋ bər.məˈna.fat || The activity that is beneficial
 
|}
 
=== Practice Exercises ===
 
Now it’s time to practice what you've learned! Here are 10 exercises to help you apply relative clauses in various contexts.
 
'''Exercise 1: Translate the following sentences into Malay using relative clauses.'''
 
1. The man who is tall.
 
2. The dog that is barking.
 
3. The car that is fast.
 
4. The teacher who is friendly.
 
5. The book that I love.
 
'''Solutions:'''
 
1. Lelaki yang tinggi.
 
2. Anjing yang menyalak.
 
3. Kereta yang laju.
 
4. Cikgu yang mesra.
 
5. Buku yang saya suka.
 
'''Exercise 2: Complete the sentences using the correct relative clause.'''
 
1. The movie _______ was interesting.
 
2. The person _______ helped me.
 
3. The place _______ we visited.
 
4. The story _______ I told you.
 
5. The game _______ we played.
 
'''Solutions:'''
 
1. Filem yang menarik.
 
2. Orang yang membantu saya.
 
3. Tempat yang kami lawati.
 
4. Cerita yang saya ceritakan kepada anda.
 
5. Permainan yang kami main.
 
'''Exercise 3: Identify the relative clause in the following sentences.'''
 
1. The girl who sings is my sister.
 
2. The house that we bought is beautiful.
 
3. The restaurant that serves sushi is my favorite.
 
'''Solutions:'''
 
1. who sings
 
2. that we bought
 
3. that serves sushi
 
'''Exercise 4: Create your own sentences using relative clauses for the following nouns:'''
 
1. Teacher
 
2. Car
 
3. Tree
 
'''Example Solutions:'''
 
1. Guru yang mengajar dengan baik.
 
2. Kereta yang berwarna merah.
 
3. Pokok yang tinggi.
 
'''Exercise 5: Rewrite the following sentences by combining them into one using a relative clause.'''
 
1. The woman is a doctor. She is my mother.
 
2. The cat is very playful. It is mine.
 
3. The song is popular. It is on the radio.
 
'''Solutions:'''
 
1. Wanita yang merupakan doktor adalah ibu saya.
 
2. Kucing yang sangat suka bermain adalah milik saya.
 
3. Lagu yang popular ada di radio.
 
'''Exercise 6: Fill in the blanks with "yang" where necessary.'''
 
1. Buku ______ saya baca adalah menarik.
 
2. Kucing ______ tidur di atas meja comel.
 
3. Laporan ______ ditulis oleh saya sudah siap.
 
'''Solutions:'''
 
1. Buku yang saya baca adalah menarik.
 
2. Kucing yang tidur di atas meja comel.
 
3. Laporan yang ditulis oleh saya sudah siap.
 
'''Exercise 7: Match the Malay sentences with their English translations.'''
 
1. Ibu yang masak.
 
2. Rumah yang cantik.
 
3. Kereta yang lama.
 
'''Options:'''
 
A. The car that is old. 
 
B. The mother who cooks. 
 
C. The house that is beautiful.
 
'''Solutions:'''
 
1 - B 
 
2 - C 
 
3 - A 
 
'''Exercise 8: Create a relative clause for the following sentence:'''
 
"The man is my uncle."
 
'''Example Solution:'''
 
"Lelaki yang bekerja di pejabat adalah pakcik saya."
 
'''Exercise 9: Choose the correct relative pronoun (yang/yang tidak) based on the context.'''
 
1. Orang ______ datang ke sini.
 
2. Buku ______ saya pinjam sudah hilang.
 
'''Solutions:'''
 
1. Orang yang datang ke sini.
 
2. Buku yang saya pinjam sudah hilang.
 
'''Exercise 10: Write a short paragraph (3-4 sentences) using at least two relative clauses.'''
 
'''Example Solution:'''
 
"Saya mempunyai seorang kawan yang sangat pandai. Dia suka membaca buku yang menarik. Kami selalu pergi ke perpustakaan bersama."
 
=== Conclusion ===
 
Congratulations on completing this lesson on relative clauses in Malay! Understanding how to use relative clauses will significantly enhance your ability to express yourself more clearly and effectively. Remember to practice regularly, and soon, forming complex sentences will become second nature to you. Keep up the great work, and I look forward to our next lesson!


{{#seo:
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|title=Malay Grammar: Understanding Relative Clauses | Learn Malay
|keywords=Malay relative clauses, Malay grammar structures, Malay language course, Learn Malay online
|description=In this lesson, you will learn how to create and use relative clauses in Malay, including complex sentence structure. Understand the grammatical structure and practice with examples.}}


|title=Learn Malay Grammar: Relative Clauses


{{Malay-individual-language-0-to-A1-Course-TOC}}
|keywords=Malay grammar, relative clauses, learning Malay, beginner Malay lessons
 
|description=In this lesson, you will learn how to create and use relative clauses in Malay, enhancing your sentence structure and communication skills.
 
}}
 
{{Template:Malay-individual-language-0-to-A1-Course-TOC}}


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==Related Lessons==
==Other Lessons==
* [[Language/Malay-individual-language/Grammar/How-to-Use-Be|How to Use Be]]
* [[Language/Malay-individual-language/Grammar/How-to-Use-Be|How to Use Be]]
* [[Language/Malay-individual-language/Grammar/Give-your-Opinion|Give your Opinion]]
* [[Language/Malay-individual-language/Grammar/Give-your-Opinion|Give your Opinion]]
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* [[Language/Malay-individual-language/Grammar/Nouns|Nouns]]
* [[Language/Malay-individual-language/Grammar/Nouns|Nouns]]
* [[Language/Malay-individual-language/Grammar/Causative-Verbs|Causative Verbs]]
* [[Language/Malay-individual-language/Grammar/Causative-Verbs|Causative Verbs]]


{{Malay-individual-language-Page-Bottom}}
{{Malay-individual-language-Page-Bottom}}
<span pgnav>
{| class="wikitable pg_template_nav"
|[[Language/Malay-individual-language/Culture/Malay-Cuisine|◀️ Malay Cuisine — Previous Lesson]]
|[[Language/Malay-individual-language/Grammar/Passive-Voice|Next Lesson — Passive Voice ▶️]]
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</span>

Latest revision as of 08:32, 1 August 2024

◀️ Malay Cuisine — Previous Lesson Next Lesson — Passive Voice ▶️

Malaysia-Timeline-PolyglotClub.png
Malay (individual language) Grammar → Relative Clauses

Welcome to our lesson on Relative Clauses in Malay! Understanding how to use relative clauses is essential for forming more complex and nuanced sentences in any language, including Malay. In this lesson, we will explore what relative clauses are, how they function, and how you can use them effectively in your conversations.

Relative clauses help us give more information about a noun without starting a new sentence. For instance, instead of saying "The book is on the table. The book is mine," we can combine these into one sentence: "The book that is on the table is mine." This not only makes your speech more fluid but also enriches your communication.

Lesson Structure:[edit | edit source]

1. What are Relative Clauses?

2. How to Form Relative Clauses

3. Examples of Relative Clauses

4. Practice Exercises

5. Conclusion

What are Relative Clauses?[edit | edit source]

Relative clauses are dependent clauses that provide additional information about a noun in the main clause. They typically begin with a relative pronoun, which in Malay can be "yang" (which/who/that).

How to Form Relative Clauses[edit | edit source]

In Malay, forming a relative clause is quite straightforward. You use the relative pronoun "yang" to link the clause to the noun it describes.

Basic Structure:

  • Main Clause + Noun + "yang" + Relative Clause

For example:

  • "Anak yang bermain" translates to "The child who is playing."

Examples of Relative Clauses[edit | edit source]

Let's look at some examples to solidify your understanding of relative clauses in Malay.

Malay (individual language) Pronunciation English
Buku yang saya baca ˈbuku jaŋ ˈsaja ˈbaca The book that I read
Kucing yang tidur ˈkuːtʃiŋ jaŋ ˈtidur The cat that is sleeping
Orang yang datang ˈoːraŋ jaŋ ˈda.taŋ The person who is coming
Rumah yang besar ˈru.maŋ jaŋ bəsar The house that is big
Makanan yang enak ma.kaˈnan jaŋ ˈe.nak The food that is delicious
Kereta yang baru kəˈre.ta jaŋ ˈba.ru The car that is new
Bunga yang cantik ˈbu.ŋa jaŋ ˈtʃan.tik The flower that is beautiful
Cinta yang tulus ˈtʃin.ta jaŋ ˈtu.lus The love that is sincere
Kawan yang setia ka.wan jaŋ ˈse.ti.a The friend who is loyal
Pelajar yang rajin pəˈla.dʒar jaŋ ˈra.dʒin The student who is diligent
Ibu yang penyayang ˈi.bu jaŋ pə.nja.jaŋ The mother who is loving
Pekerja yang keras pə.kərˈdʒa jaŋ ˈkə.ras The worker who is hard-working
Musim yang sejuk ˈmu.sim jaŋ ˈse.dʒuk The season that is cold
Sukan yang menarik ˈsu.kan jaŋ məˈna.rik The sport that is interesting
Lagu yang popular ˈla.gu jaŋ pɔ.pu.lar The song that is popular
Buku yang tebal ˈbuku jaŋ təˈbal The book that is thick
Kucing yang comel ˈkuːtʃiŋ jaŋ ˈtʃo.məl The cat that is cute
Makanan yang sihat ma.kaˈnan jaŋ ˈsi.hat The food that is healthy
Pemandangan yang indah pə.manˈdaŋ.an jaŋ ˈin.dah The view that is beautiful
Rakan yang baik ˈra.kan jaŋ ˈba.ik The colleague who is good
Kegiatan yang bermanfaat kə.ɡiˈatan jaŋ bər.məˈna.fat The activity that is beneficial

Practice Exercises[edit | edit source]

Now it’s time to practice what you've learned! Here are 10 exercises to help you apply relative clauses in various contexts.

Exercise 1: Translate the following sentences into Malay using relative clauses.

1. The man who is tall.

2. The dog that is barking.

3. The car that is fast.

4. The teacher who is friendly.

5. The book that I love.

Solutions:

1. Lelaki yang tinggi.

2. Anjing yang menyalak.

3. Kereta yang laju.

4. Cikgu yang mesra.

5. Buku yang saya suka.

Exercise 2: Complete the sentences using the correct relative clause.

1. The movie _______ was interesting.

2. The person _______ helped me.

3. The place _______ we visited.

4. The story _______ I told you.

5. The game _______ we played.

Solutions:

1. Filem yang menarik.

2. Orang yang membantu saya.

3. Tempat yang kami lawati.

4. Cerita yang saya ceritakan kepada anda.

5. Permainan yang kami main.

Exercise 3: Identify the relative clause in the following sentences.

1. The girl who sings is my sister.

2. The house that we bought is beautiful.

3. The restaurant that serves sushi is my favorite.

Solutions:

1. who sings

2. that we bought

3. that serves sushi

Exercise 4: Create your own sentences using relative clauses for the following nouns:

1. Teacher

2. Car

3. Tree

Example Solutions:

1. Guru yang mengajar dengan baik.

2. Kereta yang berwarna merah.

3. Pokok yang tinggi.

Exercise 5: Rewrite the following sentences by combining them into one using a relative clause.

1. The woman is a doctor. She is my mother.

2. The cat is very playful. It is mine.

3. The song is popular. It is on the radio.

Solutions:

1. Wanita yang merupakan doktor adalah ibu saya.

2. Kucing yang sangat suka bermain adalah milik saya.

3. Lagu yang popular ada di radio.

Exercise 6: Fill in the blanks with "yang" where necessary.

1. Buku ______ saya baca adalah menarik.

2. Kucing ______ tidur di atas meja comel.

3. Laporan ______ ditulis oleh saya sudah siap.

Solutions:

1. Buku yang saya baca adalah menarik.

2. Kucing yang tidur di atas meja comel.

3. Laporan yang ditulis oleh saya sudah siap.

Exercise 7: Match the Malay sentences with their English translations.

1. Ibu yang masak.

2. Rumah yang cantik.

3. Kereta yang lama.

Options:

A. The car that is old.

B. The mother who cooks.

C. The house that is beautiful.

Solutions:

1 - B

2 - C

3 - A

Exercise 8: Create a relative clause for the following sentence:

"The man is my uncle."

Example Solution:

"Lelaki yang bekerja di pejabat adalah pakcik saya."

Exercise 9: Choose the correct relative pronoun (yang/yang tidak) based on the context.

1. Orang ______ datang ke sini.

2. Buku ______ saya pinjam sudah hilang.

Solutions:

1. Orang yang datang ke sini.

2. Buku yang saya pinjam sudah hilang.

Exercise 10: Write a short paragraph (3-4 sentences) using at least two relative clauses.

Example Solution:

"Saya mempunyai seorang kawan yang sangat pandai. Dia suka membaca buku yang menarik. Kami selalu pergi ke perpustakaan bersama."

Conclusion[edit | edit source]

Congratulations on completing this lesson on relative clauses in Malay! Understanding how to use relative clauses will significantly enhance your ability to express yourself more clearly and effectively. Remember to practice regularly, and soon, forming complex sentences will become second nature to you. Keep up the great work, and I look forward to our next lesson!

Table of Contents - Malay (individual language) Course - 0 to A1[edit source]


Introduction


Basic Vocabulary


Malay Culture and Tradition


Intermediate Structures


Advanced Vocabulary


Modern Malaysia


A1 Exam Preparation


Other Lessons[edit | edit source]



◀️ Malay Cuisine — Previous Lesson Next Lesson — Passive Voice ▶️

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