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<div class="pg_page_title">Nepali (individual language) Grammar → Verbs and Tenses → Introduction to Nepali Verbs</div>
<div class="pg_page_title">Nepali (individual language) Grammar → Verbs and Tenses → Introduction to Nepali Verbs</div>


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As a Nepali language teacher with 20 years of experience, I can tell you that learning Nepali verbs is an essential part of mastering the language. In this lesson, we will introduce the basic structure of Nepali verbs and their usage in sentences. By the end of this lesson, you will be able to form simple sentences using Nepali verbs in the present tense.
== Introduction ==
Welcome to the lesson on Introduction to Nepali Verbs! In this lesson, we will explore the basic structure of Nepali verbs and learn how to use them in sentences. Verbs are an essential part of any language, as they help us express actions, states, and events. Understanding how verbs work in Nepali is crucial for developing your language skills and being able to communicate effectively. So let's dive in and explore the fascinating world of Nepali verbs!


== Structure of Nepali Verbs ==
Nepali verbs are composed of a verb root and various suffixes that indicate tense, aspect, mood, and other grammatical features. The verb root carries the core meaning of the verb, while the suffixes modify the verb to express different grammatical categories.


<span link>After mastering this lesson, these related pages might interest you: [[Language/Nepali-individual-language/Grammar/Adverbs-in-Nepali|Adverbs in Nepali]] & [[Language/Nepali-individual-language/Grammar/Gender|Gender]].</span>
For example, let's take the verb "khana" which means "to eat" in Nepali. The verb root is "kha" and the suffix "na" indicates the infinitive form of the verb. When we conjugate this verb to express different tenses, aspects, or moods, we add additional suffixes to the verb root.
== Verbs in Nepali ==


Verbs in Nepali are words that express actions or existence. A Nepali sentence typically consists of a noun (subject) and a verb.
Nepali verbs can be classified into three broad categories based on their infinitive forms:
* Verbs ending in "-na": These are the most common type of verbs in Nepali. They include verbs like "khana" (to eat), "padhna" (to read), and "bolna" (to speak).
* Verbs ending in "-nu": These verbs are usually used in formal or literary contexts. Examples include "garnu" (to do), "sunu" (to hear), and "hernu" (to see).
* Verbs ending in "-da": These verbs are less common and often used to express causative actions. Examples include "padhda" (to make someone read), "khada" (to make someone stand), and "sikha" (to teach).


=== Basic Structure of Nepali Verbs ===
Now let's take a closer look at the different aspects of Nepali verbs and how they are used in sentences.


Nepali verbs consist of a stem and various suffixes that indicate tense, aspect, and mood. Unlike in English, the suffixes in Nepali are more complex and convey more information regarding the tense, aspect, and mood of the verb.  
=== Tense and Aspect ===
In Nepali, verbs can be inflected to express different tenses and aspects. The tense of a verb indicates the time at which an action takes place, while the aspect indicates the nature or manner of the action.


Let's look at an example verb "khana" which means "to eat".
Nepali verbs have three primary tenses: present, past, and future. Each tense has different forms depending on the aspect of the action. The aspects include simple, continuous, and perfect.


Let's take the verb "khana" (to eat) as an example to see how it changes in different tenses and aspects:
==== Present Tense ====
The present tense in Nepali is used to describe actions that are happening at the current moment or are generally true. The present tense has three aspects: simple, continuous, and perfect.
* Simple Present: The simple present tense is used to express habitual actions or general truths. For example:
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Nepali (individual language) !! Pronunciation !! English Translation
! Nepali (individual language) !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| खानु (khaanu) || [kʰɑː.nu] || to eat
| खान्छु (khaanchhu) || [kʰaːnt͡ʃʰʊ] || I eat
|-
| खान्छौ (khaanchhau)  || [kʰaːnt͡ʃʰaʊ] || You eat
|-
| खान्छ (khaanchha)  || [kʰaːnt͡ʃʰa] || He/She/It eats
|-
| खान्छौं (khaanchhaun)  || [kʰaːnt͡ʃʰaʊ̃] || We eat
|-
| खान्छन् (khaanchhan)  || [kʰaːnt͡ʃʰan] || They eat
|}
|}


In the above table, you can see that the stem of the verb is "khaan" and it is the basic form of the verb. The suffix "u" indicates that it is an infinitive verb, which means it is not bound by any tense, aspect, or mood. In English, "to eat" is an example of an infinitive verb.
* Continuous Present: The continuous present tense is used to describe ongoing actions in the present. For example:
{| class="wikitable"
! Nepali (individual language) !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| खाइरहेछु (khairahichhu)  || [kʰaːirahɪt͡ʃʰʊ] || I am eating
|-
| खाइरहेछौ (khairahichhau)  || [kʰaːirahɪt͡ʃʰaʊ] || You are eating
|-
| खाइरहेछ (khairahichha)  || [kʰaːirahɪt͡ʃʰa] || He/She/It is eating
|-
| खाइरहेछौं (khairahichhaun)  || [kʰaːirahɪt͡ʃʰaʊ̃] || We are eating
|-
| खाइरहेछन् (khairahichhan)  || [kʰaːirahɪt͡ʃʰan] || They are eating
|}


=== Present Tense in Nepali ===
* Perfect Present: The perfect present tense is used to describe actions that have been completed before the present moment. For example:
{| class="wikitable"
! Nepali (individual language) !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| खाएको छु (khaeko chhu)  || [kʰaːekɔ t͡ʃʰʊ] || I have eaten
|-
| खाएको छौ (khaeko chhau)  || [kʰaːekɔ t͡ʃʰaʊ] || You have eaten
|-
| खाएको छ (khaeko chha)  || [kʰaːekɔ t͡ʃʰa] || He/She/It has eaten
|-
| खाएको छौं (khaeko chhaun)  || [kʰaːekɔ t͡ʃʰaʊ̃] || We have eaten
|-
| खाएको छन् (khaeko chhan)  || [kʰaːekɔ t͡ʃʰan] || They have eaten
|}


Present tense in Nepali is used to indicate an action that is currently happening or a state that is unchanged.
==== Past Tense ====
The past tense in Nepali is used to describe actions that have already happened in the past. Like the present tense, the past tense also has three aspects: simple, continuous, and perfect.


To form the present tense in Nepali, we add the suffix "-cha" to the stem of the verb. Here is an example using the verb "khana" (to eat):
* Simple Past: The simple past tense is used to describe completed actions in the past. For example:
{| class="wikitable"
! Nepali (individual language) !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| खाएँ (khaye)  || [kʰaːjẽ] || I ate
|-
| खाएछौ (khayechhau)  || [kʰaːjɛt͡ʃʰaʊ] || You ate
|-
| खाएछ (khayecha)  || [kʰaːjɛt͡ʃʰa] || He/She/It ate
|-
| खाएछौं (khayechhaun)  || [kʰaːjɛt͡ʃʰaʊ̃] || We ate
|-
| खाएँ (khayen) || [kʰaːjẽ] || They ate
|}


* Continuous Past: The continuous past tense is used to describe ongoing actions in the past. For example:
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Nepali (individual language) !! Pronunciation !! English Translation
! Nepali (individual language) !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| खाइरहेँदैथिए (khairahendaithe)  || [kʰaːirahẽdaɪtʰiː] || I was eating
|-
| खाइरहेछौ (khairahichhau)  || [kʰaːirahɪt͡ʃʰaʊ] || You were eating
|-
| खाइरहेछ (khairahichha)  || [kʰaːirahɪt͡ʃʰa] || He/She/It was eating
|-
| खाइरहेँदैथिएँ (khairahendaithe)  || [kʰaːirahẽdaɪtʰiː] || We were eating
|-
|-
| म खाँछु (ma khaanchu) || [mɑː kʰɑː.ɲu] || I eat
| खाइरहेँदैथिएँ (khairahendaithe) || [kʰaːirahẽdaɪtʰiː] || They were eating
|}
|}


In the above table, you can see that the stem of the verb "khana" is "khaan" and the present tense suffix is "-cha". When we add the two together, we get "khaancha" which means "is eating".
* Perfect Past: The perfect past tense is used to describe actions that were completed before a specific point in the past. For example:
{| class="wikitable"
! Nepali (individual language) !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| खाएको थिएँ (khaeko thie)  || [kʰaːekɔ tʰɪe] || I had eaten
|-
| खाएको थिएछौ (khaeko thiechhau)  || [kʰaːekɔ tʰɪet͡ʃʰaʊ] || You had eaten
|-
| खाएको थिएछ (khaeko thiecha)  || [kʰaːekɔ tʰɪet͡ʃʰa] || He/She/It had eaten
|-
| खाएको थिएँदैथिएँ (khaeko thie)  || [kʰaːekɔ tʰɪe] || We had eaten
|-
| खाएको थिएँदैथिएँ (khaeko thie)  || [kʰaːekɔ tʰɪe] || They had eaten
|}


Here are some more examples:
==== Future Tense ====
The future tense in Nepali is used to describe actions that will happen in the future. As with the other tenses, the future tense also has three aspects: simple, continuous, and perfect.


* म बोल्छु (ma bolchu) – I speak
* Simple Future: The simple future tense is used to describe actions that will happen in the future. For example:
* हामी खेल्छौं (haami khelchhaun) – We play
{| class="wikitable"
* तिनी खाँछु (tini khaanchu) – She eats
! Nepali (individual language) !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| खानेछु (khaanechhu) || [kʰaːneːt͡ʃʰʊ] || I will eat
|-
| खानेछौ (khaanechhau) || [kʰaːneːt͡ʃʰaʊ] || You will eat
|-
| खानेछ (khaanechha)  || [kʰaːneːt͡ʃʰa] || He/She/It will eat
|-
| खानेछौं (khaanechhaun)  || [kʰaːneːt͡ʃʰaʊ̃] || We will eat
|-
| खानेछन् (khaanechhan) || [kʰaːneːt͡ʃʰan] || They will eat
|}


=== Verb Agreement ===
* Continuous Future: The continuous future tense is used to describe ongoing actions that will happen in the future. For example:
 
{| class="wikitable"
In Nepali, verbs agree with the subject of the sentence in person and number. This means that the verb form changes according to the subject of the sentence. Here is an example:
! Nepali (individual language) !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| खाइरहेछु (khairahichhu)  || [kʰaːirahɪt͡ʃʰʊ] || I will be eating
|-
| खाइरहेछौ (khairahichhau)  || [kʰaːirahɪt͡ʃʰaʊ] || You will be eating
|-
| खाइरहेछ (khairahichha)  || [kʰaːirahɪt͡ʃʰa] || He/She/It will be eating
|-
| खाइरहेछौं (khairahichhaun)  || [kʰaːirahɪt͡ʃʰaʊ̃] || We will be eating
|-
| खाइरहेछन् (khairahichhan)  || [kʰaːirahɪt͡ʃʰan] || They will be eating
|}


* Perfect Future: The perfect future tense is used to describe actions that will be completed before a specific point in the future. For example:
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Nepali (individual language) !! Pronunciation !! English Translation
! Nepali (individual language) !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| म खाँछु (ma khaanchu) || [mɑː kʰɑː.ɲu] || I eat
| खाएको हुनेछु (khaeko hunechhu) || [kʰaːekɔ hʊneːt͡ʃʰʊ] || I will have eaten
|-
|-
| तपाईं खाँदैनुहुन्छ (tapai khaandai-nu-hun-chha) || [tʌ.pɑɪ̯ kʰɑːn.ɖai̯.nʊ.hʊn.t͡ʃʰʌ] || You (singular) do not eat
| खाएको हुनेछौ (khaeko hunechhau) || [kʰaːekɔ hʊneːt͡ʃʰaʊ] || You will have eaten
|-
|-
| तिनी खाँछिन् (tini khaanchhin) || [ti.ni kʰɑː.ɲʰin] || She does not eat
| खाएको हुनेछ (khaeko hunechha) || [kʰaːekɔ hʊneːt͡ʃʰa] || He/She/It will have eaten
|-
|-
| हामी खाँछौं (haami khaanchhaun) || [ha.mi kʰɑː.ɲʰaũ] || We eat
| खाएको हुनेछौं (khaeko hunechhaun) || [kʰaːekɔ hʊneːt͡ʃʰaʊ̃] || We will have eaten
|-
|-
| तिनीहरू खाँछन् (tini-haru khaanchhan) || [ti.ni.hʌ.rʊ kʰɑː.ɲʰʌn] || They eat
| खाएको हुनेछन् (khaeko hunechhan) || [kʰaːekɔ hʊneːt͡ʃʰan] || They will have eaten
|}
|}


In the above table, you can see that the verb form changes according to the subject of the sentence in person and number. Note that the second person singular pronoun in Nepali is "tapai" and it is often used as a polite form of address.
== Cultural Insight ==
In Nepali culture, verbs play a vital role in communication. They not only convey actions but also reflect the cultural values and beliefs of the Nepali people. The usage of verbs can vary based on regional dialects and social contexts. For example, in formal settings, people tend to use more polite and respectful verb forms. Additionally, different regions of Nepal may have variations in verb conjugation based on their local dialects.


== Conclusion ==
An interesting cultural aspect of Nepali verbs is the honorific form. In Nepali, verbs can be conjugated differently to show respect and politeness towards elders or people in higher positions. This reflects the importance of hierarchy and respect in Nepali society. Using the appropriate verb forms to address someone is considered a sign of good manners and cultural sensitivity.
 
== Exercises ==
Now it's time to practice what you have learned! Try the following exercises to reinforce your understanding of Nepali verbs.
 
Exercise 1: Conjugate the verb "bolna" (to speak) in different tenses and aspects:
1. Simple Present: I speak, You speak, He/She/It speaks, We speak, They speak.
2. Continuous Present: I am speaking, You are speaking, He/She/It is speaking, We are speaking, They are speaking.
3. Perfect Present: I have spoken, You have spoken, He/She/It has spoken, We have spoken, They have spoken.
4. Simple Past: I spoke, You spoke, He/She/It spoke, We spoke, They spoke.
5. Continuous Past: I was speaking, You were speaking, He/She/It was speaking, We were speaking, They were speaking.
6. Perfect Past: I had spoken, You had spoken, He/She/It had spoken, We had spoken, They had spoken.
7. Simple Future: I will speak, You will speak, He/She/It will speak, We will speak, They will speak.
8. Continuous Future: I will be speaking, You will be speaking, He/She/It will be speaking, We will be speaking, They will be speaking.
9. Perfect Future: I will have spoken, You will have spoken, He/She/It will have spoken, We will have spoken, They will have spoken.
 
Exercise 2: Translate the following sentences into Nepali using the appropriate verb forms:
1. I eat rice every day.
2. Did you see the movie?
3. We will go to the park tomorrow.
4. She has studied Nepali for five years.
5. They were playing football when it started raining.
 
Exercise 3: Write a short paragraph (5-7 sentences) describing your favorite hobby using verbs in different tenses and aspects.
 
== Solutions ==
Exercise 1:
1. Simple Present: म बोल्छु (ma bolchu), तिमी बोल्छौ (timi bolchhau), उ बोल्छ (u bolcha), हामी बोल्छौं (hami bolchhaun), तिनीहरू बोल्छन् (tiniharū bolchan).
2. Continuous Present: म बोलिरहेछु (ma bolirahichhu), तिमी बोलिरहेछौ (timi bolirahichhau), उ बोलिरहेछ (u bolirahichha), हामी बोलिरहेछौं (hami bolirahichhaun), तिनीहरू बोलिरहेछन् (tiniharū bolirahichhan).
3. Perfect Present: म बोलेको छु (ma boleko chhu), तिमी बोलेको छौ (timi boleko chhau), उ बोलेको छ (u boleko chha), हामी बोलेको छौं (hami boleko chhaun), तिनीहरू बोलेको छन् (tiniharū boleko chhan).
4. Simple Past: म बोले (ma bole), तिमी बोले (timi bole), उ बोले (u bole), हामी बोले (hami bole), तिनीहरू बोले (tiniharū bole).
5. Continuous Past: म बोलिरहेँदैथिए (ma bolirahendaithie), तिमी बोलिरहेछौ (timi bolirahichhau), उ बोलिरहेछ (u bolirahichha), हामी बोलिरहेँदैथिएँ (hami bolirahendaithie), तिनीहरू बोलिरहेँदैथिएँ (tiniharū bolirahendaithie).
6. Perfect Past: म बोलेको थिएँ (ma boleko thie), तिमी बोलेको थिएछौ (timi boleko thiechhau), उ बोलेको थिएछ (u boleko thiecha), हामी बोलेको थिएँदैथिएँ (hami boleko thie), तिनीहरू बोलेको थिएँदैथिएँ (tiniharū boleko thie).
7. Simple Future: म बोल्नेछु (ma bolnechhu), तिमी बोल्नेछौ (timi bolnechhau), उ बोल्नेछ (u bolnechha), हामी बोल्नेछौं (hami bolnechhaun), तिनीहरू बोल्नेछन् (tiniharū bolnechhan).
8. Continuous Future: म बोलिरहेछु (ma bolirahichhu), तिमी बोलिरहेछौ (timi bolirahichhau), उ बोलिरहेछ (u bolirahichha), हामी बोलिरहेछौं (hami bolirahichhaun), तिनीहरू बोलिरहेछन् (tiniharū bolirahichhan).
9. Perfect Future: म बोलेको हुनेछु (ma boleko hunechhu), तिमी बोलेको हुनेछौ (timi boleko hunechhau), उ बोलेको हुनेछ (u boleko hunechha), हामी बोलेको हुनेछौं (hami boleko hunechhaun), तिनीहरू बोलेको हुनेछन् (tiniharū boleko hunechhan).


In this lesson, we introduced the basic structure of Nepali verbs and their usage in sentences. We learned that Nepali verbs consist of a stem and various suffixes that convey information regarding tense, aspect, and mood. We also learned that verbs agree with the subject of the sentence in person and number. In the next lesson, we will learn about the present tense in Nepali and how it is used in different types of sentences.
Exercise 2:
1. म दिनभरी भात खान्छु। (Ma dinabharī bhāt khānchu.)
2. के तपाईंले चलचित्र हेर्यो? (Ke tapāīle chalachitra heryo?)
3. हामी भोली पार्क जानेछौं। (Hāmī bolī pārk jānechhaun.)
4. उनीले पाँच वर्षदेखि नेपाली पढेकी छिन्। (Unīle pā̃ca varshadekhi nepālī padhekī chhin.)
5. तिनीहरूले बर्षामा फुटबल खेलिरहेछन् जब मौसम बदलेको थियो। (Tinīharūle barshāmā phutabal khelirahchan jab mausam badaleko thiyो.)


Exercise 3:
मेरो पसंदीदा शौक यात्रा गर्नु हो। म नियमित अनुभवको लागि विभिन्न ठाउँहरू जाँदछु। यात्रामा म राम्रो खाना खान्छु, नयाँ स्थानहरू घुम्नेछु, र रोमान्टिक दृश्यहरू हेर्नेछु। मैले हालसम्म नेपाल देखेको छैन, तर मैले पहिलोपटक बिदेश जानेछु। यात्राले मलाई नयाँ अनुभव र दोस्रो संसारको ज्ञान दिन्छ।
== Conclusion ==
Congratulations on completing the lesson on Introduction to Nepali Verbs! You have learned about the structure of Nepali verbs, their different tenses and aspects, and their cultural significance. Verbs are the building blocks of communication, and understanding how to use them correctly is essential for becoming proficient in Nepali. Keep practicing and exploring the nuances of Nepali verbs, and you will soon be able to express yourself fluently in this beautiful language. Good luck!


<span link>Finished this lesson? Check out these related lessons: [[Language/Nepali-individual-language/Grammar/Interrogatives-in-Nepali|Interrogatives in Nepali]] & [[Language/Nepali-individual-language/Grammar/Conditional-Mood|Conditional Mood]].</span>
{{#seo:
{{#seo:
|title=Introduction to Nepali verbs
|title=Nepali (individual language) Grammar → Verbs and Tenses → Introduction to Nepali Verbs
|keywords=Nepali grammar, Nepali verbs, Nepali language
|keywords=Nepali verbs, Nepali grammar, Nepali tenses, Nepali aspects, Nepali language
|description=This lesson introduces the basic structure of Nepali verbs and their usage in sentences. By the end of this lesson, you will be able to form simple sentences using Nepali verbs in the present tense.
|description=In this lesson, you will learn the basic structure of Nepali verbs and how to use them in sentences. We will explore different tenses and aspects, and delve into the cultural significance of verbs in Nepali language and society.
}}
}}


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[[Category:Nepali-individual-language-0-to-A1-Course]]
[[Category:Nepali-individual-language-0-to-A1-Course]]
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==Other Lessons==
==Other Lessons==
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* [[Language/Nepali-individual-language/Grammar/Noun-Cases-in-Nepali|Noun Cases in Nepali]]
* [[Language/Nepali-individual-language/Grammar/Noun-Cases-in-Nepali|Noun Cases in Nepali]]
* [[Language/Nepali-individual-language/Grammar/Verbs-kriyaharu-क्रियाहरू|Verbs kriyaharu क्रियाहरू]]
* [[Language/Nepali-individual-language/Grammar/Verbs-kriyaharu-क्रियाहरू|Verbs kriyaharu क्रियाहरू]]


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Revision as of 22:24, 20 June 2023

◀️ Pronouns in Nepali — Previous Lesson Next Lesson — Present Tense in Nepali ▶️

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Nepali (individual language) Grammar → Verbs and Tenses → Introduction to Nepali Verbs

Introduction

Welcome to the lesson on Introduction to Nepali Verbs! In this lesson, we will explore the basic structure of Nepali verbs and learn how to use them in sentences. Verbs are an essential part of any language, as they help us express actions, states, and events. Understanding how verbs work in Nepali is crucial for developing your language skills and being able to communicate effectively. So let's dive in and explore the fascinating world of Nepali verbs!

Structure of Nepali Verbs

Nepali verbs are composed of a verb root and various suffixes that indicate tense, aspect, mood, and other grammatical features. The verb root carries the core meaning of the verb, while the suffixes modify the verb to express different grammatical categories.

For example, let's take the verb "khana" which means "to eat" in Nepali. The verb root is "kha" and the suffix "na" indicates the infinitive form of the verb. When we conjugate this verb to express different tenses, aspects, or moods, we add additional suffixes to the verb root.

Nepali verbs can be classified into three broad categories based on their infinitive forms:

  • Verbs ending in "-na": These are the most common type of verbs in Nepali. They include verbs like "khana" (to eat), "padhna" (to read), and "bolna" (to speak).
  • Verbs ending in "-nu": These verbs are usually used in formal or literary contexts. Examples include "garnu" (to do), "sunu" (to hear), and "hernu" (to see).
  • Verbs ending in "-da": These verbs are less common and often used to express causative actions. Examples include "padhda" (to make someone read), "khada" (to make someone stand), and "sikha" (to teach).

Now let's take a closer look at the different aspects of Nepali verbs and how they are used in sentences.

Tense and Aspect

In Nepali, verbs can be inflected to express different tenses and aspects. The tense of a verb indicates the time at which an action takes place, while the aspect indicates the nature or manner of the action.

Nepali verbs have three primary tenses: present, past, and future. Each tense has different forms depending on the aspect of the action. The aspects include simple, continuous, and perfect.

Let's take the verb "khana" (to eat) as an example to see how it changes in different tenses and aspects:

Present Tense

The present tense in Nepali is used to describe actions that are happening at the current moment or are generally true. The present tense has three aspects: simple, continuous, and perfect.

  • Simple Present: The simple present tense is used to express habitual actions or general truths. For example:
Nepali (individual language) Pronunciation English
खान्छु (khaanchhu) [kʰaːnt͡ʃʰʊ] I eat
खान्छौ (khaanchhau) [kʰaːnt͡ʃʰaʊ] You eat
खान्छ (khaanchha) [kʰaːnt͡ʃʰa] He/She/It eats
खान्छौं (khaanchhaun) [kʰaːnt͡ʃʰaʊ̃] We eat
खान्छन् (khaanchhan) [kʰaːnt͡ʃʰan] They eat
  • Continuous Present: The continuous present tense is used to describe ongoing actions in the present. For example:
Nepali (individual language) Pronunciation English
खाइरहेछु (khairahichhu) [kʰaːirahɪt͡ʃʰʊ] I am eating
खाइरहेछौ (khairahichhau) [kʰaːirahɪt͡ʃʰaʊ] You are eating
खाइरहेछ (khairahichha) [kʰaːirahɪt͡ʃʰa] He/She/It is eating
खाइरहेछौं (khairahichhaun) [kʰaːirahɪt͡ʃʰaʊ̃] We are eating
खाइरहेछन् (khairahichhan) [kʰaːirahɪt͡ʃʰan] They are eating
  • Perfect Present: The perfect present tense is used to describe actions that have been completed before the present moment. For example:
Nepali (individual language) Pronunciation English
खाएको छु (khaeko chhu) [kʰaːekɔ t͡ʃʰʊ] I have eaten
खाएको छौ (khaeko chhau) [kʰaːekɔ t͡ʃʰaʊ] You have eaten
खाएको छ (khaeko chha) [kʰaːekɔ t͡ʃʰa] He/She/It has eaten
खाएको छौं (khaeko chhaun) [kʰaːekɔ t͡ʃʰaʊ̃] We have eaten
खाएको छन् (khaeko chhan) [kʰaːekɔ t͡ʃʰan] They have eaten

Past Tense

The past tense in Nepali is used to describe actions that have already happened in the past. Like the present tense, the past tense also has three aspects: simple, continuous, and perfect.

  • Simple Past: The simple past tense is used to describe completed actions in the past. For example:
Nepali (individual language) Pronunciation English
खाएँ (khaye) [kʰaːjẽ] I ate
खाएछौ (khayechhau) [kʰaːjɛt͡ʃʰaʊ] You ate
खाएछ (khayecha) [kʰaːjɛt͡ʃʰa] He/She/It ate
खाएछौं (khayechhaun) [kʰaːjɛt͡ʃʰaʊ̃] We ate
खाएँ (khayen) [kʰaːjẽ] They ate
  • Continuous Past: The continuous past tense is used to describe ongoing actions in the past. For example:
Nepali (individual language) Pronunciation English
खाइरहेँदैथिए (khairahendaithe) [kʰaːirahẽdaɪtʰiː] I was eating
खाइरहेछौ (khairahichhau) [kʰaːirahɪt͡ʃʰaʊ] You were eating
खाइरहेछ (khairahichha) [kʰaːirahɪt͡ʃʰa] He/She/It was eating
खाइरहेँदैथिएँ (khairahendaithe) [kʰaːirahẽdaɪtʰiː] We were eating
खाइरहेँदैथिएँ (khairahendaithe) [kʰaːirahẽdaɪtʰiː] They were eating
  • Perfect Past: The perfect past tense is used to describe actions that were completed before a specific point in the past. For example:
Nepali (individual language) Pronunciation English
खाएको थिएँ (khaeko thie) [kʰaːekɔ tʰɪe] I had eaten
खाएको थिएछौ (khaeko thiechhau) [kʰaːekɔ tʰɪet͡ʃʰaʊ] You had eaten
खाएको थिएछ (khaeko thiecha) [kʰaːekɔ tʰɪet͡ʃʰa] He/She/It had eaten
खाएको थिएँदैथिएँ (khaeko thie) [kʰaːekɔ tʰɪe] We had eaten
खाएको थिएँदैथिएँ (khaeko thie) [kʰaːekɔ tʰɪe] They had eaten

Future Tense

The future tense in Nepali is used to describe actions that will happen in the future. As with the other tenses, the future tense also has three aspects: simple, continuous, and perfect.

  • Simple Future: The simple future tense is used to describe actions that will happen in the future. For example:
Nepali (individual language) Pronunciation English
खानेछु (khaanechhu) [kʰaːneːt͡ʃʰʊ] I will eat
खानेछौ (khaanechhau) [kʰaːneːt͡ʃʰaʊ] You will eat
खानेछ (khaanechha) [kʰaːneːt͡ʃʰa] He/She/It will eat
खानेछौं (khaanechhaun) [kʰaːneːt͡ʃʰaʊ̃] We will eat
खानेछन् (khaanechhan) [kʰaːneːt͡ʃʰan] They will eat
  • Continuous Future: The continuous future tense is used to describe ongoing actions that will happen in the future. For example:
Nepali (individual language) Pronunciation English
खाइरहेछु (khairahichhu) [kʰaːirahɪt͡ʃʰʊ] I will be eating
खाइरहेछौ (khairahichhau) [kʰaːirahɪt͡ʃʰaʊ] You will be eating
खाइरहेछ (khairahichha) [kʰaːirahɪt͡ʃʰa] He/She/It will be eating
खाइरहेछौं (khairahichhaun) [kʰaːirahɪt͡ʃʰaʊ̃] We will be eating
खाइरहेछन् (khairahichhan) [kʰaːirahɪt͡ʃʰan] They will be eating
  • Perfect Future: The perfect future tense is used to describe actions that will be completed before a specific point in the future. For example:
Nepali (individual language) Pronunciation English
खाएको हुनेछु (khaeko hunechhu) [kʰaːekɔ hʊneːt͡ʃʰʊ] I will have eaten
खाएको हुनेछौ (khaeko hunechhau) [kʰaːekɔ hʊneːt͡ʃʰaʊ] You will have eaten
खाएको हुनेछ (khaeko hunechha) [kʰaːekɔ hʊneːt͡ʃʰa] He/She/It will have eaten
खाएको हुनेछौं (khaeko hunechhaun) [kʰaːekɔ hʊneːt͡ʃʰaʊ̃] We will have eaten
खाएको हुनेछन् (khaeko hunechhan) [kʰaːekɔ hʊneːt͡ʃʰan] They will have eaten

Cultural Insight

In Nepali culture, verbs play a vital role in communication. They not only convey actions but also reflect the cultural values and beliefs of the Nepali people. The usage of verbs can vary based on regional dialects and social contexts. For example, in formal settings, people tend to use more polite and respectful verb forms. Additionally, different regions of Nepal may have variations in verb conjugation based on their local dialects.

An interesting cultural aspect of Nepali verbs is the honorific form. In Nepali, verbs can be conjugated differently to show respect and politeness towards elders or people in higher positions. This reflects the importance of hierarchy and respect in Nepali society. Using the appropriate verb forms to address someone is considered a sign of good manners and cultural sensitivity.

Exercises

Now it's time to practice what you have learned! Try the following exercises to reinforce your understanding of Nepali verbs.

Exercise 1: Conjugate the verb "bolna" (to speak) in different tenses and aspects: 1. Simple Present: I speak, You speak, He/She/It speaks, We speak, They speak. 2. Continuous Present: I am speaking, You are speaking, He/She/It is speaking, We are speaking, They are speaking. 3. Perfect Present: I have spoken, You have spoken, He/She/It has spoken, We have spoken, They have spoken. 4. Simple Past: I spoke, You spoke, He/She/It spoke, We spoke, They spoke. 5. Continuous Past: I was speaking, You were speaking, He/She/It was speaking, We were speaking, They were speaking. 6. Perfect Past: I had spoken, You had spoken, He/She/It had spoken, We had spoken, They had spoken. 7. Simple Future: I will speak, You will speak, He/She/It will speak, We will speak, They will speak. 8. Continuous Future: I will be speaking, You will be speaking, He/She/It will be speaking, We will be speaking, They will be speaking. 9. Perfect Future: I will have spoken, You will have spoken, He/She/It will have spoken, We will have spoken, They will have spoken.

Exercise 2: Translate the following sentences into Nepali using the appropriate verb forms: 1. I eat rice every day. 2. Did you see the movie? 3. We will go to the park tomorrow. 4. She has studied Nepali for five years. 5. They were playing football when it started raining.

Exercise 3: Write a short paragraph (5-7 sentences) describing your favorite hobby using verbs in different tenses and aspects.

Solutions

Exercise 1: 1. Simple Present: म बोल्छु (ma bolchu), तिमी बोल्छौ (timi bolchhau), उ बोल्छ (u bolcha), हामी बोल्छौं (hami bolchhaun), तिनीहरू बोल्छन् (tiniharū bolchan). 2. Continuous Present: म बोलिरहेछु (ma bolirahichhu), तिमी बोलिरहेछौ (timi bolirahichhau), उ बोलिरहेछ (u bolirahichha), हामी बोलिरहेछौं (hami bolirahichhaun), तिनीहरू बोलिरहेछन् (tiniharū bolirahichhan). 3. Perfect Present: म बोलेको छु (ma boleko chhu), तिमी बोलेको छौ (timi boleko chhau), उ बोलेको छ (u boleko chha), हामी बोलेको छौं (hami boleko chhaun), तिनीहरू बोलेको छन् (tiniharū boleko chhan). 4. Simple Past: म बोले (ma bole), तिमी बोले (timi bole), उ बोले (u bole), हामी बोले (hami bole), तिनीहरू बोले (tiniharū bole). 5. Continuous Past: म बोलिरहेँदैथिए (ma bolirahendaithie), तिमी बोलिरहेछौ (timi bolirahichhau), उ बोलिरहेछ (u bolirahichha), हामी बोलिरहेँदैथिएँ (hami bolirahendaithie), तिनीहरू बोलिरहेँदैथिएँ (tiniharū bolirahendaithie). 6. Perfect Past: म बोलेको थिएँ (ma boleko thie), तिमी बोलेको थिएछौ (timi boleko thiechhau), उ बोलेको थिएछ (u boleko thiecha), हामी बोलेको थिएँदैथिएँ (hami boleko thie), तिनीहरू बोलेको थिएँदैथिएँ (tiniharū boleko thie). 7. Simple Future: म बोल्नेछु (ma bolnechhu), तिमी बोल्नेछौ (timi bolnechhau), उ बोल्नेछ (u bolnechha), हामी बोल्नेछौं (hami bolnechhaun), तिनीहरू बोल्नेछन् (tiniharū bolnechhan). 8. Continuous Future: म बोलिरहेछु (ma bolirahichhu), तिमी बोलिरहेछौ (timi bolirahichhau), उ बोलिरहेछ (u bolirahichha), हामी बोलिरहेछौं (hami bolirahichhaun), तिनीहरू बोलिरहेछन् (tiniharū bolirahichhan). 9. Perfect Future: म बोलेको हुनेछु (ma boleko hunechhu), तिमी बोलेको हुनेछौ (timi boleko hunechhau), उ बोलेको हुनेछ (u boleko hunechha), हामी बोलेको हुनेछौं (hami boleko hunechhaun), तिनीहरू बोलेको हुनेछन् (tiniharū boleko hunechhan).

Exercise 2: 1. म दिनभरी भात खान्छु। (Ma dinabharī bhāt khānchu.) 2. के तपाईंले चलचित्र हेर्यो? (Ke tapāīle chalachitra heryo?) 3. हामी भोली पार्क जानेछौं। (Hāmī bolī pārk jānechhaun.) 4. उनीले पाँच वर्षदेखि नेपाली पढेकी छिन्। (Unīle pā̃ca varshadekhi nepālī padhekī chhin.) 5. तिनीहरूले बर्षामा फुटबल खेलिरहेछन् जब मौसम बदलेको थियो। (Tinīharūle barshāmā phutabal khelirahchan jab mausam badaleko thiyो.)

Exercise 3: मेरो पसंदीदा शौक यात्रा गर्नु हो। म नियमित अनुभवको लागि विभिन्न ठाउँहरू जाँदछु। यात्रामा म राम्रो खाना खान्छु, नयाँ स्थानहरू घुम्नेछु, र रोमान्टिक दृश्यहरू हेर्नेछु। मैले हालसम्म नेपाल देखेको छैन, तर मैले पहिलोपटक बिदेश जानेछु। यात्राले मलाई नयाँ अनुभव र दोस्रो संसारको ज्ञान दिन्छ।

Conclusion

Congratulations on completing the lesson on Introduction to Nepali Verbs! You have learned about the structure of Nepali verbs, their different tenses and aspects, and their cultural significance. Verbs are the building blocks of communication, and understanding how to use them correctly is essential for becoming proficient in Nepali. Keep practicing and exploring the nuances of Nepali verbs, and you will soon be able to express yourself fluently in this beautiful language. Good luck!

Table of Contents - Nepali (individual language) Course - 0 to A1


Nouns and Pronouns


Verbs and Tenses


Adjectives and Adverbs


Negation and Interrogatives


Numbers in Nepali


Words and Phrases


Food and Drinks


Festivals in Nepal


Nepali Society


Nepali Cuisine


Nepali Arts and Crafts



Other Lessons



◀️ Pronouns in Nepali — Previous Lesson Next Lesson — Present Tense in Nepali ▶️

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