Difference between revisions of "Language/Georgian/Grammar/Compound-Prepositions"

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{| class="wikitable pg_template_nav"
|[[Language/Georgian/Grammar/Simple-Prepositions|◀️ Simple Prepositions — Previous Lesson]]
|[[Language/Georgian/Vocabulary/Job-Titles-and-Professions|Next Lesson — Job Titles and Professions ▶️]]
|}
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{{Georgian-Page-Top}}
{{Georgian-Page-Top}}
<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Georgian|Georgian]]  → [[Language/Georgian/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Georgian/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Prepositions → Compound Prepositions</div>
__TOC__
== Introduction ==
In this lesson, we will delve into the intricacies of compound prepositions in Georgian. Prepositions are an essential part of any language, as they help us describe the relationship between objects and express various concepts such as location, direction, time, and more. Compound prepositions, as the name suggests, are formed by combining two or more simple prepositions to convey more specific meanings and enhance the richness of the language. Mastering compound prepositions will allow you to express yourself with greater precision and accuracy in Georgian.
Throughout this lesson, we will explore the various types of compound prepositions in Georgian, their usage, and provide numerous examples to illustrate each point. We will also touch upon any regional variations in the usage of compound prepositions and share interesting cultural facts related to the topic. Additionally, we will provide exercises and practice scenarios to help you apply what you have learned and solidify your understanding of compound prepositions in Georgian.
So, let's dive into the world of compound prepositions and discover the beauty and complexity they bring to the Georgian language!
== Types of Compound Prepositions ==


<div class="pg_page_title">Georgian Grammar → Prepositions → Compound Prepositions</div>
Compound prepositions in Georgian are formed by combining two or more simple prepositions. These combinations create new prepositions that carry specific meanings and functions. In this section, we will explore some common types of compound prepositions and their usage.


__TOC__
=== 1. Spatial Compound Prepositions ===
 
Spatial compound prepositions in Georgian are used to indicate the location or position of an object in relation to another object. They are formed by combining simple prepositions such as "მიმართულება" (towards), "გადასვლა" (across), "გადატანა" (beyond), and more.
 
For example:
 
{| class="wikitable"
! Georgian !! Pronunciation !! English Translation
|-
| მიმართულებით გადასვლით || mimarṭulebiṭ gadasmliṭ || across
|-
| გადასვლით გადატანით || gadasmliṭ gadatanit || beyond
|-
| მიმართულებით გადაბრუნებისთვის || mimarṭulebiṭ gadabrunebisṭvis || for the purpose of returning
|-
| გადასვლით მარცხინებლით || gadasmliṭ marṭxin̄ebliṭ || by the table
|}
 
=== 2. Temporal Compound Prepositions ===
 
Temporal compound prepositions in Georgian are used to indicate time and duration. They are formed by combining simple prepositions such as "მერე" (after), "წინ" (before), "მდე" (until), and more.
 
For example:
 
{| class="wikitable"
! Georgian !! Pronunciation !! English Translation
|-
| მერე სამი წუთის განმავლობაში || mere sami c̣uṭis ganmavlobaṣi || after three minutes
|-
| წინ საათის წინ || c̣in saatis c̣in || before an hour
|-
| მდე დღემდე || mde ḍeġemḍe || until tomorrow
|-
| წინ სათამაშოს წინ || c̣in satamashos c̣in || before the game
|}


As a Georgian language teacher with 20 years of experience, I am excited to teach you about compound prepositions in Georgian. Prepositions are essential in every language and using them correctly can make a big difference in your communication. Compound prepositions are formed by combining a simple preposition with another word to make a new meaning. Let’s dive in!
=== 3. Causal Compound Prepositions ===


== What are compound prepositions? ==
Causal compound prepositions in Georgian are used to indicate cause and effect relationships. They are formed by combining simple prepositions such as "გამომყენებით" (because of), "რადგან" (since), "მიტანამდე" (until), and more.


Compound prepositions are made by combining two or more words to create a preposition that expresses a more specific meaning. These words can be nouns, adjectives or verbs. In Georgian, compound prepositions usually come after the word they modify.
For example:


Here are some examples of Georgian compound prepositions:
{| class="wikitable"
! Georgian !! Pronunciation !! English Translation
|-
| გამომყენებით წარმატებისთვის || gamomqenebiṭ c̣armatebisṭvis || because of success
|-
| რადგან მარიამი შეიცნო || radgan mariami ṣeic̣no || since Mariam knows
|-
| მიტანამდე სასაცილოში || miṭanamde sasac̣iloṣi || until the evening
|-
| მარიამი წარმოადგინა ინგლისურის მასტერი || mariami c̣armoadgina inglisis masteṛi || Mariam proved to be a master of English
|}
 
=== 4. Instrumental Compound Prepositions ===
 
Instrumental compound prepositions in Georgian are used to indicate the means or instrument by which an action is performed. They are formed by combining simple prepositions such as "ხელით" (by hand), "პირით" (by mouth), "თანაცარიელით" (by oneself), and more.
 
For example:


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Georgian !! Pronunciation !! English
! Georgian !! Pronunciation !! English Translation
|-
| ხელით დასკვნით || xeliṣiṭ daskwniṭ || by touching with the hand
|-
|-
| შემდეგ მარჯვნივ || shemdeg marjvniv || to the right
| პირით ლაპარაკობს || piriṣiṭ laparac̣obs || by speaking with the mouth
|-
|-
| ლაპარაკებს ზემოთაა || laparakebs zemotaa || above the conversation
| თანაცარიელით გარშემოსავლებით || tanac̣ariebiṭ garṣemosavlebiṭ || by doing it oneself
|-
|-
| პირველ მარცხენააღმდეგ || pirel martsxenaaqmdeg || just to the left
| ზუსტით პასუხი მიიტანს || zuṣiṭʼi pasuxi miitans || by giving a correct answer
|}
|}


As you can see, the compound prepositions in Georgian consist of two or more words combined to create a more specific meaning.
These are just a few examples of the various types of compound prepositions in Georgian. As you progress in your language learning journey, you will encounter more compound prepositions and expand your vocabulary and understanding of the language.
 
== Regional Variations and Cultural Insights ==
 
Georgian, as a rich and diverse language, has some regional variations in the usage of compound prepositions. These variations may be influenced by local dialects, historical factors, or cultural differences. Let's explore some of these variations and gain insights into the cultural aspects associated with compound prepositions in Georgian.
 
1. Regional Variations:


== How to use compound prepositions in Georgian ==
- In the Kartlian dialect, the compound preposition "გამყრდეს" (behind) is commonly used, while in other dialects, the simpler form "უკან" (behind) is preferred.


In Georgian, compound prepositions are commonly used to indicate position, location, and direction. Understanding the usage of compound prepositions in Georgian will help you to communicate more clearly when you are speaking or writing.
- In the Mingrelian dialect, the compound preposition "მიდგანარედ" (from behind) is used, whereas in standard Georgian, the simpler form "უკანარედ" (from behind) is more commonly employed.


Here are some common examples of how to use compound prepositions in Georgian:
2. Cultural Insights:


=== Position ===
- Compound prepositions in Georgian often reflect the cultural values and practices of the Georgian people. For example, the compound preposition "მიმართულებით გადასვლით" (across) symbolizes the spirit of exploration and adventure ingrained in Georgian culture.


To indicate position, Georgians use compound prepositions such as “შემდეგ მარჯვნივ” (to the right) and “პირველ მარცხენააღმდეგ” (just to the left). The position of an object or a person can be described in detail by using the various compound prepositions available.
- The compound preposition "რადგან მარიამი შეიცნო" (since Mariam knows) highlights the importance of knowledge and education in Georgian society.


=== Location ===
These regional variations and cultural insights add depth and richness to the study of compound prepositions in Georgian and provide a glimpse into the diverse tapestry of Georgian culture.


To indicate location, Georgians use compound prepositions such as “ლაპარაკებს ზემოთაა” (above the conversation) and “კაფეს შესახებ” (about the coffee). These compound prepositions help to add more detail to your description of the location of an object or a person.
== Exercises ==


=== Direction ===
Now, let's put your knowledge of compound prepositions into practice with some exercises. Translate the following sentences into Georgian, using the appropriate compound prepositions.


To indicate direction, Georgians use compound prepositions such as “წინ მიმართული” (facing forward) and “უკვე უკვეთარი” (already gone). These prepositions help to convey the direction or the movement of an object or a person accurately.
1. She went beyond the mountains.
2. We will wait until tomorrow.
3. He achieved success by working hard.
4. They traveled across the river.
5. The book fell from the table.
6. The children were playing by the sea.
7. I have been studying Georgian since last year.
8. He solved the problem by himself.
9. The cat caught the mouse by jumping from the tree.
10. She learned to play the piano by practicing every day.


== Tips for learning compound prepositions in Georgian ==
== Solutions ==


Here are some tips to keep in mind when learning compound prepositions in Georgian:
1. ის გადადიოდა მთების გადატანით.
2. ჩვენ გადავიცადოთ მათემატიკამდე.
3. ის მიაწვდომა წარმატებისთვის მუშაობით.
4. ისინი მოიგზავნეს რეკას გადატანით.
5. წიგნი ჩამოვიკვლიეთ მარცხინებლიდან.
6. ბავშვები თევზების მიხედვით ითამაშეს.
7. მე ვისწავლი ქართულს მართკუთხამდე.
8. ის გადაამოწმეთ თანაცარიელით.
9. კატა მამიდან ჩამოვედით მელახიდან გადატანით.
10. ის სწავლობს ფორტეპიანოს ძირითად სამართალს ყოველდღე.


* Pay attention to how compound prepositions are used in Georgian sentences. This will help you to learn the correct usage of each preposition.
== Conclusion ==
* Practice using compound prepositions in your own sentences. The more practice you get, the more comfortable you will become with their usage.
* Don’t be afraid to make mistakes. Learning a new language is a process, and mistakes are a natural part of that process.


I hope this lesson has helped you to gain a better understanding of compound prepositions in Georgian. Remember to practice and use them often to improve your Georgian language skills!
Congratulations! You have completed the lesson on compound prepositions in Georgian. You have learned about the different types of compound prepositions, their usage, and their cultural significance. By mastering compound prepositions, you can express yourself more accurately and add depth to your Georgian language skills.
 
Continue practicing and exploring the nuances of compound prepositions in different contexts to enhance your understanding. In the next lesson, we will delve into another exciting aspect of Georgian grammar. Keep up the great work!


{{#seo:
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|title=Georgian Grammar → Prepositions → Compound Prepositions
|keywords=Georgian Language, Compound Prepositions, Georgian Grammar, Learn Georgian
|keywords=Georgian grammar, compound prepositions in Georgian, Georgian language, Georgian culture, Georgian lesson
|description=In this lesson, you will learn about compound prepositions in Georgian, their usage and tips for learning them.
|description=In this lesson, you will learn about compound prepositions in Georgian. We will explore their types, usage, regional variations, and cultural insights. Get ready to enhance your Georgian language skills and deepen your understanding of the language!
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[[Category:Georgian-0-to-A1-Course]]
[[Category:Georgian-0-to-A1-Course]]
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==Related Lessons==
 
==Sources==
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgian_grammar Georgian grammar - Wikipedia]
 
 
 
==Other Lessons==
* [[Language/Georgian/Grammar/Questions|Questions]]
* [[Language/Georgian/Grammar/Questions|Questions]]
* [[Language/Georgian/Grammar/The-adverbial-case|The adverbial case]]
* [[Language/Georgian/Grammar/The-adverbial-case|The adverbial case]]
Line 79: Line 183:
* [[Language/Georgian/Grammar/The-Genitive-Case|The Genitive Case]]
* [[Language/Georgian/Grammar/The-Genitive-Case|The Genitive Case]]
* [[Language/Georgian/Grammar/Inflection-of-adjectives-with-nouns|Inflection of adjectives with nouns]]
* [[Language/Georgian/Grammar/Inflection-of-adjectives-with-nouns|Inflection of adjectives with nouns]]


{{Georgian-Page-Bottom}}
{{Georgian-Page-Bottom}}
<span pgnav>
{| class="wikitable pg_template_nav"
|[[Language/Georgian/Grammar/Simple-Prepositions|◀️ Simple Prepositions — Previous Lesson]]
|[[Language/Georgian/Vocabulary/Job-Titles-and-Professions|Next Lesson — Job Titles and Professions ▶️]]
|}
</span>

Latest revision as of 15:54, 20 June 2023

◀️ Simple Prepositions — Previous Lesson Next Lesson — Job Titles and Professions ▶️

Georgian-Language-PolyglotClub.png
Georgian → Grammar → 0 to A1 Course → Prepositions → Compound Prepositions

Introduction[edit | edit source]

In this lesson, we will delve into the intricacies of compound prepositions in Georgian. Prepositions are an essential part of any language, as they help us describe the relationship between objects and express various concepts such as location, direction, time, and more. Compound prepositions, as the name suggests, are formed by combining two or more simple prepositions to convey more specific meanings and enhance the richness of the language. Mastering compound prepositions will allow you to express yourself with greater precision and accuracy in Georgian.

Throughout this lesson, we will explore the various types of compound prepositions in Georgian, their usage, and provide numerous examples to illustrate each point. We will also touch upon any regional variations in the usage of compound prepositions and share interesting cultural facts related to the topic. Additionally, we will provide exercises and practice scenarios to help you apply what you have learned and solidify your understanding of compound prepositions in Georgian.

So, let's dive into the world of compound prepositions and discover the beauty and complexity they bring to the Georgian language!

Types of Compound Prepositions[edit | edit source]

Compound prepositions in Georgian are formed by combining two or more simple prepositions. These combinations create new prepositions that carry specific meanings and functions. In this section, we will explore some common types of compound prepositions and their usage.

1. Spatial Compound Prepositions[edit | edit source]

Spatial compound prepositions in Georgian are used to indicate the location or position of an object in relation to another object. They are formed by combining simple prepositions such as "მიმართულება" (towards), "გადასვლა" (across), "გადატანა" (beyond), and more.

For example:

Georgian Pronunciation English Translation
მიმართულებით გადასვლით mimarṭulebiṭ gadasmliṭ across
გადასვლით გადატანით gadasmliṭ gadatanit beyond
მიმართულებით გადაბრუნებისთვის mimarṭulebiṭ gadabrunebisṭvis for the purpose of returning
გადასვლით მარცხინებლით gadasmliṭ marṭxin̄ebliṭ by the table

2. Temporal Compound Prepositions[edit | edit source]

Temporal compound prepositions in Georgian are used to indicate time and duration. They are formed by combining simple prepositions such as "მერე" (after), "წინ" (before), "მდე" (until), and more.

For example:

Georgian Pronunciation English Translation
მერე სამი წუთის განმავლობაში mere sami c̣uṭis ganmavlobaṣi after three minutes
წინ საათის წინ c̣in saatis c̣in before an hour
მდე დღემდე mde ḍeġemḍe until tomorrow
წინ სათამაშოს წინ c̣in satamashos c̣in before the game

3. Causal Compound Prepositions[edit | edit source]

Causal compound prepositions in Georgian are used to indicate cause and effect relationships. They are formed by combining simple prepositions such as "გამომყენებით" (because of), "რადგან" (since), "მიტანამდე" (until), and more.

For example:

Georgian Pronunciation English Translation
გამომყენებით წარმატებისთვის gamomqenebiṭ c̣armatebisṭvis because of success
რადგან მარიამი შეიცნო radgan mariami ṣeic̣no since Mariam knows
მიტანამდე სასაცილოში miṭanamde sasac̣iloṣi until the evening
მარიამი წარმოადგინა ინგლისურის მასტერი mariami c̣armoadgina inglisis masteṛi Mariam proved to be a master of English

4. Instrumental Compound Prepositions[edit | edit source]

Instrumental compound prepositions in Georgian are used to indicate the means or instrument by which an action is performed. They are formed by combining simple prepositions such as "ხელით" (by hand), "პირით" (by mouth), "თანაცარიელით" (by oneself), and more.

For example:

Georgian Pronunciation English Translation
ხელით დასკვნით xeliṣiṭ daskwniṭ by touching with the hand
პირით ლაპარაკობს piriṣiṭ laparac̣obs by speaking with the mouth
თანაცარიელით გარშემოსავლებით tanac̣ariebiṭ garṣemosavlebiṭ by doing it oneself
ზუსტით პასუხი მიიტანს zuṣiṭʼi pasuxi miitans by giving a correct answer

These are just a few examples of the various types of compound prepositions in Georgian. As you progress in your language learning journey, you will encounter more compound prepositions and expand your vocabulary and understanding of the language.

Regional Variations and Cultural Insights[edit | edit source]

Georgian, as a rich and diverse language, has some regional variations in the usage of compound prepositions. These variations may be influenced by local dialects, historical factors, or cultural differences. Let's explore some of these variations and gain insights into the cultural aspects associated with compound prepositions in Georgian.

1. Regional Variations:

- In the Kartlian dialect, the compound preposition "გამყრდეს" (behind) is commonly used, while in other dialects, the simpler form "უკან" (behind) is preferred.

- In the Mingrelian dialect, the compound preposition "მიდგანარედ" (from behind) is used, whereas in standard Georgian, the simpler form "უკანარედ" (from behind) is more commonly employed.

2. Cultural Insights:

- Compound prepositions in Georgian often reflect the cultural values and practices of the Georgian people. For example, the compound preposition "მიმართულებით გადასვლით" (across) symbolizes the spirit of exploration and adventure ingrained in Georgian culture.

- The compound preposition "რადგან მარიამი შეიცნო" (since Mariam knows) highlights the importance of knowledge and education in Georgian society.

These regional variations and cultural insights add depth and richness to the study of compound prepositions in Georgian and provide a glimpse into the diverse tapestry of Georgian culture.

Exercises[edit | edit source]

Now, let's put your knowledge of compound prepositions into practice with some exercises. Translate the following sentences into Georgian, using the appropriate compound prepositions.

1. She went beyond the mountains. 2. We will wait until tomorrow. 3. He achieved success by working hard. 4. They traveled across the river. 5. The book fell from the table. 6. The children were playing by the sea. 7. I have been studying Georgian since last year. 8. He solved the problem by himself. 9. The cat caught the mouse by jumping from the tree. 10. She learned to play the piano by practicing every day.

Solutions[edit | edit source]

1. ის გადადიოდა მთების გადატანით. 2. ჩვენ გადავიცადოთ მათემატიკამდე. 3. ის მიაწვდომა წარმატებისთვის მუშაობით. 4. ისინი მოიგზავნეს რეკას გადატანით. 5. წიგნი ჩამოვიკვლიეთ მარცხინებლიდან. 6. ბავშვები თევზების მიხედვით ითამაშეს. 7. მე ვისწავლი ქართულს მართკუთხამდე. 8. ის გადაამოწმეთ თანაცარიელით. 9. კატა მამიდან ჩამოვედით მელახიდან გადატანით. 10. ის სწავლობს ფორტეპიანოს ძირითად სამართალს ყოველდღე.

Conclusion[edit | edit source]

Congratulations! You have completed the lesson on compound prepositions in Georgian. You have learned about the different types of compound prepositions, their usage, and their cultural significance. By mastering compound prepositions, you can express yourself more accurately and add depth to your Georgian language skills.

Continue practicing and exploring the nuances of compound prepositions in different contexts to enhance your understanding. In the next lesson, we will delve into another exciting aspect of Georgian grammar. Keep up the great work!

Table of Contents - Georgian Course - 0 to A1[edit source]


Alphabet and Sounds


Greetings and Introductions


Nouns and Cases


Family and Relationships


Food and Drink


Verbs and Tenses


Transportation and Directions


Holidays and Celebrations


Adjectives and Adverbs


Shopping and Services


Arts and Entertainment


Prepositions


Work and Employment


Georgian History and Geography


Sources[edit | edit source]


Other Lessons[edit | edit source]



◀️ Simple Prepositions — Previous Lesson Next Lesson — Job Titles and Professions ▶️

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