Difference between revisions of "Language/Malay-individual-language/Culture/Religion-and-Festivals"

From Polyglot Club WIKI
Jump to navigation Jump to search
m (Quick edit)
m (Quick edit)
 
(3 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
<span pgnav>
{| class="wikitable pg_template_nav"
|[[Language/Malay-individual-language/Vocabulary/Jobs-and-Professions|◀️ Jobs and Professions — Previous Lesson]]
|[[Language/Malay-individual-language/Culture/Malay-Customs-and-Traditions|Next Lesson — Malay Customs and Traditions ▶️]]
|}
</span>


{{Malay-individual-language-Page-Top}}
{{Malay-individual-language-Page-Top}}
<div class="pg_page_title">Malay (individual language) Culture → Religion and Festivals</div>
Welcome to the exciting world of Malay culture, where religion and festivals play a significant role in the fabric of everyday life. Understanding these aspects not only enriches your knowledge of the Malay language but also deepens your appreciation of the diverse society that speaks it.
In this lesson, we will explore '''Islam''', the primary religion in Malaysia, and learn about significant festivals such as '''Eid al-Fitr''' and '''Eid al-Adha'''. The connection between language and culture is profound, and by understanding these cultural elements, you will improve your communication skills in Malay.
'''Lesson Structure:'''
1. Introduction to Islam in Malaysia
2. Overview of Major Festivals
* Eid al-Fitr
* Eid al-Adha
3. Cultural Significance of Festivals


<div class="pg_page_title">Malay (individual language) Culture → Malay Culture and Tradition → Religion and Festivals</div>
4. Vocabulary Related to Religion and Festivals
 
5. Practice Exercises


__TOC__
__TOC__


<p>Hello and welcome to the Malay Culture and Tradition lesson on Religion and Festivals. In this lesson, we will learn about the role of Islam in Malay culture and some of the most important festivals celebrated throughout Malaysia.</p>
=== Introduction to Islam in Malaysia ===
 
Islam is not just a religion in Malaysia; it is a way of life that influences various aspects of Malay culture. About 60% of the Malaysian population identifies as Muslim, making it a cornerstone of the nation's identity.
 
The teachings of Islam promote values such as charity, compassion, and community, which are evident during festive seasons. The influence of Islam can be seen in the language, traditions, and day-to-day practices of the Malay people.
 
=== Overview of Major Festivals ===
 
==== Eid al-Fitr ====


== Islam in Malaysia ==
Eid al-Fitr, known as '''Hari Raya Aidilfitri''' in Malay, is one of the most celebrated festivals in Malaysia. It marks the end of '''Ramadan''', the holy month of fasting.


<p>Islam is the dominant religion in Malaysia, with approximately 60% of the population adhering to the faith. The spread of Islam in Malaysia dates back to the 12th century, when Muslim traders from India and the Middle East began to establish communities along the Malay Peninsula.</p>
'''Significance:'''


<p>The arrival of Islam brought with it a new written language, Jawi, which is based on Arabic script. Jawi is still used for some official government documents, and it is also sometimes used in religious texts and cultural artifacts.</p>
* '''Celebration of Gratitude:''' Eid al-Fitr is a day of thanksgiving to Allah for the strength and patience shown during Ramadan.


<p>One of the most important aspects of Islam in Malay culture is the concept of adab, which refers to proper etiquette and behavior. Adab encompasses a wide range of actions and attitudes, including respect for elders, humility, and kindness to others.</p>
* '''Community and Family:''' It emphasizes community bonds, where families come together to celebrate and visit relatives.


<p>If you want to learn more about Islam and its role in Malay culture, here are a few key Malay words and phrases to get you started:</p>
'''Key Customs:'''
 
* '''Morning Prayers:''' Muslims gather in mosques for special prayers.
 
* '''Feasting:''' A lavish feast is prepared with traditional dishes, symbolizing the end of fasting.
 
* '''Giving of Zakat:''' It is customary to give to the less fortunate, known as '''Zakat al-Fitr''', before the Eid prayers.
 
==== Eid al-Adha ====
 
Eid al-Adha, or '''Hari Raya Haji''', commemorates the willingness of Prophet Ibrahim to sacrifice his son as an act of obedience to God.
 
'''Significance:'''
 
* '''Devotion and Sacrifice:''' It reflects the spirit of sacrifice and submission to God's will.
 
* '''Charity:''' Similar to Eid al-Fitr, it also emphasizes helping those in need.
 
'''Key Customs:'''
 
* '''Animal Sacrifice:''' Families often sacrifice an animal, such as a cow or goat, and distribute the meat to the needy.
 
* '''Prayers:''' Just like Eid al-Fitr, special prayers are held in mosques.
 
* '''Community Feasting:''' Families and friends gather to enjoy meals together.
 
=== Cultural Significance of Festivals ===
 
Both Eid al-Fitr and Eid al-Adha are more than just religious observances; they are deeply woven into the social fabric of Malaysian life.
 
* '''Cultural Identity:''' These festivals reinforce cultural identity among Malaysians, creating a sense of belonging.
 
* '''Community Spirit:''' They foster community spirit as people come together, regardless of their background.
 
* '''Language and Learning:''' Language plays a vital role in these celebrations, as traditional greetings and phrases are exchanged, enhancing the learning experience for language students.
 
=== Vocabulary Related to Religion and Festivals ===
 
To help you connect more with the cultural aspects of these festivals, let’s look at some useful vocabulary.


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Malay (individual language) !! Pronunciation !! English
! Malay (individual language) !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| Islam || EE-slahm || Islam
 
| Islam || /islam/ || Islam
 
|-
|-
| syarat-syarat Islam || syah-RAHT syah-RAHT EE-slahm || Islamic requirements
 
| Hari Raya Aidilfitri || /ha.ri ˈra.ja a.i.dil.fi.tɾi/ || Eid al-Fitr
 
|-
|-
| shahada || shah-HAH-dah || testimony of faith
 
| Zakat || /za.kat/ || Almsgiving
 
|-
|-
| solat || soh-LAHT || prayer
 
| Ramadan || /ra.ma.dan/ || Ramadan
 
|-
|-
| zakat || ZAH-kaht || alms giving
 
| Masjid || /mas.dʒid/ || Mosque
 
|-
|-
| hajj || HAHJ || pilgrimage
 
| Keluarga || /kə.lu.ar.ga/ || Family
 
|-
|-
| al-Quran || ahl-koo-RAHN || Quran
|}


== Festivals in Malaysia ==
| Makanan || /ma.ka.nan/ || Food


<p>Malaysia is known for its rich cultural heritage and diverse ethnic groups, which means there are always exciting festivals to celebrate throughout the year. Here are a few of the most important festivals celebrated in Malaysia:</p>
|-


### Hari Raya Aidilfitri (Eid al-Fitr)
| Doa || /do.a/ || Prayer


<p>Hari Raya Aidilfitri, also known as Eid al-Fitr, is a major festival in the Islamic calendar that marks the end of Ramadan, the month of fasting. The festival is celebrated with prayer, family gatherings, and feasts of traditional Malay food. It is customary to wear new clothes, visit relatives and friends, and exchange gifts to mark the occasion.</p>
|-


<p>Here are a few Malay words and phrases related to Hari Raya Aidilfitri:</p>
| Berkorban || /bər.kor.ban/ || Sacrifice


{| class="wikitable"
! Malay (individual language) !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| Hari Raya Aidilfitri || HAH-ree RY-ah EYE-dil-FIT-ri || Eid al-Fitr
 
|-
| Haji || /ha.dʒi/ || Pilgrimage
| maaf zahir dan batin || mah-AHF zah-HEER dahn bah-TEEN || expression of forgiveness and reconciliation
 
|-
| ketupat || KAY-too-paht || rice cake
|-
| rendang || REHN-dahng || spicy meat dish
|}
|}


### Hari Raya Aidiladha (Eid al-Adha)
=== Practice Exercises ===
 
Now that you've learned about the cultural significance of Islam and the major festivals in Malaysia, it’s time to put your knowledge to the test!
 
==== Exercise 1: Vocabulary Matching ====
 
Match the Malay words with their English translations.
 
1. Zakat
 
2. Masjid


<p>Hari Raya Aidiladha, also known as Eid al-Adha, is another important festival in the Islamic calendar. The festival commemorates the prophet Ibrahim's willingness to sacrifice his son as an act of obedience to God. As part of the festival, Muslims who can afford it sacrifice an animal, usually a cow or goat, and donate a portion of the meat to the poor.</p>
3. Keluarga


<p>The festival is celebrated with prayer, family gatherings, and feasts. Here are a few Malay words and phrases related to Hari Raya Aidiladha:</p>
4. Haji


{| class="wikitable"
5. Doa
! Malay (individual language) !! Pronunciation !! English
 
|-
''Answers:''
| Hari Raya Aidiladha || HAH-ree RY-ah EYE-dil-AD-hah || Eid al-Adha
 
|-
1. Almsgiving
| korban || KOR-bahn || animal sacrifice
 
|-
2. Mosque
| daging rendang || DAH-geeng REHN-dahng || beef cooked in a spicy coconut sauce
 
|}
3. Family
 
4. Pilgrimage
 
5. Prayer
 
==== Exercise 2: Fill in the Blanks ====
 
Complete the sentences using the correct words from the vocabulary list.
 
1. Muslims perform special ________ in the mosque on Eid al-Fitr.
 
2. ________ is a time for family gatherings and delicious food.
 
3. It is important to give ________ before the Eid prayers.
 
4. Many people travel for the ________ to Mecca.
 
''Answers:''
 
1. prayers
 
2. Eid al-Fitr
 
3. Zakat
 
4. Haji
 
==== Exercise 3: True or False ====
 
Determine if the statements are true or false.
 
1. Eid al-Adha celebrates the end of Ramadan.
 
2. Zakat is a form of charity.
 
3. Masjid means home.
 
4. Families sacrifice animals during Eid al-Adha.
 
''Answers:''
 
1. False
 
2. True
 
3. False
 
4. True
 
==== Exercise 4: Short Answer ====
 
Answer the following questions in complete sentences.
 
1. What is the significance of Eid al-Fitr?
 
2. How do people celebrate Eid al-Adha?
 
''Answers:''
 
1. Eid al-Fitr is significant as it marks the end of Ramadan and is a day of thanksgiving to Allah.
 
2. People celebrate Eid al-Adha by performing prayers, sacrificing animals, and sharing the meat with those in need.
 
==== Exercise 5: Sentence Formation ====
 
Form sentences using the following words.
 
1. Aidilfitri
 
2. Masjid
 
3. Doa
 
''Answers may vary. Possible sentences:''
 
1. I celebrate Aidilfitri with my family.
 
2. We pray at the masjid on special occasions.
 
3. I always say a doa before meals.
 
==== Exercise 6: Role Play ====
 
In pairs, create a dialogue where one person is inviting the other to their home for Hari Raya Aidilfitri. Include at least three vocabulary words.
 
''Example Dialogue:''
 
A: "Selamat Hari Raya! Would you like to join my family for Aidilfitri celebrations?"
 
B: "Thank you! I would love to come. What food will you have?"
 
A: "We will have banyak makanan and do prayers together."
 
==== Exercise 7: Cultural Reflection ====
 
Write a short paragraph about what you think is the most interesting aspect of Eid al-Fitr or Eid al-Adha.
 
''Answers may vary. Encourage students to express their thoughts about the cultural significance, personal experiences, or unique traditions they find interesting.''
 
==== Exercise 8: Group Discussion ====
 
Discuss in groups the role of religion in Malaysian society and how festivals like Eid al-Fitr and Eid al-Adha contribute to social cohesion.
 
''Encourage students to share their perspectives and experiences, fostering a deeper understanding of the topic.''
 
==== Exercise 9: Matching Festivals ====
 
Match the festival with its description.
 
1. Eid al-Fitr
 
2. Eid al-Adha
 
A. Marks the end of Ramadan 


### Chinese New Year
B. Commemorates Ibrahim's sacrifice


<p>Chinese New Year is one of the most important festivals in the Chinese calendar, and it is celebrated enthusiastically by the Chinese community in Malaysia. The festival takes place on the first day of the lunar new year and lasts for 15 days. Celebrations include lion and dragon dances, fireworks, and feasting on traditional Chinese dishes such as dumplings and noodles.</p>
''Answers:''


<p>Here are a few Malay words and phrases related to Chinese New Year:</p>
1 - A


{| class="wikitable"
2 - B
! Malay (individual language) !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| Tahun Baru Cina || TAH-hoon BAH-roo CHEE-nah || Chinese New Year
|-
| ang pow || AH-ng pow || red envelope containing money
|-
| yee sang || YEE sahng || raw fish salad
|}


### Deepavali (Diwali)
==== Exercise 10: Create a Festival Calendar ====


<p>Deepavali, also known as Diwali, is a Hindu festival celebrated by the Indian community in Malaysia. The festival celebrates the triumph of light over darkness and good over evil. Celebrations include the lighting of oil lamps, known as diyas, and the exchange of sweets and gifts.</p>
Create a simple calendar for the month of Ramadan and include important dates for Eid al-Fitr and Eid al-Adha.


<p>Here are a few Malay words and phrases related to Deepavali:</p>
''Answers may vary. Encourage creativity and use of vocabulary learned in the lesson.''


{| class="wikitable"
As you wrap up this lesson, I hope you feel more connected to the rich culture behind the Malay language. Understanding the significance of religion and festivals is essential for anyone wishing to immerse themselves in the language and lifestyle of the Malay people.
! Malay (individual language) !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| Deepavali || DHEE-pah-VAH-lee || Diwali
|-
| kolam || KOH-lahm || colorful pattern made with rice flour
|-
| murukku || moo-roo-KOO || crunchy snack made with rice flour
|}


<p>Learning a bit about the different festivals celebrated in Malaysia can give you a deeper appreciation of the country's cultural diversity and can help you connect with local communities during your travels. As you continue your journey to learn Malay, remember to keep an open mind and explore the fascinating cultural traditions of this vibrant nation.</p>
Happy learning, and Selamat Hari Raya!


{{#seo:
{{#seo:
|title=Malay (individual language) Culture → Malay Culture and Tradition → Religion and Festivals
 
|keywords=Malay, Malay Culture, Malay Tradition, Religion, Festivals, Islam, Eid al-Fitr, Eid al-Adha, Malaysia, culture, diversity, Deepavali, Diwali, Chinese New Year, celebration
|title=Explore Malay Culture: Religion and Festivals
|description=In this lesson, you will learn about Islam, the main religion in Malaysia, and important festivals, including Eid al-Fitr and Eid al-Adha.
 
|keywords=Malay culture, Islam, Eid al-Fitr, Eid al-Adha, festivals, language learning
 
|description=In this lesson, you will learn about the significance of Islam and the major festivals celebrated in Malaysia, enhancing your understanding of the Malay language and culture.
 
}}
}}


{{Malay-individual-language-0-to-A1-Course-TOC}}
{{Template:Malay-individual-language-0-to-A1-Course-TOC}}


[[Category:Course]]
[[Category:Course]]
Line 120: Line 311:
[[Category:0-to-A1-Course]]
[[Category:0-to-A1-Course]]
[[Category:Malay-individual-language-0-to-A1-Course]]
[[Category:Malay-individual-language-0-to-A1-Course]]
<span openai_correct_model></span> <span gpt></span> <span model=gpt-4o-mini></span> <span temperature=0.7></span>




==Related Lessons==
 
==Other Lessons==
* [[Language/Malay-individual-language/Culture/Cocos-(Keeling)-Islands|Cocos (Keeling) Islands]]
* [[Language/Malay-individual-language/Culture/Cocos-(Keeling)-Islands|Cocos (Keeling) Islands]]
* [[Language/Malay-individual-language/Culture/Malay-Cuisine|Malay Cuisine]]
* [[Language/Malay-individual-language/Culture/Malay-Cuisine|Malay Cuisine]]
Line 130: Line 323:
* [[Language/Malay-individual-language/Culture/Art-and-Music|Art and Music]]
* [[Language/Malay-individual-language/Culture/Art-and-Music|Art and Music]]
* [[Language/Malay-individual-language/Culture/Malay-Customs-and-Traditions|Malay Customs and Traditions]]
* [[Language/Malay-individual-language/Culture/Malay-Customs-and-Traditions|Malay Customs and Traditions]]


{{Malay-individual-language-Page-Bottom}}
{{Malay-individual-language-Page-Bottom}}
<span pgnav>
{| class="wikitable pg_template_nav"
|[[Language/Malay-individual-language/Vocabulary/Jobs-and-Professions|◀️ Jobs and Professions — Previous Lesson]]
|[[Language/Malay-individual-language/Culture/Malay-Customs-and-Traditions|Next Lesson — Malay Customs and Traditions ▶️]]
|}
</span>

Latest revision as of 08:29, 1 August 2024

◀️ Jobs and Professions — Previous Lesson Next Lesson — Malay Customs and Traditions ▶️

Malaysia-Timeline-PolyglotClub.png
Malay (individual language) Culture → Religion and Festivals

Welcome to the exciting world of Malay culture, where religion and festivals play a significant role in the fabric of everyday life. Understanding these aspects not only enriches your knowledge of the Malay language but also deepens your appreciation of the diverse society that speaks it.

In this lesson, we will explore Islam, the primary religion in Malaysia, and learn about significant festivals such as Eid al-Fitr and Eid al-Adha. The connection between language and culture is profound, and by understanding these cultural elements, you will improve your communication skills in Malay.

Lesson Structure:

1. Introduction to Islam in Malaysia

2. Overview of Major Festivals

  • Eid al-Fitr
  • Eid al-Adha

3. Cultural Significance of Festivals

4. Vocabulary Related to Religion and Festivals

5. Practice Exercises

Introduction to Islam in Malaysia[edit | edit source]

Islam is not just a religion in Malaysia; it is a way of life that influences various aspects of Malay culture. About 60% of the Malaysian population identifies as Muslim, making it a cornerstone of the nation's identity.

The teachings of Islam promote values such as charity, compassion, and community, which are evident during festive seasons. The influence of Islam can be seen in the language, traditions, and day-to-day practices of the Malay people.

Overview of Major Festivals[edit | edit source]

Eid al-Fitr[edit | edit source]

Eid al-Fitr, known as Hari Raya Aidilfitri in Malay, is one of the most celebrated festivals in Malaysia. It marks the end of Ramadan, the holy month of fasting.

Significance:

  • Celebration of Gratitude: Eid al-Fitr is a day of thanksgiving to Allah for the strength and patience shown during Ramadan.
  • Community and Family: It emphasizes community bonds, where families come together to celebrate and visit relatives.

Key Customs:

  • Morning Prayers: Muslims gather in mosques for special prayers.
  • Feasting: A lavish feast is prepared with traditional dishes, symbolizing the end of fasting.
  • Giving of Zakat: It is customary to give to the less fortunate, known as Zakat al-Fitr, before the Eid prayers.

Eid al-Adha[edit | edit source]

Eid al-Adha, or Hari Raya Haji, commemorates the willingness of Prophet Ibrahim to sacrifice his son as an act of obedience to God.

Significance:

  • Devotion and Sacrifice: It reflects the spirit of sacrifice and submission to God's will.
  • Charity: Similar to Eid al-Fitr, it also emphasizes helping those in need.

Key Customs:

  • Animal Sacrifice: Families often sacrifice an animal, such as a cow or goat, and distribute the meat to the needy.
  • Prayers: Just like Eid al-Fitr, special prayers are held in mosques.
  • Community Feasting: Families and friends gather to enjoy meals together.

Cultural Significance of Festivals[edit | edit source]

Both Eid al-Fitr and Eid al-Adha are more than just religious observances; they are deeply woven into the social fabric of Malaysian life.

  • Cultural Identity: These festivals reinforce cultural identity among Malaysians, creating a sense of belonging.
  • Community Spirit: They foster community spirit as people come together, regardless of their background.
  • Language and Learning: Language plays a vital role in these celebrations, as traditional greetings and phrases are exchanged, enhancing the learning experience for language students.

Vocabulary Related to Religion and Festivals[edit | edit source]

To help you connect more with the cultural aspects of these festivals, let’s look at some useful vocabulary.

Malay (individual language) Pronunciation English
Islam /islam/ Islam
Hari Raya Aidilfitri /ha.ri ˈra.ja a.i.dil.fi.tɾi/ Eid al-Fitr
Zakat /za.kat/ Almsgiving
Ramadan /ra.ma.dan/ Ramadan
Masjid /mas.dʒid/ Mosque
Keluarga /kə.lu.ar.ga/ Family
Makanan /ma.ka.nan/ Food
Doa /do.a/ Prayer
Berkorban /bər.kor.ban/ Sacrifice
Haji /ha.dʒi/ Pilgrimage

Practice Exercises[edit | edit source]

Now that you've learned about the cultural significance of Islam and the major festivals in Malaysia, it’s time to put your knowledge to the test!

Exercise 1: Vocabulary Matching[edit | edit source]

Match the Malay words with their English translations.

1. Zakat

2. Masjid

3. Keluarga

4. Haji

5. Doa

Answers:

1. Almsgiving

2. Mosque

3. Family

4. Pilgrimage

5. Prayer

Exercise 2: Fill in the Blanks[edit | edit source]

Complete the sentences using the correct words from the vocabulary list.

1. Muslims perform special ________ in the mosque on Eid al-Fitr.

2. ________ is a time for family gatherings and delicious food.

3. It is important to give ________ before the Eid prayers.

4. Many people travel for the ________ to Mecca.

Answers:

1. prayers

2. Eid al-Fitr

3. Zakat

4. Haji

Exercise 3: True or False[edit | edit source]

Determine if the statements are true or false.

1. Eid al-Adha celebrates the end of Ramadan.

2. Zakat is a form of charity.

3. Masjid means home.

4. Families sacrifice animals during Eid al-Adha.

Answers:

1. False

2. True

3. False

4. True

Exercise 4: Short Answer[edit | edit source]

Answer the following questions in complete sentences.

1. What is the significance of Eid al-Fitr?

2. How do people celebrate Eid al-Adha?

Answers:

1. Eid al-Fitr is significant as it marks the end of Ramadan and is a day of thanksgiving to Allah.

2. People celebrate Eid al-Adha by performing prayers, sacrificing animals, and sharing the meat with those in need.

Exercise 5: Sentence Formation[edit | edit source]

Form sentences using the following words.

1. Aidilfitri

2. Masjid

3. Doa

Answers may vary. Possible sentences:

1. I celebrate Aidilfitri with my family.

2. We pray at the masjid on special occasions.

3. I always say a doa before meals.

Exercise 6: Role Play[edit | edit source]

In pairs, create a dialogue where one person is inviting the other to their home for Hari Raya Aidilfitri. Include at least three vocabulary words.

Example Dialogue:

A: "Selamat Hari Raya! Would you like to join my family for Aidilfitri celebrations?"

B: "Thank you! I would love to come. What food will you have?"

A: "We will have banyak makanan and do prayers together."

Exercise 7: Cultural Reflection[edit | edit source]

Write a short paragraph about what you think is the most interesting aspect of Eid al-Fitr or Eid al-Adha.

Answers may vary. Encourage students to express their thoughts about the cultural significance, personal experiences, or unique traditions they find interesting.

Exercise 8: Group Discussion[edit | edit source]

Discuss in groups the role of religion in Malaysian society and how festivals like Eid al-Fitr and Eid al-Adha contribute to social cohesion.

Encourage students to share their perspectives and experiences, fostering a deeper understanding of the topic.

Exercise 9: Matching Festivals[edit | edit source]

Match the festival with its description.

1. Eid al-Fitr

2. Eid al-Adha

A. Marks the end of Ramadan

B. Commemorates Ibrahim's sacrifice

Answers:

1 - A

2 - B

Exercise 10: Create a Festival Calendar[edit | edit source]

Create a simple calendar for the month of Ramadan and include important dates for Eid al-Fitr and Eid al-Adha.

Answers may vary. Encourage creativity and use of vocabulary learned in the lesson.

As you wrap up this lesson, I hope you feel more connected to the rich culture behind the Malay language. Understanding the significance of religion and festivals is essential for anyone wishing to immerse themselves in the language and lifestyle of the Malay people.

Happy learning, and Selamat Hari Raya!

Table of Contents - Malay (individual language) Course - 0 to A1[edit source]


Introduction


Basic Vocabulary


Malay Culture and Tradition


Intermediate Structures


Advanced Vocabulary


Modern Malaysia


A1 Exam Preparation


Other Lessons[edit | edit source]



◀️ Jobs and Professions — Previous Lesson Next Lesson — Malay Customs and Traditions ▶️

Retrieved from "https://polyglotclub.com/wiki/index.php?title=Language/Malay-individual-language/Culture/Religion-and-Festivals&oldid=295625"