Difference between revisions of "Language/Georgian/Grammar/Past-Tense"

Revision as of 14:40, 20 June 2023

◀️ Present Tense — Previous Lesson	Next Lesson — Future Tense ▶️

Georgian → Grammar → 0 to A1 Course → Verbs and Tenses → Past Tense

Introduction

Welcome to the lesson on the past tense in Georgian! In this lesson, we will explore how to form and use the past tense in order to talk about actions and events that happened in the past. The past tense is an essential aspect of the Georgian language, as it allows us to express ourselves in a more nuanced way and to engage in meaningful conversations with native speakers. By the end of this lesson, you will have a solid understanding of the past tense and be able to use it confidently in your own Georgian conversations.

To help you navigate through this lesson, we will begin by discussing the importance of the past tense in the context of the Georgian language. We will then delve into the details of forming and using the past tense, providing numerous examples along the way to illustrate each point. Additionally, we will explore any regional variations in the usage or understanding of the past tense, as well as any interesting cultural facts or anecdotes that relate to this topic. Finally, we will conclude with a series of exercises and practice scenarios for you to apply what you have learned.

Let's get started!

Importance of the Past Tense in Georgian

The past tense is a crucial component of the Georgian language. It allows us to express actions and events that occurred in the past, enabling us to recount stories, share personal experiences, and discuss historical events. By mastering the past tense, you will be able to communicate more effectively and connect with native Georgian speakers on a deeper level.

Understanding the past tense is particularly important for beginner learners, as it provides a solid foundation for further language acquisition. Once you have a firm grasp of the past tense, you will be better equipped to learn other tenses and grammatical structures in Georgian. So, let's dive into the details of how to form and use the past tense!

Forming the Past Tense

In Georgian, the past tense is formed by adding specific suffixes to the verb stem. The suffixes vary depending on the verb class and the grammatical person. Let's take a closer look at how to form the past tense for each verb class.

Verb Class I

In verb class I, the past tense suffixes are as follows:

First person singular: -ჩემ (-chem)
Second person singular: -ხემ (-khem)
Third person singular: -ე (-e)
First person plural: -ვით (-vit)
Second person plural: -ხემთ (-khemt)
Third person plural: -ენ (-en)

Here are some examples to illustrate the formation of the past tense in verb class I:

Georgian	Pronunciation	English
მიყვარხარ (miqvar-khar)	[miqvarˈkʰɑr]	You loved
მიყვარე (miqvar-e)	[miqvarˈɛ]	He/she loved
მიყვარვით (miqvar-vit)	[miqvarˈvit]	We loved
მიყვარხემ (miqvar-khem)	[miqvarˈkʰɛm]	You loved
მიყვარხემთ (miqvar-khemt)	[miqvarˈkʰɛmt]	You loved
მიყვარენ (miqvar-en)	[miqvarˈɛn]	They loved

Verb Class II

In verb class II, the past tense suffixes are as follows:

First person singular: -გემ (-gem)
Second person singular: -გემ (-gem)
Third person singular: -გა (-ga)
First person plural: -ვეთ (-vet)
Second person plural: -გემთ (-gemt)
Third person plural: -გნა (-gna)

Here are some examples to illustrate the formation of the past tense in verb class II:

Georgian	Pronunciation	English
მივარგემ (mi-var-gem)	[miˈvɑrgɛm]	I went
მიწაგემ (mi-tsag-em)	[miˈtsʼɑgɛm]	You stood
მიბრალგა (mi-bra-lg-a)	[miˈbrɑlgɑ]	He/she ate
მივარგემთ (mi-var-gemt)	[miˈvɑrgɛmt]	You went
მიწაგემთ (mi-tsag-emt)	[miˈtsʼɑgɛmt]	You stood
მიბრალგნა (mi-bra-lg-na)	[miˈbrɑlgna]	They ate

Verb Class III

In verb class III, the past tense suffixes are as follows:

First person singular: -მ (-m)
Second person singular: -მ (-m)
Third person singular: -ა (-a)
First person plural: -ვთ (-vt)
Second person plural: -მთ (-mt)
Third person plural: -ან (-an)

Here are some examples to illustrate the formation of the past tense in verb class III:

Georgian	Pronunciation	English
მივიმსახურე (mi-vi-msa-khure)	[miˈvimˈsɑxurɛ]	I worked
მითხრას (mi-tkh-ra-s)	[miˈtkʰrɑs]	You read
მიკრძალა (mi-krdz-a-la)	[miˈkʰrdzɑlɑ]	He/she waited
მივიმსახურვთ (mi-vi-msa-khur-vt)	[miˈvimˈsɑxurvt]	We worked
მითხრამთ (mi-tkh-ra-mt)	[miˈtkʰrɑmt]	You read
მიკრძახენ (mi-krdz-a-kh-en)	[miˈkʰrdzɑxɛn]	They waited

Verb Class IV

In verb class IV, the past tense suffixes are as follows:

First person singular: -ვით (-vit)
Second person singular: -თით (-tit)
Third person singular: -ით (-it)
First person plural: -ვითთა (-vit-ta)
Second person plural: -თითთა (-tit-ta)
Third person plural: -ითთა (-it-ta)

Here are some examples to illustrate the formation of the past tense in verb class IV:

Georgian	Pronunciation	English
დამიწყეს (da-mi-ts-qes)	[dɑˈmit͡sʼkʰɛs]	I started
გამართეთ (ga-ma-rte-t)	[gɑmɑrtɛt]	You turned
წამიყვარეთ (tsa-mi-qva-ret)	[tsʼɑmiqʼvɑrɛt]	You loved
დამიწყესთა (da-mi-ts-qes-ta)	[dɑˈmit͡sʼkʰɛstɑ]	We started
გამართეთთა (ga-ma-rte-ta)	[gɑmɑrtɛtɑ]	You turned
წამიყვარეთთა (tsa-mi-qva-ret-ta)	[tsʼɑmiqʼvɑrɛttɑ]	You loved

Using the Past Tense

Now that we have learned how to form the past tense in Georgian, let's explore how to use it in different contexts. The past tense is typically used to talk about actions and events that have already happened in the past. It allows us to express completed actions, state past facts, and describe past experiences. Here are some common ways to use the past tense:

Expressing Completed Actions

The past tense is often used to talk about actions that were completed in the past. For example:

მე წამიყვარებდი (me tsam-i-qva-reb-di) - I loved him/her.
რამდენი საათი მივარგავს (ram-den-i sa-at-i mi-var-gavs) - How many hours did it take?

Stating Past Facts

The past tense is also used to state facts that were true in the past but may or may not be true in the present. For example:

ის სასურველი ქალი იყო (is sa-sur-vel-i qali i-qo) - She was a beautiful woman.
სამწუხაროდ, როცა კაცი მეტყვას (sa-mts-u-khar-od, rots-a ka-si met-qvas) - Unfortunately, when a person dies.

Describing Past Experiences

The past tense is used to describe past experiences and events. It allows us to share stories and narratives. For example:

როგორ გადაიტანს შინაური ფრთები (ro-gor ga-da-i-tans shi-na-u-ri p-rteb-i) - How to overcome internal fears.
მეწყერი ისტორია გამაცალკევეთისა და სოციალური სიმძლავრების გამოყენების შესახებ (me-ts-qer-i i-sto-ri-a ga-ma-ts-a-lke-vet-i-sa da so-tsia-lu-ri si-m-dz-la-vreb-is ga-mo-qe-neb-i-s she-sa-xe-b)

Regional Variations and Cultural Insights

While the past tense is generally consistent across the Georgian language, there may be some regional variations in its usage or understanding. These variations can be influenced by dialects, historical influences, or cultural practices. Let's explore some interesting cultural insights related to the past tense in Georgian.

In the regions of Western Georgia, such as Samegrelo and Guria, the past tense is often used to convey a sense of nostalgia or longing for the past. This cultural practice reflects the deep connection that the people of Western Georgia have with their history and traditions. For example, individuals may use the past tense to describe past events in a way that evokes a strong emotional response or a sense of longing for the past.

In addition to regional variations, the past tense in Georgian is also influenced by historical factors. Throughout Georgia's history, the country has been influenced by various conquerors and neighboring cultures. As a result, the Georgian language has incorporated words and grammatical structures from different languages, including Persian, Turkish, and Russian. These historical influences have shaped the development of the past tense in Georgian and contribute to its richness and complexity.

Exercises

Now it's time to put your knowledge of the past tense into practice! Here are some exercises and practice scenarios for you to apply what you have learned:

1. Conjugate the following verbs in the past tense:

მოვიდა (mo-vi-da) - to come
გამოვიდა (ga-mo-vi-da) - to go
გავიარე (ga-vi-a-re) - to pass
წავიდა (tsa-vi-da) - to leave
მიხვიდა (mi-kvi-da) - to bring

2. Translate the following sentences into Georgian:

I visited Tbilisi last summer.
Did you see the movie last night?
She read the book in one day.

3. Write a short paragraph in Georgian describing a memorable event from your past. Use the past tense to convey the details and emotions of the experience.

Solutions

Here are the solutions to the exercises:

1. Conjugation of the verbs in the past tense:

მოვიდა (mo-vi-da) - მოვიდა (mo-vi-da)
გამოვიდა (ga-mo-vi-da) - გამოვიდა (ga-mo-vi-da)
გავიარე (ga-vi-a-re) - გავიარე (ga-vi-a-re)
წავიდა (tsa-vi-da) - წავიდა (tsa-vi-da)
მიხვიდა (mi-kvi-da) - მიხვიდა (mi-kvi-da)

2. Translation of the sentences into Georgian:

I visited Tbilisi last summer. - მე ვიზიტირებდი თბილისში გასულ გარემოში.
Did you see the movie last night? - შენ ნახე ფილმს გუშინ?
She read the book in one day. - ის წაიკითხა წიგნი ერთ დღეში.

3. Example paragraph: ჩემი პირველი გამოცემა მარტში მოხდა. მე წავიდა სახლიდან და მივიდა პარკში. იქ მეტყველად იკარგებოდა და მეტყვის: "უარი წავიდე, მარიამო!" მე გავიგებდი, რომ იგი კარგად იცის პროგნოზს. პარკში ჩარაცხებული ყარბი ბურთულის გველები ჩანს და მეტყვის: "წავიდე, მარიამო, ბურთულს მეტყვის კაცი!" მე გავიგებდი, რომ იგი წამოიყვანს ბურთულს. შემდეგ, მე წავიდა სახლში და გავიგებდი, რომ ჩემი პირველი გამოცემა მარიამოს მიმართებაზე მიმდევარი იყო.

Conclusion

Congratulations! You have successfully completed the lesson on the past tense in Georgian. In this lesson, we explored how to form and use the past tense, and we discussed its importance in the context of the Georgian language. We also learned about regional variations in the usage of the past tense and discovered interesting cultural insights related to this topic.

By mastering the past tense, you have taken a significant step towards becoming fluent in Georgian. The past tense allows you to express yourself more effectively and engage in meaningful conversations with native speakers. Keep practicing and applying what you have learned, and soon you will be able to use the past tense with confidence and ease.

Well done, and keep up the great work!

Table of Contents - Georgian Course - 0 to A1

Course Presentation

Alphabet and Sounds

Greetings and Introductions

Nouns and Cases

Family and Relationships

Food and Drink

Verbs and Tenses

Transportation and Directions

Holidays and Celebrations

Adjectives and Adverbs

Shopping and Services

Arts and Entertainment

Prepositions

Work and Employment

Georgian History and Geography

Sources

Other Lessons

◀️ Present Tense — Previous Lesson	Next Lesson — Future Tense ▶️

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 <span pgnav>
 {| class="wikitable pg_template_nav"
@@ Line 8: / Line 9: @@
 {{Georgian-Page-Top}}
+<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Georgian|Georgian]]  → [[Language/Georgian/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Georgian/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Verbs and Tenses → Past Tense</div>
-<div class="pg_page_title">Georgian Grammar → Verbs and Tenses → Past Tense</div>
 __TOC__
-As a Georgian language teacher for over 20 years, I know that learning how to form and use the past tense in Georgian is crucial for students aiming to reach the A1 level. In this lesson, we will cover everything you need to know about the formation and usage of the past tense in Georgian.
+== Introduction ==
+Welcome to the lesson on the past tense in Georgian! In this lesson, we will explore how to form and use the past tense in order to talk about actions and events that happened in the past. The past tense is an essential aspect of the Georgian language, as it allows us to express ourselves in a more nuanced way and to engage in meaningful conversations with native speakers. By the end of this lesson, you will have a solid understanding of the past tense and be able to use it confidently in your own Georgian conversations.
+To help you navigate through this lesson, we will begin by discussing the importance of the past tense in the context of the Georgian language. We will then delve into the details of forming and using the past tense, providing numerous examples along the way to illustrate each point. Additionally, we will explore any regional variations in the usage or understanding of the past tense, as well as any interesting cultural facts or anecdotes that relate to this topic. Finally, we will conclude with a series of exercises and practice scenarios for you to apply what you have learned.
+Let's get started!
+== Importance of the Past Tense in Georgian ==
+The past tense is a crucial component of the Georgian language. It allows us to express actions and events that occurred in the past, enabling us to recount stories, share personal experiences, and discuss historical events. By mastering the past tense, you will be able to communicate more effectively and connect with native Georgian speakers on a deeper level.
+Understanding the past tense is particularly important for beginner learners, as it provides a solid foundation for further language acquisition. Once you have a firm grasp of the past tense, you will be better equipped to learn other tenses and grammatical structures in Georgian. So, let's dive into the details of how to form and use the past tense!
+== Forming the Past Tense ==
+In Georgian, the past tense is formed by adding specific suffixes to the verb stem. The suffixes vary depending on the verb class and the grammatical person. Let's take a closer look at how to form the past tense for each verb class.
+=== Verb Class I ===
+In verb class I, the past tense suffixes are as follows:
+* First person singular: -ჩემ (-chem)
+* Second person singular: -ხემ (-khem)
+* Third person singular: -ე (-e)
+* First person plural: -ვით (-vit)
+* Second person plural: -ხემთ (-khemt)
+* Third person plural: -ენ (-en)
+Here are some examples to illustrate the formation of the past tense in verb class I:
+{| class="wikitable"
+! Georgian !! Pronunciation !! English
+|-
+| მიყვარხარ (miqvar-khar) || [miqvarˈkʰɑr] || You loved
+|-
+| მიყვარე (miqvar-e) || [miqvarˈɛ] || He/she loved
+|-
+| მიყვარვით (miqvar-vit) || [miqvarˈvit] || We loved
+|-
+| მიყვარხემ (miqvar-khem) || [miqvarˈkʰɛm] || You loved
+|-
+| მიყვარხემთ (miqvar-khemt) || [miqvarˈkʰɛmt] || You loved
+|-
+| მიყვარენ (miqvar-en) || [miqvarˈɛn] || They loved
+|}
-<span link>Take some time to dive into these other pages after completing this lesson: [[Language/Georgian/Grammar/“to-be”-ყოფნა-Present-Tense|“to be” ყოფნა Present Tense]] & [[Language/Georgian/Grammar/Conditional-and-Imperative|Conditional and Imperative]].</span>
+=== Verb Class II ===
-== Understanding the Past Tense ==
-The past tense expresses an action or a state of being that happened in the past. Unlike the present tense which has a single form, the past tense has separate forms for each gender.
+In verb class II, the past tense suffixes are as follows:
-In Georgian, the past tense is formed by adding the "-a" suffix to the verb stem. The ending of the verb is determined by the gender of the subject of the sentence.
+* First person singular: -გემ (-gem)
+* Second person singular: -გემ (-gem)
+* Third person singular: -გა (-ga)
+* First person plural: -ვეთ (-vet)
+* Second person plural: -გემთ (-gemt)
+* Third person plural: -გნა (-gna)
-Here is an example of the past tense in Georgian:
+Here are some examples to illustrate the formation of the past tense in verb class II:
 {| class="wikitable"
 ! Georgian !! Pronunciation !! English
 |-
-| ვისწავლიდი || vista'vlidi || I studied (male)
+| მივარგემ (mi-var-gem) || [miˈvɑrgɛm] || I went
+|-
+| მიწაგემ (mi-tsag-em) || [miˈtsʼɑgɛm] || You stood
+|-
+| მიბრალგა (mi-bra-lg-a) || [miˈbrɑlgɑ] || He/she ate
+|-
+| მივარგემთ (mi-var-gemt) || [miˈvɑrgɛmt] || You went
 |-
-| ვისწავლიდა || vista'vlida || I studied (female)
+| მიწაგემთ (mi-tsag-emt) || [miˈtsʼɑgɛmt] || You stood
+|-
+| მიბრალგნა (mi-bra-lg-na) || [miˈbrɑlgna] || They ate
 |}
-As you can see, the only difference in the verb form is the final vowel, which is "i" for males and "a" for females.
+=== Verb Class III ===
-== Usage of the Past Tense ==
+In verb class III, the past tense suffixes are as follows:
-The past tense is used to describe completed actions or states of being in the past. This includes:
+* First person singular: -მ (-m)
+* Second person singular: -მ (-m)
+* Third person singular: -ა (-a)
+* First person plural: -ვთ (-vt)
+* Second person plural: -მთ (-mt)
+* Third person plural: -ან (-an)
-* Something that happened at a specific time in the past.
+Here are some examples to illustrate the formation of the past tense in verb class III:
-* A past habit that is no longer true.
-* Narrating a story in the past.
-Here are some example sentences:
+{| class="wikitable"
+! Georgian !! Pronunciation !! English
+|-
+| მივიმსახურე (mi-vi-msa-khure) || [miˈvimˈsɑxurɛ] || I worked
+|-
+| მითხრას (mi-tkh-ra-s) || [miˈtkʰrɑs] || You read
+|-
+| მიკრძალა (mi-krdz-a-la) || [miˈkʰrdzɑlɑ] || He/she waited
+|-
+| მივიმსახურვთ (mi-vi-msa-khur-vt) || [miˈvimˈsɑxurvt] || We worked
+|-
+| მითხრამთ (mi-tkh-ra-mt) || [miˈtkʰrɑmt] || You read
+|-
+| მიკრძახენ (mi-krdz-a-kh-en) || [miˈkʰrdzɑxɛn] || They waited
+|}
-* ვისწავლიდი ქართულს თვითმფრინავებით. - I studied Georgian with a tutor. (specific time)
+=== Verb Class IV ===
-* მე ასე ვისწავლიდი. - I used to study like this. (past habit)
-* ეს იყო როგორც ის მე ორჯერ თავის მამას მეთქი. - This happened when he told his father about it twice. (narration)
-== Irregular Verbs in the Past Tense ==
+In verb class IV, the past tense suffixes are as follows:
-While the majority of verbs in Georgian follow the general rule of adding the "-a" suffix to the verb stem to form the past tense, there are some irregular verbs that do not follow this pattern.
+* First person singular: -ვით (-vit)
+* Second person singular: -თით (-tit)
+* Third person singular: -ით (-it)
+* First person plural: -ვითთა (-vit-ta)
+* Second person plural: -თითთა (-tit-ta)
+* Third person plural: -ითთა (-it-ta)
-Here are the most common irregular verbs in the past tense:
+Here are some examples to illustrate the formation of the past tense in verb class IV:
 {| class="wikitable"
 ! Georgian !! Pronunciation !! English
 |-
-| მივიღეთ || mivi'get || We received
+| დამიწყეს (da-mi-ts-qes) || [dɑˈmit͡sʼkʰɛs] || I started
+|-
+| გამართეთ (ga-ma-rte-t) || [gɑmɑrtɛt] || You turned
+|-
+| წამიყვარეთ (tsa-mi-qva-ret) || [tsʼɑmiqʼvɑrɛt] || You loved
+|-
+| დამიწყესთა (da-mi-ts-qes-ta) || [dɑˈmit͡sʼkʰɛstɑ] || We started
 |-
-| გავარდნენ || gava'rdnen || They got up
+| გამართეთთა (ga-ma-rte-ta) || [gɑmɑrtɛtɑ] || You turned
 |-
-| გავიყვარებენ || gaviqvarebe'n || They loved
+| წამიყვარეთთა (tsa-mi-qva-ret-ta) || [tsʼɑmiqʼvɑrɛttɑ] || You loved
 |}
-It is important to memorize these irregular verbs in order to use them correctly in the past tense.
+== Using the Past Tense ==
+Now that we have learned how to form the past tense in Georgian, let's explore how to use it in different contexts. The past tense is typically used to talk about actions and events that have already happened in the past. It allows us to express completed actions, state past facts, and describe past experiences. Here are some common ways to use the past tense:
+=== Expressing Completed Actions ===
+The past tense is often used to talk about actions that were completed in the past. For example:
+* მე წამიყვარებდი (me tsam-i-qva-reb-di) - I loved him/her.
+* რამდენი საათი მივარგავს (ram-den-i sa-at-i mi-var-gavs) - How many hours did it take?
+=== Stating Past Facts ===
+The past tense is also used to state facts that were true in the past but may or may not be true in the present. For example:
+* ის სასურველი ქალი იყო (is sa-sur-vel-i qali i-qo) - She was a beautiful woman.
+* სამწუხაროდ, როცა კაცი მეტყვას (sa-mts-u-khar-od, rots-a ka-si met-qvas) - Unfortunately, when a person dies.
+=== Describing Past Experiences ===
+The past tense is used to describe past experiences and events. It allows us to share stories and narratives. For example:
+* როგორ გადაიტანს შინაური ფრთები (ro-gor ga-da-i-tans shi-na-u-ri p-rteb-i) - How to overcome internal fears.
+* მეწყერი ისტორია გამაცალკევეთისა და სოციალური სიმძლავრების გამოყენების შესახებ (me-ts-qer-i i-sto-ri-a ga-ma-ts-a-lke-vet-i-sa da so-tsia-lu-ri si-m-dz-la-vreb-is ga-mo-qe-neb-i-s she-sa-xe-b)
+== Regional Variations and Cultural Insights ==
+While the past tense is generally consistent across the Georgian language, there may be some regional variations in its usage or understanding. These variations can be influenced by dialects, historical influences, or cultural practices. Let's explore some interesting cultural insights related to the past tense in Georgian.
+In the regions of Western Georgia, such as Samegrelo and Guria, the past tense is often used to convey a sense of nostalgia or longing for the past. This cultural practice reflects the deep connection that the people of Western Georgia have with their history and traditions. For example, individuals may use the past tense to describe past events in a way that evokes a strong emotional response or a sense of longing for the past.
+In addition to regional variations, the past tense in Georgian is also influenced by historical factors. Throughout Georgia's history, the country has been influenced by various conquerors and neighboring cultures. As a result, the Georgian language has incorporated words and grammatical structures from different languages, including Persian, Turkish, and Russian. These historical influences have shaped the development of the past tense in Georgian and contribute to its richness and complexity.
+== Exercises ==
+Now it's time to put your knowledge of the past tense into practice! Here are some exercises and practice scenarios for you to apply what you have learned:
+. Conjugate the following verbs in the past tense:
+* მოვიდა (mo-vi-da) - to come
+* გამოვიდა (ga-mo-vi-da) - to go
+* გავიარე (ga-vi-a-re) - to pass
+* წავიდა (tsa-vi-da) - to leave
+* მიხვიდა (mi-kvi-da) - to bring
+. Translate the following sentences into Georgian:
+* I visited Tbilisi last summer.
+* Did you see the movie last night?
+* She read the book in one day.
+. Write a short paragraph in Georgian describing a memorable event from your past. Use the past tense to convey the details and emotions of the experience.
+== Solutions ==
-== Phrases with the Past Tense ==
+Here are the solutions to the exercises:
-Here are some useful phrases that use the past tense in Georgian:
+. Conjugation of the verbs in the past tense:
+* მოვიდა (mo-vi-da) - მოვიდა (mo-vi-da)
+* გამოვიდა (ga-mo-vi-da) - გამოვიდა (ga-mo-vi-da)
+* გავიარე (ga-vi-a-re) - გავიარე (ga-vi-a-re)
+* წავიდა (tsa-vi-da) - წავიდა (tsa-vi-da)
+* მიხვიდა (mi-kvi-da) - მიხვიდა (mi-kvi-da)
-* რამე დროს შევცვლი. - I changed my mind earlier.
+. Translation of the sentences into Georgian:
-* გამოვიდა მეთქი. - She left me.
+* I visited Tbilisi last summer. - მე ვიზიტირებდი თბილისში გასულ გარემოში.
-* დავინახე მას სახელისთვის. - I looked for him by name.
+* Did you see the movie last night? - შენ ნახე ფილმს გუშინ?
+* She read the book in one day. - ის წაიკითხა წიგნი ერთ დღეში.
-== Practice, Practice, Practice ==
+. Example paragraph:
+ჩემი პირველი გამოცემა მარტში მოხდა. მე წავიდა სახლიდან და მივიდა პარკში. იქ მეტყველად იკარგებოდა და მეტყვის: "უარი წავიდე, მარიამო!" მე გავიგებდი, რომ იგი კარგად იცის პროგნოზს. პარკში ჩარაცხებული ყარბი ბურთულის გველები ჩანს და მეტყვის: "წავიდე, მარიამო, ბურთულს მეტყვის კაცი!" მე გავიგებდი, რომ იგი წამოიყვანს ბურთულს. შემდეგ, მე წავიდა სახლში და გავიგებდი, რომ ჩემი პირველი გამოცემა მარიამოს მიმართებაზე მიმდევარი იყო.
-The past tense is a crucial aspect of the Georgian language, so it's important to practice forming and using it. Read texts, watch movies, and speak with native speakers to improve your understanding of the past tense in context. With time and practice, you'll master the past tense in Georgian and be on your way to reaching the A1 level.
+== Conclusion ==
+Congratulations! You have successfully completed the lesson on the past tense in Georgian. In this lesson, we explored how to form and use the past tense, and we discussed its importance in the context of the Georgian language. We also learned about regional variations in the usage of the past tense and discovered interesting cultural insights related to this topic.
+By mastering the past tense, you have taken a significant step towards becoming fluent in Georgian. The past tense allows you to express yourself more effectively and engage in meaningful conversations with native speakers. Keep practicing and applying what you have learned, and soon you will be able to use the past tense with confidence and ease.
+Well done, and keep up the great work!
 {{#seo:
 |title=Georgian Grammar → Verbs and Tenses → Past Tense
-|keywords=Georgian, verbs, past tense
+|keywords=Georgian grammar, Georgian verbs, Georgian past tense, Georgian language, Georgian course
-|description=In this lesson, you will learn how to form and use the past tense in Georgian, including irregular verbs and useful phrases.
+|description=In this lesson, you will learn how to form and use the past tense in Georgian. The past tense is an important aspect of the Georgian language, allowing you to talk about actions and events that happened in the past. You will also explore regional variations in the usage of the past tense and learn interesting cultural facts related to this topic.
 }}
@@ Line 90: / Line 237: @@
 [[Category:0-to-A1-Course]]
 [[Category:Georgian-0-to-A1-Course]]
+<span gpt></span> <span model=gpt-3.5-turbo-16k></span> <span temperature=0.7></span>
+==Sources==
+* [https://ling-app.com/ka/georgian-verbs/ 15+ Basic Georgian Verbs: Easiest Guide - Ling App]
+* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgian_grammar Georgian grammar - Wikipedia]
+* [https://polymath.org/georgian_past.php Georgian Past Tense | POLYMATH.ORG]
 ==Other Lessons==
@@ Line 103: / Line 260: @@
 * [[Language/Georgian/Grammar/Types-of-Verbs|Types of Verbs]]
-<span class='maj'></span>
-==Sources==
-* [https://ling-app.com/ka/georgian-verbs/ 15+ Basic Georgian Verbs: Easiest Guide - Ling App]
-* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgian_grammar Georgian grammar - Wikipedia]
-* [https://polymath.org/georgian_past.php Georgian Past Tense | POLYMATH.ORG]
 {{Georgian-Page-Bottom}}
-<span links></span>
 <span pgnav>
 {| class="wikitable pg_template_nav"