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<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Hungarian|Hungarian]]  → [[Language/Hungarian/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Hungarian/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Introduction to Hungarian grammar → Verbs and tenses</div>
<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Hungarian|Hungarian]]  → [[Language/Hungarian/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Hungarian/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Verbs and tenses</div>
 
Welcome to our lesson on '''Hungarian Verbs and Tenses'''! Understanding verbs and their tenses is crucial in mastering any language, and Hungarian is no exception. Verbs help us convey actions, express time, and share experiences. In this lesson, we'll explore how to navigate the different tenses used in Hungarian, enabling you to express yourself more clearly and effectively.
 
This lesson will cover:
 
* The importance of verbs and tenses in Hungarian.
 
* An overview of the present, past, and future tenses.
 
* Detailed examples to illustrate the usage of each tense.
 
* Practice exercises to reinforce your understanding.
 
So, let’s dive in!


__TOC__
__TOC__


== Introduction ==
=== The Importance of Verbs and Tenses ===
 
Verbs are the backbone of any sentence. They tell us what action is taking place, who is performing it, and when it is happening. In Hungarian, the verb system is rich and nuanced, allowing speakers to convey precise meanings through various tenses.
 
Understanding the tenses is essential because:
 
* '''Present Tense''' allows you to describe actions occurring now or regularly.
 
* '''Past Tense''' helps you discuss events that have already happened.
 
* '''Future Tense''' enables you to talk about actions that will occur.
 
Mastering these tenses will not only enhance your communication skills but also deepen your understanding of Hungarian culture and everyday life.
 
=== Overview of Tenses ===
 
In Hungarian, there are three primary tenses:
 
1. '''Present Tense (Jelen idő)'''
 
2. '''Past Tense (Múlt idő)'''
 
3. '''Future Tense (Jövő idő)'''
 
Let's explore each of them in detail.
 
==== Present Tense (Jelen idő) ====
 
The present tense is used to describe actions that are currently happening or general truths. In Hungarian, present tense verbs are conjugated based on the subject pronoun.
 
''Conjugation Pattern:''
 
Here are the personal pronouns and their corresponding present tense verb endings:
 
| Personal Pronoun | Ending |
 
|------------------|--------|
 
| én (I)          | -ok/-ek/-ök |
 
| te (you, singular) | -sz |
 
| ő (he/she/it)    | -ik |
 
| mi (we)          | -unk/-ünk |
 
| ti (you, plural) | -tok/-tek/-tök |
 
| ők (they)        | -nak/-nek |
 
''Example Verbs:''
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
! Hungarian !! Pronunciation !! English
 
|-
 
| írok || ˈiːrok || I write
 
|-
 
| írsz || ˈiːrs || you (singular) write
 
|-
 
| ír || iːr || he/she/it writes
 
|-
 
| írunk || ˈiːrunɡ || we write
 
|-
 
| írtok || ˈiːrtok || you (plural) write
 
|-
 
| írnak || ˈiːrnɑk || they write
 
|}
 
==== Past Tense (Múlt idő) ====
 
The past tense describes actions that have already occurred. In Hungarian, the past tense is formed by adding specific endings to the verb stem.
 
''Conjugation Pattern:''
 
| Personal Pronoun | Ending |
 
|------------------|--------|
 
| én (I)          | -tam/-tem |
 
| te (you, singular) | -tál/-tél |
 
| ő (he/she/it)    | -t |
 
| mi (we)          | -tunk/-tünk |
 
| ti (you, plural) | -tatok/-tettetek |
 
| ők (they)        | -tak/-tek |
 
''Example Verbs:''
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
! Hungarian !! Pronunciation !! English
 
|-
 
| írtam || ˈiːrtɒm || I wrote
 
|-
 
| írtál || ˈiːrtɒl || you (singular) wrote
 
|-
 
| írt || iːrt || he/she/it wrote
 
|-
 
| írtunk || ˈiːrtunk || we wrote
 
|-
 
| írtatok || ˈiːrtɒtok || you (plural) wrote
 
|-
 
| írtak || ˈiːrtɑk || they wrote
 
|}
 
==== Future Tense (Jövő idő) ====
 
The future tense expresses actions that will happen. It is formed using verb prefixes and specific endings.
 
''Conjugation Pattern:''
 
| Personal Pronoun | Ending |
 
|------------------|--------|
 
| én (I)          | -ni fogok |
 
| te (you, singular) | -ni fogsz |
 
| ő (he/she/it)    | -ni fog |
 
| mi (we)          | -ni fogunk |
 
| ti (you, plural) | -ni fogtok |
 
| ők (they)        | -ni fognak |
 
''Example Verbs:''
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
! Hungarian !! Pronunciation !! English
 
|-
 
| fogok írni || ˈfoɡok ˈiːrni || I will write
 
|-
 
| fogsz írni || ˈfoɡsz ˈiːrni || you (singular) will write
 
|-
 
| fog írni || ˈfoɡ ˈiːrni || he/she/it will write
 
|-
 
| fogunk írni || ˈfoɡunk ˈiːrni || we will write
 
|-
 
| fogtok írni || ˈfoɡtok ˈiːrni || you (plural) will write
 
|-
 
| fognak írni || ˈfoɡnɑk ˈiːrni || they will write
 
|}
 
=== Practice Exercises ===
 
To solidify your understanding of Hungarian verbs and tenses, here are some exercises for you to complete.
 
=== Exercise 1: Present Tense Conjugation ===
 
Conjugate the following verbs in the present tense for each personal pronoun:
 
1. '''tanulni''' (to learn)
 
2. '''olvasni''' (to read)
 
''Solution:''
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
! Hungarian !! Pronunciation !! English


Welcome to the lesson on Hungarian verbs and tenses! In this lesson, we will explore the different tenses in the Hungarian language and how to use them to express past, present, and future actions. Understanding verb tenses is essential for effective communication in Hungarian, as it allows us to convey the time frame of an action or event. By the end of this lesson, you will have a solid understanding of Hungarian verb tenses and be able to use them confidently in your conversations.
|-


In this lesson, we will cover the following topics:
| tanulok || ˈtɒnulok || I learn


1. The importance of verb tenses in Hungarian
|-
2. Overview of Hungarian verb conjugation
3. Present tense in Hungarian
4. Past tense in Hungarian
5. Future tense in Hungarian
6. Continuous and perfect tenses in Hungarian
7. Conditional and subjunctive moods in Hungarian
8. Exercises to practice using Hungarian verb tenses


Let's get started!
| tanulsz || ˈtɒnulsz || you (singular) learn


== The Importance of Verb Tenses in Hungarian ==
|-


Verb tenses play a crucial role in any language, including Hungarian. They allow us to express when an action or event takes place, whether it is in the past, present, or future. Hungarian verb tenses are formed by adding tense markers to the verb stem, which indicate the time frame of the action.
| tanul || ˈtɒnul || he/she/it learns


Understanding and correctly using verb tenses is essential for effective communication in Hungarian. It helps us convey our thoughts and ideas accurately, as well as understand the timing of events mentioned by others. By mastering verb tenses, you will be able to express yourself more clearly and engage in meaningful conversations with native Hungarian speakers.
|-
 
| tanulunk || ˈtɒnulunk || we learn
 
|-


== Overview of Hungarian Verb Conjugation ==
| tanultok || ˈtɒnultok || you (plural) learn


Before we dive into the different tenses in Hungarian, let's briefly discuss Hungarian verb conjugation. In Hungarian, verbs can be conjugated to match the subject of a sentence in terms of person, number, and gender. However, unlike some other languages, Hungarian verbs do not change their form based on the subject's person or number.
|-


Instead, Hungarian verbs have a single base form, also known as the infinitive form, which is used as a dictionary form of the verb. From this base form, we add tense markers to indicate the time frame of the action.
| tanulnak || ˈtɒnulnɑk || they learn


Let's take a look at an example to illustrate Hungarian verb conjugation:
|}


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Hungarian !! Pronunciation !! English
! Hungarian !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| dolgozni || ['dolɡoʒni] || to work
 
| olvasok || ˈolvɒsok || I read
 
|-
 
| olvasol || ˈolvɒsol || you (singular) read
 
|-
 
| olvas || ˈolvɒs || he/she/it reads
 
|-
 
| olvasunk || ˈolvɒsunk || we read
 
|-
 
| olvastok || ˈolvɒstok || you (plural) read
 
|-
 
| olvasnak || ˈolvɒsnɑk || they read
 
|}
|}


In this example, "dolgozni" is the infinitive form of the verb "to work." Regardless of the subject or tense, the base form remains the same. We will add tense markers to this base form to form different verb tenses.
=== Exercise 2: Past Tense Conjugation ===


Now that we have a basic understanding of Hungarian verb conjugation, let's explore the different tenses in detail.
Conjugate the following verbs in the past tense for each personal pronoun:


== Present Tense in Hungarian ==
1. '''tanulni''' (to learn)


The present tense in Hungarian is used to describe actions that are happening now or are generally true. To form the present tense, we add tense markers to the verb stem.
2. '''olvasni''' (to read)


Let's take a look at how the present tense is formed in Hungarian:
''Solution:''


=== Present Tense Markers ===
{| class="wikitable"


The present tense markers in Hungarian depend on the verb type. Hungarian verbs can be classified into two categories: regular verbs and irregular verbs.
! Hungarian !! Pronunciation !! English


1. Regular Verbs: For regular verbs, the present tense marker is "-ik" for third-person singular subjects and "-ek/-ok/-ök" for all other subjects. The specific marker depends on the vowel harmony rules and the conjugation class of the verb.
|-


2. Irregular Verbs: Irregular verbs have their own unique present tense forms that do not follow the regular conjugation patterns. These verbs must be memorized individually.
| tanultam || ˈtɒnultam || I learned


=== Examples ===
|-


Let's see some examples of the present tense in Hungarian:
| tanultál || ˈtɒnultɒl || you (singular) learned


1. Regular Verb: "tanul" (to study)
|-
* tanulok (I study)
* tanulsz (you study)
* tanul (he/she/it studies)
* tanulunk (we study)
* tanultok (you all study)
* tanulnak (they study)


2. Irregular Verb: "van" (to be)
| tanult || ˈtɒnult || he/she/it learned
* vagyok (I am)
* vagy (you are)
* van (he/she/it is)
* vagyunk (we are)
* vagytok (you all are)
* vannak (they are)


As you can see from these examples, the present tense markers are added to the verb stem to indicate the present time frame. Pay attention to the specific markers used for different subjects and verb types.
|-


== Past Tense in Hungarian ==
| tanultunk || ˈtɒnultunk || we learned


The past tense in Hungarian is used to describe actions or events that have already happened in the past. To form the past tense, we add tense markers to the verb stem.
|-


Let's take a look at how the past tense is formed in Hungarian:
| tanultatok || ˈtɒnultɒtok || you (plural) learned


=== Past Tense Markers ===
|-


The past tense markers in Hungarian also depend on the verb type. Regular verbs and irregular verbs have different forms in the past tense.
| tanultak || ˈtɒnultɑk || they learned


1. Regular Verbs: For regular verbs, the past tense marker is "-t/-tt" for both singular and plural subjects. The specific marker depends on the final consonant of the verb stem.
|}


2. Irregular Verbs: Irregular verbs have their own unique past tense forms that do not follow the regular conjugation patterns. These verbs must be memorized individually.
{| class="wikitable"


=== Examples ===
! Hungarian !! Pronunciation !! English


Let's see some examples of the past tense in Hungarian:
|-


1. Regular Verb: "tanul" (to study)
| olvastam || ˈolvɒstɒm || I read (past)
* tanultam (I studied)
* tanultál (you studied)
* tanult (he/she/it studied)
* tanultunk (we studied)
* tanultatok (you all studied)
* tanultak (they studied)


2. Irregular Verb: "volt" (to be)
|-
* voltam (I was)
* voltál (you were)
* volt (he/she/it was)
* voltunk (we were)
* voltatok (you all were)
* voltak (they were)


In the past tense, pay attention to the specific past tense markers used for different verb types. Regular verbs follow the "-t/-tt" pattern, while irregular verbs have their own unique forms.
| olvastál || ˈolvɒstɒl || you (singular) read (past)


== Future Tense in Hungarian ==
|-


The future tense in Hungarian is used to describe actions or events that will happen in the future. To form the future tense, we add tense markers to the verb stem.
| olvasott || ˈolvɒsott || he/she/it read (past)


Let's take a look at how the future tense is formed in Hungarian:
|-
 
| olvastunk || ˈolvɒstunk || we read (past)
 
|-
 
| olvastatok || ˈolvɒstatok || you (plural) read (past)


=== Future Tense Markers ===
|-


The future tense markers in Hungarian depend on the verb type. Regular verbs and irregular verbs have different forms in the future tense.
| olvastak || ˈolvɒstɑk || they read (past)


1. Regular Verbs: For regular verbs, the future tense marker is "-ni" for all subjects.
|}


2. Irregular Verbs: Irregular verbs have their own unique future tense forms that do not follow the regular conjugation patterns. These verbs must be memorized individually.
=== Exercise 3: Future Tense Conjugation ===


=== Examples ===
Conjugate the following verbs in the future tense for each personal pronoun:


Let's see some examples of the future tense in Hungarian:
1. '''tanulni''' (to learn)


1. Regular Verb: "tanul" (to study)
2. '''olvasni''' (to read)
* tanulok (I will study)
* tanulsz (you will study)
* tanul (he/she/it will study)
* tanulunk (we will study)
* tanultok (you all will study)
* tanulnak (they will study)


2. Irregular Verb: "lesz" (to be)
''Solution:''
* leszek (I will be)
* leszel (you will be)
* lesz (he/she/it will be)
* leszünk (we will be)
* lesztek (you all will be)
* lesznek (they will be)


In the future tense, pay attention to the specific future tense markers used for different verb types. Regular verbs generally follow the "-ni" pattern, while irregular verbs have their own unique forms.
{| class="wikitable"


== Continuous and Perfect Tenses in Hungarian ==
! Hungarian !! Pronunciation !! English


In addition to the basic verb tenses, Hungarian also has continuous and perfect tenses to express ongoing actions and completed actions, respectively.
|-


=== Continuous Tense ===
| fogok tanulni || ˈfoɡok ˈtɒnulni || I will learn


The continuous tense in Hungarian is used to describe actions that are currently happening or were happening in the past. It is formed by combining the present tense of the verb "van" (to be) with the present participle of the main verb.
|-


Let's see an example of the continuous tense in Hungarian:
| fogsz tanulni || ˈfoɡsz ˈtɒnulni || you (singular) will learn


* Sétálok. (I am walking.)
|-


In this example, "sétálok" is formed by combining the present tense of "van" (vagyok) with the present participle of "sétál" (walking).
| fog tanulni || ˈfoɡ ˈtɒnulni || he/she/it will learn


=== Perfect Tense ===
|-


The perfect tense in Hungarian is used to describe actions or events that have already been completed. It is formed by combining the past participle of the main verb with the auxiliary verb "van" (to be).
| fogunk tanulni || ˈfoɡunk ˈtɒnulni || we will learn


Let's see an example of the perfect tense in Hungarian:
|-


* Dolgoztam. (I have worked.)
| fogtok tanulni || ˈfoɡtok ˈtɒnulni || you (plural) will learn


In this example, "dolgoztam" is formed by combining the past participle of "dolgoz" (worked) with the auxiliary verb "van" (voltam).
|-


== Conditional and Subjunctive Moods in Hungarian ==
| fognak tanulni || ˈfoɡnɑk ˈtɒnulni || they will learn


In addition to verb tenses, Hungarian also has conditional and subjunctive moods to express hypothetical or doubtful situations.
|}


=== Conditional Mood ===
{| class="wikitable"


The conditional mood in Hungarian is used to express actions or events that would happen under certain conditions. It is formed by combining the present tense of the verb "lenne" (to be) with the past participle of the main verb.
! Hungarian !! Pronunciation !! English


Let's see an example of the conditional mood in Hungarian:
|-


* Ha lenne időm, olvasnék egy könyvet. (If I had time, I would read a book.)
| fogok olvasni || ˈfoɡok ˈolvɒsni || I will read


In this example, "olvasnék" is formed by combining the present tense of "lenne" (lenne) with the past participle of "olvas" (read).
|-


=== Subjunctive Mood ===
| fogsz olvasni || ˈfoɡsz ˈolvɒsni || you (singular) will read


The subjunctive mood in Hungarian is used to express wishes, desires, or recommendations. It is formed by adding the suffix "-a/-e/-je" to the verb stem.
|-


Let's see an example of the subjunctive mood in Hungarian:
| fog olvasni || ˈfoɡ ˈolvɒsni || he/she/it will read


* Kívánom, hogy boldog legyél. (I wish you to be happy.)
|-


In this example, "legyél" is the subjunctive form of "lenni" (to be).
| fogunk olvasni || ˈfoɡunk ˈolvɒsni || we will read


== Exercises to Practice Using Hungarian Verb Tenses ==
|-


Now that we have covered the different tenses in Hungarian, it's time to put your knowledge into practice! Here are some exercises to help you practice using Hungarian verb tenses:
| fogtok olvasni || ˈfoɡtok ˈolvɒsni || you (plural) will read


1. Conjugate the verb "tanul" (to study) in the present tense for all subjects.
|-


2. Form the past tense of the verb "ír" (to write) for the first-person singular subject.
| fognak olvasni || ˈfoɡnɑk ˈolvɒsni || they will read


3. Conjugate the verb "fut" (to run) in the future tense for all subjects.
|}


4. Create a sentence using the continuous tense to describe an action you are currently doing.
=== Exercise 4: Fill in the Blanks ===


5. Form the perfect tense of the verb "olvas" (to read) for the third-person plural subject.
Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verb in parentheses.


Solutions:
1. Én ______ (tanulni) magyarul.


1. tanulok, tanulsz, tanul, tanulunk, tanultok, tanulnak
2. Ő ______ (olvasni) egy könyvet.
2. írtam
3. futok, futsz, fut, futunk, futtok, futnak
4. Péter sétál.
5. olvastak


Take your time to complete these exercises and feel free to review the lesson content if needed. Practice is key to mastering Hungarian verb tenses!
3. Mi ______ (tanulni) a múlt időt.
 
4. Ti ______ (olvasni) jó könyveket.
 
5. Ők ______ (tanulni) a jövőt.
 
''Solution:''
 
1. Én '''tanulok''' magyarul.
 
2. Ő '''olvassa''' egy könyvet.
 
3. Mi '''tudtuk''' a múlt időt.
 
4. Ti '''olvassátok''' jó könyveket.
 
5. Ők '''fognak tanulni''' a jövőt.
 
=== Exercise 5: Translate the Sentences ===
 
Translate the following sentences into Hungarian.
 
1. I will read a book.
 
2. They learned yesterday.
 
3. You write very well.
 
''Solution:''
 
1. '''Fogok olvasni egy könyvet.'''
 
2. '''Tegnap tanultak.'''
 
3. '''Nagyon jól írsz.'''
 
=== Exercise 6: Verb Matching ===
 
Match the verb to its correct tense:
 
1. írok
 
2. írtál
 
3. fogok írni
 
4. tanult
 
5. olvastam
 
''Solution:''
 
1. írok - Present
 
2. írtál - Past
 
3. fogok írni - Future
 
4. tanult - Past
 
5. olvastam - Past
 
=== Exercise 7: Sentence Creation ===
 
Create sentences using the following verbs in different tenses:
 
1. '''tanulni'''
 
2. '''olvasni'''
 
''Solution:''
 
1. Present: '''Én tanulok magyarul.''' (I am learning Hungarian.)
 
Past: '''Tegnap tanultam magyarul.''' (I learned Hungarian yesterday.)
 
Future: '''Holnap fogok tanulni.''' (I will learn tomorrow.)
 
2. Present: '''Ő olvas egy könyvet.''' (He/She is reading a book.)
 
Past: '''Ő olvasott egy könyvet.''' (He/She read a book.)
 
Future: '''Ő fog olvasni egy könyvet.''' (He/She will read a book.)
 
=== Exercise 8: Identify the Tense ===
 
Identify the tense of the following sentences:
 
1. Én olvastam tegnap.
 
2. Ők tanulnak most.
 
3. Te fogsz tanulni.
 
''Solution:''
 
1. Past
 
2. Present
 
3. Future
 
=== Exercise 9: Conjugation Challenge ===
 
Conjugate the verb '''menni''' (to go) in all three tenses for the pronoun "mi" (we).
 
''Solution:''
 
Present: '''megyünk''' (we go) 
 
Past: '''mentünk''' (we went) 
 
Future: '''fogunk menni''' (we will go)
 
=== Exercise 10: Create a Dialogue ===
 
Write a short dialogue between two people using all three tenses.
 
''Solution:''
 
Person A: '''Tegnap tanultam magyarul.''' (I learned Hungarian yesterday.) 
 
Person B: '''Most tanulsz?''' (Are you learning now?) 
 
Person A: '''Igen, írok egy szöveget.''' (Yes, I am writing a text.) 
 
Person B: '''Holnap fogok olvasni.''' (I will read tomorrow.)
 
Congratulations on completing the lesson on Hungarian verbs and tenses! Remember, practice makes perfect. Keep using the verbs and tenses in your conversations, and you’ll become more comfortable over time.


{{#seo:
{{#seo:
|title=Hungarian Grammar → Introduction to Hungarian grammar → Verbs and tenses
 
|keywords=Hungarian grammar, Hungarian verb tenses, Hungarian present tense, Hungarian past tense, Hungarian future tense, Hungarian continuous tense, Hungarian perfect tense, Hungarian conditional mood, Hungarian subjunctive mood
|title=Hungarian Grammar: Verbs and Tenses
|description=In this lesson, you will learn about the different Hungarian verb tenses and how to use them to express past, present, or future actions. We will explore the present, past, and future tenses, as well as the continuous and perfect tenses. Get ready to dive into Hungarian grammar!
 
|keywords=Hungarian grammar, Hungarian verbs, Hungarian tenses, language learning, beginner Hungarian, Hungarian language course
 
|description=In this lesson, you will learn about Hungarian verbs and their tenses, enabling you to express actions in the past, present, and future.
 
}}
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==Videos==
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Latest revision as of 22:34, 31 July 2024


Hungary-Timeline-PolyglotClub.png
Hungarian → Grammar → 0 to A1 Course → Verbs and tenses

Welcome to our lesson on Hungarian Verbs and Tenses! Understanding verbs and their tenses is crucial in mastering any language, and Hungarian is no exception. Verbs help us convey actions, express time, and share experiences. In this lesson, we'll explore how to navigate the different tenses used in Hungarian, enabling you to express yourself more clearly and effectively.

This lesson will cover:

  • The importance of verbs and tenses in Hungarian.
  • An overview of the present, past, and future tenses.
  • Detailed examples to illustrate the usage of each tense.
  • Practice exercises to reinforce your understanding.

So, let’s dive in!

The Importance of Verbs and Tenses[edit | edit source]

Verbs are the backbone of any sentence. They tell us what action is taking place, who is performing it, and when it is happening. In Hungarian, the verb system is rich and nuanced, allowing speakers to convey precise meanings through various tenses.

Understanding the tenses is essential because:

  • Present Tense allows you to describe actions occurring now or regularly.
  • Past Tense helps you discuss events that have already happened.
  • Future Tense enables you to talk about actions that will occur.

Mastering these tenses will not only enhance your communication skills but also deepen your understanding of Hungarian culture and everyday life.

Overview of Tenses[edit | edit source]

In Hungarian, there are three primary tenses:

1. Present Tense (Jelen idő)

2. Past Tense (Múlt idő)

3. Future Tense (Jövő idő)

Let's explore each of them in detail.

Present Tense (Jelen idő)[edit | edit source]

The present tense is used to describe actions that are currently happening or general truths. In Hungarian, present tense verbs are conjugated based on the subject pronoun.

Conjugation Pattern:

Here are the personal pronouns and their corresponding present tense verb endings:

| Personal Pronoun | Ending |

|------------------|--------|

| én (I) | -ok/-ek/-ök |

| te (you, singular) | -sz |

| ő (he/she/it) | -ik |

| mi (we) | -unk/-ünk |

| ti (you, plural) | -tok/-tek/-tök |

| ők (they) | -nak/-nek |

Example Verbs:

Hungarian Pronunciation English
írok ˈiːrok I write
írsz ˈiːrs you (singular) write
ír iːr he/she/it writes
írunk ˈiːrunɡ we write
írtok ˈiːrtok you (plural) write
írnak ˈiːrnɑk they write

Past Tense (Múlt idő)[edit | edit source]

The past tense describes actions that have already occurred. In Hungarian, the past tense is formed by adding specific endings to the verb stem.

Conjugation Pattern:

| Personal Pronoun | Ending |

|------------------|--------|

| én (I) | -tam/-tem |

| te (you, singular) | -tál/-tél |

| ő (he/she/it) | -t |

| mi (we) | -tunk/-tünk |

| ti (you, plural) | -tatok/-tettetek |

| ők (they) | -tak/-tek |

Example Verbs:

Hungarian Pronunciation English
írtam ˈiːrtɒm I wrote
írtál ˈiːrtɒl you (singular) wrote
írt iːrt he/she/it wrote
írtunk ˈiːrtunk we wrote
írtatok ˈiːrtɒtok you (plural) wrote
írtak ˈiːrtɑk they wrote

Future Tense (Jövő idő)[edit | edit source]

The future tense expresses actions that will happen. It is formed using verb prefixes and specific endings.

Conjugation Pattern:

| Personal Pronoun | Ending |

|------------------|--------|

| én (I) | -ni fogok |

| te (you, singular) | -ni fogsz |

| ő (he/she/it) | -ni fog |

| mi (we) | -ni fogunk |

| ti (you, plural) | -ni fogtok |

| ők (they) | -ni fognak |

Example Verbs:

Hungarian Pronunciation English
fogok írni ˈfoɡok ˈiːrni I will write
fogsz írni ˈfoɡsz ˈiːrni you (singular) will write
fog írni ˈfoɡ ˈiːrni he/she/it will write
fogunk írni ˈfoɡunk ˈiːrni we will write
fogtok írni ˈfoɡtok ˈiːrni you (plural) will write
fognak írni ˈfoɡnɑk ˈiːrni they will write

Practice Exercises[edit | edit source]

To solidify your understanding of Hungarian verbs and tenses, here are some exercises for you to complete.

Exercise 1: Present Tense Conjugation[edit | edit source]

Conjugate the following verbs in the present tense for each personal pronoun:

1. tanulni (to learn)

2. olvasni (to read)

Solution:

Hungarian Pronunciation English
tanulok ˈtɒnulok I learn
tanulsz ˈtɒnulsz you (singular) learn
tanul ˈtɒnul he/she/it learns
tanulunk ˈtɒnulunk we learn
tanultok ˈtɒnultok you (plural) learn
tanulnak ˈtɒnulnɑk they learn
Hungarian Pronunciation English
olvasok ˈolvɒsok I read
olvasol ˈolvɒsol you (singular) read
olvas ˈolvɒs he/she/it reads
olvasunk ˈolvɒsunk we read
olvastok ˈolvɒstok you (plural) read
olvasnak ˈolvɒsnɑk they read

Exercise 2: Past Tense Conjugation[edit | edit source]

Conjugate the following verbs in the past tense for each personal pronoun:

1. tanulni (to learn)

2. olvasni (to read)

Solution:

Hungarian Pronunciation English
tanultam ˈtɒnultam I learned
tanultál ˈtɒnultɒl you (singular) learned
tanult ˈtɒnult he/she/it learned
tanultunk ˈtɒnultunk we learned
tanultatok ˈtɒnultɒtok you (plural) learned
tanultak ˈtɒnultɑk they learned
Hungarian Pronunciation English
olvastam ˈolvɒstɒm I read (past)
olvastál ˈolvɒstɒl you (singular) read (past)
olvasott ˈolvɒsott he/she/it read (past)
olvastunk ˈolvɒstunk we read (past)
olvastatok ˈolvɒstatok you (plural) read (past)
olvastak ˈolvɒstɑk they read (past)

Exercise 3: Future Tense Conjugation[edit | edit source]

Conjugate the following verbs in the future tense for each personal pronoun:

1. tanulni (to learn)

2. olvasni (to read)

Solution:

Hungarian Pronunciation English
fogok tanulni ˈfoɡok ˈtɒnulni I will learn
fogsz tanulni ˈfoɡsz ˈtɒnulni you (singular) will learn
fog tanulni ˈfoɡ ˈtɒnulni he/she/it will learn
fogunk tanulni ˈfoɡunk ˈtɒnulni we will learn
fogtok tanulni ˈfoɡtok ˈtɒnulni you (plural) will learn
fognak tanulni ˈfoɡnɑk ˈtɒnulni they will learn
Hungarian Pronunciation English
fogok olvasni ˈfoɡok ˈolvɒsni I will read
fogsz olvasni ˈfoɡsz ˈolvɒsni you (singular) will read
fog olvasni ˈfoɡ ˈolvɒsni he/she/it will read
fogunk olvasni ˈfoɡunk ˈolvɒsni we will read
fogtok olvasni ˈfoɡtok ˈolvɒsni you (plural) will read
fognak olvasni ˈfoɡnɑk ˈolvɒsni they will read

Exercise 4: Fill in the Blanks[edit | edit source]

Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verb in parentheses.

1. Én ______ (tanulni) magyarul.

2. Ő ______ (olvasni) egy könyvet.

3. Mi ______ (tanulni) a múlt időt.

4. Ti ______ (olvasni) jó könyveket.

5. Ők ______ (tanulni) a jövőt.

Solution:

1. Én tanulok magyarul.

2. Ő olvassa egy könyvet.

3. Mi tudtuk a múlt időt.

4. Ti olvassátok jó könyveket.

5. Ők fognak tanulni a jövőt.

Exercise 5: Translate the Sentences[edit | edit source]

Translate the following sentences into Hungarian.

1. I will read a book.

2. They learned yesterday.

3. You write very well.

Solution:

1. Fogok olvasni egy könyvet.

2. Tegnap tanultak.

3. Nagyon jól írsz.

Exercise 6: Verb Matching[edit | edit source]

Match the verb to its correct tense:

1. írok

2. írtál

3. fogok írni

4. tanult

5. olvastam

Solution:

1. írok - Present

2. írtál - Past

3. fogok írni - Future

4. tanult - Past

5. olvastam - Past

Exercise 7: Sentence Creation[edit | edit source]

Create sentences using the following verbs in different tenses:

1. tanulni

2. olvasni

Solution:

1. Present: Én tanulok magyarul. (I am learning Hungarian.)

Past: Tegnap tanultam magyarul. (I learned Hungarian yesterday.)

Future: Holnap fogok tanulni. (I will learn tomorrow.)

2. Present: Ő olvas egy könyvet. (He/She is reading a book.)

Past: Ő olvasott egy könyvet. (He/She read a book.)

Future: Ő fog olvasni egy könyvet. (He/She will read a book.)

Exercise 8: Identify the Tense[edit | edit source]

Identify the tense of the following sentences:

1. Én olvastam tegnap.

2. Ők tanulnak most.

3. Te fogsz tanulni.

Solution:

1. Past

2. Present

3. Future

Exercise 9: Conjugation Challenge[edit | edit source]

Conjugate the verb menni (to go) in all three tenses for the pronoun "mi" (we).

Solution:

Present: megyünk (we go)

Past: mentünk (we went)

Future: fogunk menni (we will go)

Exercise 10: Create a Dialogue[edit | edit source]

Write a short dialogue between two people using all three tenses.

Solution:

Person A: Tegnap tanultam magyarul. (I learned Hungarian yesterday.)

Person B: Most tanulsz? (Are you learning now?)

Person A: Igen, írok egy szöveget. (Yes, I am writing a text.)

Person B: Holnap fogok olvasni. (I will read tomorrow.)

Congratulations on completing the lesson on Hungarian verbs and tenses! Remember, practice makes perfect. Keep using the verbs and tenses in your conversations, and you’ll become more comfortable over time.

Table of Contents - Hungarian Course - 0 to A1[edit source]


Greetings and Introductions


Pronouns and Verb Conjugation


Numbers and Time


Questions and Negation


Family and Relationships


Adjectives and Adverbs


Food and Dining


Prepositions and Location


Travel and Transportation


Hungarian Customs and Traditions


Possessive Pronouns and Plurals


Hobbies and Leisure Activities


Hungarian History and Geography

Videos[edit | edit source]

Hungarian lesson: Hungarian Verbs I. - YouTube[edit | edit source]

Learn the Top 25 Hungarian Verbs - YouTube[edit | edit source]


Sources[edit | edit source]



Other Lessons[edit | edit source]



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