Difference between revisions of "Language/Fijian/Culture/Politeness-and-Respect"

Latest revision as of 00:21, 23 June 2023

◀️ Relationships — Previous Lesson	Next Lesson — Visiting a Fijian Home ▶️

Fijian → Culture → 0 to A1 Course → Fijian Etiquette → Politeness and Respect

Introduction[edit | edit source]

In this lesson, we will explore the importance of politeness and respect in Fijian culture. Politeness and respect are highly valued qualities in Fijian society, and they play a significant role in social interactions, language use, and gestures. By understanding and practicing these cultural norms, you will be able to navigate Fijian social situations with ease and show your respect for the local culture. Throughout this lesson, we will provide examples and exercises to help you incorporate politeness and respect into your Fijian language skills. Let's dive in!

The Importance of Politeness and Respect[edit | edit source]

Politeness and respect are fundamental values in Fijian culture. They are deeply rooted in the traditional Fijian way of life, known as "veiwekani" or "veivuke." These values are reflected in everyday interactions, whether it is greeting someone on the street, visiting a Fijian home, or engaging in conversation. Politeness and respect are considered essential for maintaining harmonious relationships and fostering a sense of community.

In Fijian culture, showing politeness and respect is not just about using the right words or gestures. It encompasses a broader understanding of social hierarchies, age, and gender dynamics. By demonstrating politeness and respect, you acknowledge the importance of these cultural nuances and show your appreciation for Fijian customs.

Politeness and Respect in Language[edit | edit source]

Language plays a crucial role in expressing politeness and respect in Fijian culture. The choice of words, tone of voice, and level of formality all contribute to conveying respect and maintaining harmonious relationships. Let's explore some linguistic strategies for showing politeness and respect in Fijian.

Addressing Others[edit | edit source]

In Fijian, the way you address others can vary depending on the level of formality and the relationship between the speaker and the listener. Here are some common forms of address in Fijian:

"Bula" - This is a common greeting used to say "hello" or "welcome." It can be used in both formal and informal contexts.
"Ni sa bula" - This is a more formal greeting, often used to show respect to elders or in official settings.
"Talofa" - This greeting is borrowed from the Samoan language and is commonly used in Fiji, especially in the Western region.
"Yadra" - This is a formal greeting used to say "good morning."
"Sota tale" - This is a formal way of saying "goodbye" or "see you later."

When addressing someone directly, it is customary to use honorific titles or kinship terms to show respect. For example:

"Tura" - This term is used to address someone of higher rank or authority, such as a chief or elder.
"Nanumi" - This term is used to address someone of the same generation or slightly older.
"Tama" - This term is used to address someone younger or of lower rank.

Polite Phrases[edit | edit source]

In addition to using appropriate greetings and forms of address, there are certain polite phrases that can be used to show respect in Fijian. Here are some examples:

"Vinaka" - This word means "thank you" and is used to express gratitude.
"Vinaka vakalevu" - This phrase means "thank you very much" and is a more emphatic way of expressing gratitude.
"Yadra vinaka" - This phrase is used to wish someone a "good morning."
"Moce mada" - This phrase is used to say "goodnight" or "goodbye" in a polite manner.

By incorporating these polite phrases into your Fijian vocabulary, you will be able to show respect and appreciation in your interactions with others.

Politeness and Respect in Gestures[edit | edit source]

Gestures also play a significant role in expressing politeness and respect in Fijian culture. Non-verbal communication can convey a wide range of meanings, from showing deference to expressing gratitude. Let's explore some common gestures that demonstrate politeness and respect in Fijian society.

Sevusevu[edit | edit source]

One important gesture in Fijian culture is the presentation of sevusevu, which is a traditional offering of yaqona (kava) roots. The sevusevu ceremony is performed when visiting a Fijian village, community, or home. It is a way of showing respect to the local chief and seeking permission to enter the area.

During the sevusevu ceremony, the yaqona roots are carefully prepared and presented to the chief or village head. The roots are wrapped in a masi (tapa) cloth and offered with a traditional Fijian greeting. The chief or village head will then accept the sevusevu and typically invite the visitors to join them in a kava-drinking ceremony.

The sevusevu ceremony is a highly respected tradition in Fijian culture and is an essential aspect of showing respect and building relationships with the local community.

Tabu[edit | edit source]

In Fijian culture, there are certain actions and behaviors that are considered tabu (taboo) and should be avoided out of respect for local customs. These taboos can vary depending on the region or community you are in, so it's essential to be aware of the specific taboos in the area you are visiting.

Some common taboos in Fijian culture include:

Touching someone's head - In Fijian culture, the head is considered sacred, and touching someone's head without permission is seen as disrespectful.
Pointing with your finger - Pointing directly at someone or something with your finger is considered impolite. Instead, use an open hand or your chin to indicate direction.
Wearing a hat or sunglasses indoors - Wearing a hat or sunglasses indoors is considered disrespectful in Fijian culture, especially when visiting someone's home or a place of worship.
Sitting higher than a chief - When in the presence of a chief or an elder, it is customary to sit lower than them as a sign of respect. This can include sitting on the floor or on a lower seat.

By being mindful of these taboos and avoiding actions that may be considered disrespectful, you will show your respect for Fijian customs and traditions.

Cultural Variations and Historical Reasons[edit | edit source]

It is important to note that while politeness and respect are valued throughout Fiji, there may be some regional variations in the usage or understanding of these qualities. These variations can be influenced by factors such as ethnic diversity, historical background, and cultural practices.

For example, in the iTaukei (indigenous Fijian) culture, respect for elders and chiefs is of utmost importance. The hierarchical structure of the village or community plays a significant role in determining social interactions and the level of respect shown. In contrast, in the Indo-Fijian community, which has roots in the Indian subcontinent, respect for elders and authority figures is also highly valued, but there may be variations in specific customs and traditions.

Historically, Fiji has been influenced by various external forces, including colonization, migration, and globalization. These influences have shaped the cultural landscape of Fiji and may have led to the adoption or adaptation of different practices related to politeness and respect.

Exercises[edit | edit source]

Now that we have explored the importance of politeness and respect in Fijian culture, let's practice incorporating these qualities into our language and interactions. Here are some exercises to help you reinforce what you've learned:

Exercise 1: Greetings - Create a dialogue between two people meeting for the first time. Use appropriate greetings and forms of address to show politeness and respect.

Exercise 2: Polite Phrases - Write a short paragraph expressing gratitude for a favor someone did for you. Use polite phrases to show your appreciation.

Exercise 3: Cultural Taboos - Research the specific cultural taboos in a region of Fiji that you are interested in. Write a short essay explaining these taboos and why they are important for showing respect.

Exercise 4: Sevusevu Ceremony - Imagine you are visiting a Fijian village for the first time. Write a step-by-step guide on how to perform the sevusevu ceremony, including the gestures and words used.

Solutions[edit | edit source]

Exercise 1: - Sample dialogue: Person A: Bula! Ni sa bula vinaka, au sa kila niu sa qai tiko mai vei au. Person B: Bula! Vinaka vakalevu. Au sa vakarokorokotaka na nomu veivuke.

Translation: Person A: Hello! You are well, I hope. I know you have just arrived to meet me. Person B: Hello! Thank you very much. I appreciate your assistance.

Exercise 2: - Sample paragraph: Au vinaka vakalevu mo ni vakalougatataki au e na nomu veivuke. Au sa vakarokorokotaka na nomu yalovinaka ka vinaka vakalevu na ka ko a cakava me’u.

Translation: I sincerely thank you for your assistance. I appreciate your kindness and the good things you have done for me.

Exercise 3: - The cultural taboos in different regions of Fiji can vary. Here is an example of a short essay discussing the cultural taboos in the village of Navala:

Navala is a traditional Fijian village located in the Ba Highlands of Viti Levu. The village is known for its preservation of traditional Fijian customs and practices. In Navala, there are several cultural taboos that are important for showing respect to the local community.

One of the taboos in Navala is the prohibition against wearing shoes inside the village. This is seen as a sign of disrespect and is strictly observed by both residents and visitors. When entering the village, it is customary to remove your shoes and carry them in your hands or place them in a designated area.

Another taboo in Navala is the restriction on taking photographs without permission. The people of Navala value their privacy and believe that photographs can capture and potentially exploit their culture. Visitors are advised to seek permission before taking any photographs and to respect the wishes of the villagers.

These taboos in Navala reflect the community's commitment to preserving their traditional way of life and ensuring that their customs are respected by outsiders. By adhering to these taboos, visitors can show their respect for the local culture and contribute to the preservation of Fijian traditions.

Exercise 4: - Step-by-step guide for the sevusevu ceremony:

1. Obtain yaqona (kava) roots and prepare them by washing and peeling off the outer layer. 2. Wrap the prepared yaqona roots in a masi (tapa) cloth, folding it neatly. 3. Approach the chief or village head with the sevusevu in hand. 4. Bow slightly and offer the sevusevu to the chief or village head, using respectful words such as "Ni sa bula vakalevu" (Greetings and well wishes). 5. The chief or village head will accept the sevusevu and may say a few words in response. 6. If invited, join the kava-drinking ceremony and take part in the communal sharing of yaqona.

By following these steps, you will show respect to the local chief or village head and demonstrate your appreciation for Fijian customs.

Conclusion[edit | edit source]

Politeness and respect are essential aspects of Fijian culture. By understanding the importance of these qualities and incorporating them into your language and interactions, you will be able to navigate Fijian social situations with ease and show your respect for the local culture. Throughout this lesson, we have explored linguistic strategies, gestures, and cultural variations related to politeness and respect. Remember to practice these skills and continue to learn about Fijian culture to deepen your understanding and appreciation. Vinaka vakalevu! (Thank you very much!)

Table of Contents - Fijian Course - 0 to A1[edit source]

Course Presentation

Greetings and Introductions

Pronouns and Possession

Numbers and Time

Basic Sentence Structure

Family and Relationships

Fijian Etiquette

Food and Dining

Questions and Interrogatives

Travel and Transportation

Fijian Festivals and Celebrations

Adjectives and Adverbs

Weather and Seasons

Fijian Music and Dance

Prepositions and Conjunctions

Work and Professions

Fijian Sports and Recreation

Imperatives and Requests

Shopping and Money

Sources[edit | edit source]

Other Lessons[edit | edit source]

◀️ Relationships — Previous Lesson	Next Lesson — Visiting a Fijian Home ▶️

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+<span pgnav>
+{| class="wikitable pg_template_nav"
+|[[Language/Fijian/Vocabulary/Relationships|◀️ Relationships — Previous Lesson]]
+|[[Language/Fijian/Culture/Visiting-a-Fijian-Home|Next Lesson — Visiting a Fijian Home ▶️]]
+|}
+</span>
 {{Fijian-Page-Top}}
+<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Fijian|Fijian]]  → [[Language/Fijian/Culture|Culture]] → [[Language/Fijian/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Fijian Etiquette → Politeness and Respect</div>
+__TOC__
+== Introduction ==
+In this lesson, we will explore the importance of politeness and respect in Fijian culture. Politeness and respect are highly valued qualities in Fijian society, and they play a significant role in social interactions, language use, and gestures. By understanding and practicing these cultural norms, you will be able to navigate Fijian social situations with ease and show your respect for the local culture. Throughout this lesson, we will provide examples and exercises to help you incorporate politeness and respect into your Fijian language skills. Let's dive in!
+== The Importance of Politeness and Respect ==
+Politeness and respect are fundamental values in Fijian culture. They are deeply rooted in the traditional Fijian way of life, known as "veiwekani" or "veivuke." These values are reflected in everyday interactions, whether it is greeting someone on the street, visiting a Fijian home, or engaging in conversation. Politeness and respect are considered essential for maintaining harmonious relationships and fostering a sense of community.
+In Fijian culture, showing politeness and respect is not just about using the right words or gestures. It encompasses a broader understanding of social hierarchies, age, and gender dynamics. By demonstrating politeness and respect, you acknowledge the importance of these cultural nuances and show your appreciation for Fijian customs.
+== Politeness and Respect in Language ==
+Language plays a crucial role in expressing politeness and respect in Fijian culture. The choice of words, tone of voice, and level of formality all contribute to conveying respect and maintaining harmonious relationships. Let's explore some linguistic strategies for showing politeness and respect in Fijian.
+=== Addressing Others ===
+In Fijian, the way you address others can vary depending on the level of formality and the relationship between the speaker and the listener. Here are some common forms of address in Fijian:
+* "Bula" - This is a common greeting used to say "hello" or "welcome." It can be used in both formal and informal contexts.
+* "Ni sa bula" - This is a more formal greeting, often used to show respect to elders or in official settings.
+* "Talofa" - This greeting is borrowed from the Samoan language and is commonly used in Fiji, especially in the Western region.
+* "Yadra" - This is a formal greeting used to say "good morning."
+* "Sota tale" - This is a formal way of saying "goodbye" or "see you later."
+When addressing someone directly, it is customary to use honorific titles or kinship terms to show respect. For example:
+* "Tura" - This term is used to address someone of higher rank or authority, such as a chief or elder.
+* "Nanumi" - This term is used to address someone of the same generation or slightly older.
+* "Tama" - This term is used to address someone younger or of lower rank.
+=== Polite Phrases ===
+In addition to using appropriate greetings and forms of address, there are certain polite phrases that can be used to show respect in Fijian. Here are some examples:
+* "Vinaka" - This word means "thank you" and is used to express gratitude.
+* "Vinaka vakalevu" - This phrase means "thank you very much" and is a more emphatic way of expressing gratitude.
+* "Yadra vinaka" - This phrase is used to wish someone a "good morning."
+* "Moce mada" - This phrase is used to say "goodnight" or "goodbye" in a polite manner.
+By incorporating these polite phrases into your Fijian vocabulary, you will be able to show respect and appreciation in your interactions with others.
+== Politeness and Respect in Gestures ==
+Gestures also play a significant role in expressing politeness and respect in Fijian culture. Non-verbal communication can convey a wide range of meanings, from showing deference to expressing gratitude. Let's explore some common gestures that demonstrate politeness and respect in Fijian society.
+=== Sevusevu ===
+One important gesture in Fijian culture is the presentation of sevusevu, which is a traditional offering of yaqona (kava) roots. The sevusevu ceremony is performed when visiting a Fijian village, community, or home. It is a way of showing respect to the local chief and seeking permission to enter the area.
+During the sevusevu ceremony, the yaqona roots are carefully prepared and presented to the chief or village head. The roots are wrapped in a masi (tapa) cloth and offered with a traditional Fijian greeting. The chief or village head will then accept the sevusevu and typically invite the visitors to join them in a kava-drinking ceremony.
+The sevusevu ceremony is a highly respected tradition in Fijian culture and is an essential aspect of showing respect and building relationships with the local community.
+=== Tabu ===
-<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Fijian|Fijian]]  → [[Language/Fijian/Culture|Culture]] → [[Language/Fijian/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Fijian Etiquette → Politeness and Respect</div>
+In Fijian culture, there are certain actions and behaviors that are considered tabu (taboo) and should be avoided out of respect for local customs. These taboos can vary depending on the region or community you are in, so it's essential to be aware of the specific taboos in the area you are visiting.
+Some common taboos in Fijian culture include:
+* Touching someone's head - In Fijian culture, the head is considered sacred, and touching someone's head without permission is seen as disrespectful.
+* Pointing with your finger - Pointing directly at someone or something with your finger is considered impolite. Instead, use an open hand or your chin to indicate direction.
+* Wearing a hat or sunglasses indoors - Wearing a hat or sunglasses indoors is considered disrespectful in Fijian culture, especially when visiting someone's home or a place of worship.
+* Sitting higher than a chief - When in the presence of a chief or an elder, it is customary to sit lower than them as a sign of respect. This can include sitting on the floor or on a lower seat.
+By being mindful of these taboos and avoiding actions that may be considered disrespectful, you will show your respect for Fijian customs and traditions.
+== Cultural Variations and Historical Reasons ==
+It is important to note that while politeness and respect are valued throughout Fiji, there may be some regional variations in the usage or understanding of these qualities. These variations can be influenced by factors such as ethnic diversity, historical background, and cultural practices.
+For example, in the iTaukei (indigenous Fijian) culture, respect for elders and chiefs is of utmost importance. The hierarchical structure of the village or community plays a significant role in determining social interactions and the level of respect shown. In contrast, in the Indo-Fijian community, which has roots in the Indian subcontinent, respect for elders and authority figures is also highly valued, but there may be variations in specific customs and traditions.
+Historically, Fiji has been influenced by various external forces, including colonization, migration, and globalization. These influences have shaped the cultural landscape of Fiji and may have led to the adoption or adaptation of different practices related to politeness and respect.
+== Exercises ==
+Now that we have explored the importance of politeness and respect in Fijian culture, let's practice incorporating these qualities into our language and interactions. Here are some exercises to help you reinforce what you've learned:
-__TOC__
+Exercise 1: Greetings
+- Create a dialogue between two people meeting for the first time. Use appropriate greetings and forms of address to show politeness and respect.
-Fijian Culture is steeped in tradition and customs that have been passed down from generation to generation. Politeness and respect are essential aspects of Fijian culture and are fostered in every aspect of life. Proper etiquette is crucial, and every Fijian is expected to abide by its rules.
+Exercise 2: Polite Phrases
+- Write a short paragraph expressing gratitude for a favor someone did for you. Use polite phrases to show your appreciation.
-Showing respect and being polite is a fundamental part of daily life in Fiji. Fijians are known for their warm hospitality and friendliness. You will find the locals in Fiji always greet guests with a friendly smile, and they will often use their common greeting 'Bula' which means hello or welcome in the Fijian language.
+Exercise 3: Cultural Taboos
+- Research the specific cultural taboos in a region of Fiji that you are interested in. Write a short essay explaining these taboos and why they are important for showing respect.
-However, it is not just the words that signify politeness and respect; it is also the manner in which they are expressed. In this lesson, you will learn how to show politeness and respect through your speech, actions, and social interactions according to Fijian customs.
+Exercise 4: Sevusevu Ceremony
+- Imagine you are visiting a Fijian village for the first time. Write a step-by-step guide on how to perform the sevusevu ceremony, including the gestures and words used.
-== Politeness ==
+== Solutions ==
-Politeness is an important part of Fijian culture. Almost every social interaction involves a certain level of politeness that people will show to one another. In Fiji, it is customary to use honorifics when referring to elders, people of high social status, and respected figures.
+Exercise 1:
+- Sample dialogue:
+Person A: Bula! Ni sa bula vinaka, au sa kila niu sa qai tiko mai vei au.
+Person B: Bula! Vinaka vakalevu. Au sa vakarokorokotaka na nomu veivuke.
-These honorifics are not only used to show respect but also to denote closeness or distance from the person being addressed. For example, the word 'Turaga' is used to address an elder or a person of high social status, and 'Marama' is used to address a woman of high status.
+Translation:
+Person A: Hello! You are well, I hope. I know you have just arrived to meet me.
+Person B: Hello! Thank you very much. I appreciate your assistance.
-Here are some examples of honorifics and their meaning:
+Exercise 2:
+- Sample paragraph:
+Au vinaka vakalevu mo ni vakalougatataki au e na nomu veivuke. Au sa vakarokorokotaka na nomu yalovinaka ka vinaka vakalevu na ka ko a cakava me’u.
-{| class="wikitable"
+Translation:
-! Fijian !! Pronunciation !! English
+I sincerely thank you for your assistance. I appreciate your kindness and the good things you have done for me.
-|-
-| Turaga  || too-rung-ga || Elder or person of high status
-|-
-| Marama || mah-rah-mah || Woman of high status
-|-
-| Tama  || tah-mah || Father or male guardian
-|-
-| Nanuma || nah-noo-mah || Thought or opinion
-|}
-These honorifics are also used in place of names since it is not polite to directly call someone by their name in Fijian culture. Therefore, it is common for people to refer to each other by their title or to use a term of endearment such as 'aunty' or 'uncle,' even if the person is not a family member.
+Exercise 3:
+- The cultural taboos in different regions of Fiji can vary. Here is an example of a short essay discussing the cultural taboos in the village of Navala:
-Another essential aspect of Fijian politeness is the use of formal speech. Formal speech is used when speaking to elders or people of higher social status, and it involves the use of more complex sentence structures and specific vocabulary to show respect. For example, when greeting an elder, one would say, "Ni sa bula vinaka na turaga," which translates to "Greetings and blessings to the elder."
+Navala is a traditional Fijian village located in the Ba Highlands of Viti Levu. The village is known for its preservation of traditional Fijian customs and practices. In Navala, there are several cultural taboos that are important for showing respect to the local community.
-== Respect ==
+One of the taboos in Navala is the prohibition against wearing shoes inside the village. This is seen as a sign of disrespect and is strictly observed by both residents and visitors. When entering the village, it is customary to remove your shoes and carry them in your hands or place them in a designated area.
-Respect is an essential value in Fijian culture. It is expected that every Fijian shows respect to their elders, ancestors, and the environment. Fijians believe that everything in life is interconnected, and thus, they hold a deep respect for nature and all living creatures.
+Another taboo in Navala is the restriction on taking photographs without permission. The people of Navala value their privacy and believe that photographs can capture and potentially exploit their culture. Visitors are advised to seek permission before taking any photographs and to respect the wishes of the villagers.
-One way Fijians show respect is by the use of ceremonial practices. Ceremonies are a vital part of Fijian life and are used to mark significant events such as births, weddings, and funerals. These ceremonies involve the use of traditional dress, dances, and rituals that have been passed down through generations.
+These taboos in Navala reflect the community's commitment to preserving their traditional way of life and ensuring that their customs are respected by outsiders. By adhering to these taboos, visitors can show their respect for the local culture and contribute to the preservation of Fijian traditions.
-Another way Fijians show respect is through their use of language. The Fijian language is rich in metaphors and symbols, which are used to express respect and reverence for various things. For example, the word 'Kalou' is used to refer to God or any divine being. This word is used to show respect for the divine, and it is not uncommon to hear Fijians saying phrases such as "I vakarokorokotaki i Jiova," which means "We praise God."
+Exercise 4:
+- Step-by-step guide for the sevusevu ceremony:
-In addition to ceremonial practices and language, Fijians also show respect through their actions. For example, when entering a Fijian village or home, it is customary to ask for permission from the village head or homeowner. This act shows respect for their property and their authority.
+. Obtain yaqona (kava) roots and prepare them by washing and peeling off the outer layer.
+. Wrap the prepared yaqona roots in a masi (tapa) cloth, folding it neatly.
+. Approach the chief or village head with the sevusevu in hand.
+. Bow slightly and offer the sevusevu to the chief or village head, using respectful words such as "Ni sa bula vakalevu" (Greetings and well wishes).
+. The chief or village head will accept the sevusevu and may say a few words in response.
+. If invited, join the kava-drinking ceremony and take part in the communal sharing of yaqona.
-It is also essential to be mindful of the tapu, which refers to any restrictions or prohibitions that are placed on certain objects or places. For example, there may be certain trees or rocks that are considered tapu, and it is forbidden to touch or disturb them. These restrictions are taken seriously and are seen as important in maintaining the natural balance and harmony of the environment.
+By following these steps, you will show respect to the local chief or village head and demonstrate your appreciation for Fijian customs.
 == Conclusion ==
-In conclusion, politeness and respect are integral parts of Fijian culture. Fijians are known for their warm hospitality and their friendly nature, and showing politeness and respect is an essential aspect of this. By using the right honorifics, speaking in a formal manner when appropriate, and respecting traditions and customs, you can show your respect for Fijian culture and its people.
+Politeness and respect are essential aspects of Fijian culture. By understanding the importance of these qualities and incorporating them into your language and interactions, you will be able to navigate Fijian social situations with ease and show your respect for the local culture. Throughout this lesson, we have explored linguistic strategies, gestures, and cultural variations related to politeness and respect. Remember to practice these skills and continue to learn about Fijian culture to deepen your understanding and appreciation. Vinaka vakalevu! (Thank you very much!)
+{{#seo:
+|title=Fijian Culture → Fijian Etiquette → Politeness and Respect
+|keywords=Fijian culture, Fijian etiquette, politeness in Fijian, respect in Fijian, Fijian customs, Fijian language, Fijian gestures, Fijian sevusevu ceremony
+|description=In this lesson, you will learn about the importance of politeness and respect in Fijian culture, and how to show these qualities through language, gestures, and social interactions. Gain insights into the cultural variations and historical reasons that influence Fijian etiquette.}}
-Remember that Fijian culture is diverse and multi-faceted. As you travel through Fiji and interact with its people, you will encounter various customs and traditions that may be unfamiliar to you. By showing a willingness to learn and a respect for these traditions, you will enhance your experience in this beautiful country.
 {{Fijian-0-to-A1-Course-TOC}}
@@ Line 60: / Line 159: @@
 [[Category:0-to-A1-Course]]
 [[Category:Fijian-0-to-A1-Course]]
-<span gpt></span> <span model=gpt-3.5-turbo></span> <span temperature=1></span>
+<span gpt></span> <span model=gpt-3.5-turbo-16k></span> <span temperature=0.7></span>
+==Sources==
+* [https://culturalatlas.sbs.com.au/fijian-culture/fijian-culture-do-s-and-don-ts Fijian Culture - Do's and Don'ts — Cultural Atlas]
+* [https://culturalatlas.sbs.com.au/fijian-culture/fijian-culture-etiquette Fijian Culture - Etiquette — Cultural Atlas]
@@ Line 73: / Line 178: @@
 * [[Language/Fijian/Culture/Traditional-Dance|Traditional Dance]]
 * [[Language/Fijian/Culture/Traditional-Music|Traditional Music]]
 {{Fijian-Page-Bottom}}
+<span pgnav>
+{| class="wikitable pg_template_nav"
+|[[Language/Fijian/Vocabulary/Relationships|◀️ Relationships — Previous Lesson]]
+|[[Language/Fijian/Culture/Visiting-a-Fijian-Home|Next Lesson — Visiting a Fijian Home ▶️]]
+|}
+</span>