Difference between revisions of "Language/Bosnian/Grammar/Present-Tense"

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<span pgnav>
{| class="wikitable pg_template_nav"
|[[Language/Bosnian/Grammar/Personal-Pronouns|◀️ Personal Pronouns — Previous Lesson]]
|[[Language/Bosnian/Grammar/Past-Tense|Next Lesson — Past Tense ▶️]]
|}
</span>


{{Bosnian-Page-Top}}
{{Bosnian-Page-Top}}
<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Bosnian|Bosnian]]  → [[Language/Bosnian/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Bosnian/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Verbs and Tenses → Present Tense</div>
<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Bosnian|Bosnian]]  → [[Language/Bosnian/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Bosnian/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Verbs and Tenses → Present Tense</div>


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__TOC__


==Introduction==
== Introduction ==


In this lesson, you will learn how to conjugate regular and irregular verbs in the present tense. This tense is used to describe actions that are currently happening or are true in the present.  
Welcome to the lesson on the present tense in Bosnian! In this lesson, we will explore how to conjugate regular and irregular verbs in the present tense. The present tense is used to describe actions happening in the current moment or general truths. Mastering the present tense is essential for building a strong foundation in Bosnian grammar and communication skills. By the end of this lesson, you will be able to confidently form sentences using different verbs and subjects in the present tense.


Bosnian verbs are inflected, meaning that their endings change depending on the subject of the sentence. Regular verbs follow a predictable pattern, but irregular verbs have unique forms in the present tense that you will need to memorize.
== Regular Verbs in Present Tense ==


By the end of this lesson, you will be able to form sentences using different verbs and subjects in the present tense.
Regular verbs in Bosnian follow a predictable pattern when conjugated in the present tense. To conjugate a regular verb, we remove the infinitive ending and add the appropriate ending based on the subject pronoun. Let's take a look at the conjugation of the verb "govoriti" (to speak) in the present tense:


{| class="wikitable"
! Bosnian !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| Govorim  || go-vo-rim || I speak
|-
| Govoriš  || go-vo-riš || You speak
|-
| Govori  || go-vo-ri || He/She/It speaks
|-
| Govorimo  || go-vo-ri-mo || We speak
|-
| Govorite  || go-vo-ri-te || You (plural) speak
|-
| Govore  || go-vo-re || They speak
|}


<span link>Don't hesitate to look into these other pages after completing this lesson: [[Language/Bosnian/Grammar/How-to-Use-Have|How to Use Have]] & [[Language/Bosnian/Grammar/Adjective-Agreement|Adjective Agreement]].</span>
As you can see, the endings of the verb "govoriti" change depending on the subject pronoun. This pattern applies to all regular verbs in the present tense. Let's practice conjugating a few more regular verbs together:
==Regular Verbs==


===Present Tense Conjugation===
* "Raditi" (to work):
 
{| class="wikitable"
Regular verbs in Bosnian follow a predictable pattern when conjugated in the present tense. Below is the conjugation for the present tense of the verb "to love" (voljeti):
! Bosnian !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| Radim  || ra-dim || I work
|-
| Radiš  || ra-diš || You work
|-
| Radi  || ra-di || He/She/It works
|-
| Radimo  || ra-di-mo || We work
|-
| Radite  || ra-di-te || You (plural) work
|-
| Rade  || ra-de || They work
|}


* "Pisati" (to write):
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Person !! Conjugation
! Bosnian !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| ja (I) || volim
| Pišem  || pi-šem || I write
|-
|-
| ti (you - singular informal) || voliš
| Pišeš  || pi-šeš || You write
|-
|-
| on/ona/ono (he/she/it) || voli
| Piše  || pi-še || He/She/It writes
|-
|-
| mi (we) || volimo
| Pišemo  || pi-še-mo || We write
|-
|-
| vi (you - plural/formal) || volite
| Pišete  || pi-še-te || You (plural) write
|-
|-
| oni/one/ona (they) || vole
| Pišu  || pi-šu || They write
|}
|}


As you can see, regular verbs in the present tense conjugate by adding different endings to the stem of the verb. In the example above, the stem of the verb is "volj", and the endings are "im", "iš", "i", "imo", "ite", and "e" for each person, respectively.
By practicing the conjugation of regular verbs in the present tense, you will become more comfortable with the pattern and develop a stronger grasp of the Bosnian language.


===Regular Verbs Examples===
== Irregular Verbs in Present Tense ==


Here are some examples of regular verbs in the present tense:
While regular verbs follow a predictable pattern, irregular verbs have unique conjugations in the present tense. These verbs require memorization and practice. Let's explore a few common irregular verbs in the present tense:


* Ja pišem pismo. (I am writing a letter.)
* "Biti" (to be):
* Ti pevaš pesmu. (You are singing a song.)
* On čita knjigu. (He is reading a book.)
* Mi sviramo gitaru. (We are playing the guitar.)
* Vi učite Bosanski. (You are learning Bosnian.)
* Oni gledaju film. (They are watching a movie.)
 
==Irregular Verbs==
 
===Common Irregular Verbs===
 
There are several common verbs in Bosnian that have irregular forms in the present tense. Here are a few examples:
 
* biti (to be):
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Person !! Conjugation
! Bosnian !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| ja (I) || jesam
| Jesam  || je-sam || I am
|-
|-
| ti (you - singular informal) || jesi
| Jesi  || je-si || You are
|-
|-
| on/ona/ono (he/she/it) || jeste
| Jeste  || je-ste || He/She/It is
|-
|-
| mi (we) || jesmo
| Jesmo  || je-smo || We are
|-
|-
| vi (you - plural/formal) || jeste
| Jeste  || je-ste || You (plural) are
|-
|-
| oni/one/ona (they) || jesu
| Jesu  || je-su || They are
|}
|}


* htjeti (to want):
* "Imati" (to have):
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Person !! Conjugation
! Bosnian !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| ja (I) || hoću
| Imam  || i-mam || I have
|-
|-
| ti (you - singular informal) || hoćeš
| Imaš  || i-maš || You have
|-
|-
| on/ona/ono (he/she/it) || hoće
| Ima  || i-ma || He/She/It has
|-
|-
| mi (we) || hoćemo
| Imamo  || i-ma-mo || We have
|-
|-
| vi (you - plural/formal) || hoćete
| Imate  || i-ma-te || You (plural) have
|-
|-
| oni/one/ona (they) || hoće
| Imaju  || i-ma-ju || They have
|}
|}


* moći (to be able to):
* "Htjeti" (to want):
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Person !! Conjugation
! Bosnian !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| ja (I) || mogu
| Hoću  || ho-ću || I want
|-
|-
| ti (you - singular informal) || možeš
| Hoćeš  || ho-ćeš || You want
|-
|-
| on/ona/ono (he/she/it) || može
| Hoće  || ho-će || He/She/It wants
|-
|-
| mi (we) || možemo
| Hoćemo  || ho-će-mo || We want
|-
|-
| vi (you - plural/formal) || možete
| Hoćete  || ho-će-te || You (plural) want
|-
|-
| oni/one/ona (they) || mogu
| Hoće  || ho-će || They want
|}
|}


===Irregular Verbs Examples===
Irregular verbs add an extra layer of complexity to the present tense, but with practice and exposure to different verbs, you will become more familiar with their conjugations.
 
Here are some examples of sentences using irregular verbs in the present tense:


* Ja sam učitelj. (I am a teacher.)
== Cultural Insight: Regional Variations ==
* Ti hoćeš da izađemo? (Do you want to go out?)
* Ona ne može da dođe. (She cannot come.)
* Mi idemo u kino. (We are going to the cinema.)
* Vi imate vremena poslije podne? (Do you have time this afternoon?)
* Oni znaju kuda treba da idemo. (They know where we need to go.)


==Negative and Interrogative Sentences==
The usage and understanding of the present tense may vary slightly across different regions of Bosnia and Herzegovina. While the core conjugation patterns remain the same, certain dialects may have unique verb forms or pronunciations. For example, in the Herzegovina dialect, the verb "govoriti" (to speak) is often pronounced as "govorit" or "govorit će" instead of "govori" for the third person singular. Additionally, some regions may have local words or phrases that are commonly used in the present tense.


===Negative Sentences===
It's important to note these regional variations as you engage with native Bosnian speakers and immerse yourself in the language. Embracing the diversity of the language will not only deepen your understanding but also enhance your cultural experience as you explore Bosnia and Herzegovina.


In Bosnian, negative sentences in the present tense are formed by adding the word "ne" before the verb. For example:
== Practice Exercises ==


* Ja ne volim kafu. (I do not like coffee.)
Now it's time to put your knowledge into practice! Complete the following exercises to reinforce your understanding of the present tense in Bosnian. Remember to conjugate the verbs based on the subject pronouns provided.
* On ne peva dobro. (He does not sing well.)


===Interrogative Sentences===
Exercise 1: Conjugate the verb "čitati" (to read) in the present tense:


Interrogative (or question) sentences in Bosnian are formed by placing the verb before the subject. For example:
* Ja (I) - čitam
* Ti (You) - čitaš
* On/Ona/Ono (He/She/It) - čita
* Mi (We) - čitamo
* Vi (You - plural) - čitate
* Oni/One/Ona (They) - čitaju


* Da li ti pevaš? (Are you singing?)
Exercise 2: Conjugate the verb "spavati" (to sleep) in the present tense:
* Kuda oni idu? (Where are they going?)


In informal speech, it is common to use the rising intonation at the end of the sentence to indicate that it is a question.
* Ja (I) - spavam
* Ti (You) - spavaš
* On/Ona/Ono (He/She/It) - spava
* Mi (We) - spavamo
* Vi (You - plural) - spavate
* Oni/One/Ona (They) - spavaju


==Practice Exercises==
Exercise 3: Conjugate the verb "jesti" (to eat) in the present tense:


===Exercise 1===
* Ja (I) - jedem
* Ti (You) - jedeš
* On/Ona/Ono (He/She/It) - jede
* Mi (We) - jedemo
* Vi (You - plural) - jedete
* Oni/One/Ona (They) - jedu


Conjugate the following regular verbs in the present tense:
Exercise 4: Conjugate the verb "vidjeti" (to see) in the present tense:


1. čitati (to read)
* Ja (I) - vidim
2. gledati (to watch)
* Ti (You) - vidiš
3. igrati (to play)
* On/Ona/Ono (He/She/It) - vidi
4. učiti (to learn)
* Mi (We) - vidimo
* Vi (You - plural) - vidite
* Oni/One/Ona (They) - vide


===Exercise 2===
== Solutions ==


Conjugate the following irregular verbs in the present tense:
Exercise 1:
* Ja (I) - čitam
* Ti (You) - čitaš
* On/Ona/Ono (He/She/It) - čita
* Mi (We) - čitamo
* Vi (You - plural) - čitate
* Oni/One/Ona (They) - čitaju


1. biti (to be)
Exercise 2:
2. htjeti (to want)
* Ja (I) - spavam
3. moći (to be able to)
* Ti (You) - spavaš
4. znati (to know)
* On/Ona/Ono (He/She/It) - spava
* Mi (We) - spavamo
* Vi (You - plural) - spavate
* Oni/One/Ona (They) - spavaju


===Exercise 3===
Exercise 3:
* Ja (I) - jedem
* Ti (You) - jedeš
* On/Ona/Ono (He/She/It) - jede
* Mi (We) - jedemo
* Vi (You - plural) - jedete
* Oni/One/Ona (They) - jedu


Form sentences in the present tense using the following subjects and verbs:
Exercise 4:
* Ja (I) - vidim
* Ti (You) - vidiš
* On/Ona/Ono (He/She/It) - vidi
* Mi (We) - vidimo
* Vi (You - plural) - vidite
* Oni/One/Ona (They) - vide


1. Ja / govoriti (to speak)
Great job! You've successfully practiced conjugating verbs in the present tense. Keep practicing to build your confidence and fluency in Bosnian.
2. Ti / raditi (to work)
3. On / živeti (to live)
4. Mi / putovati (to travel)
5. Vi / čekati (to wait)
6. Oni / jesti (to eat)


==Conclusion==
== Conclusion ==


Congratulations! You have learned how to conjugate regular and irregular verbs in the present tense. Keep practicing forming sentences using different verbs and subjects to reinforce your understanding of this tense.
In this lesson, we explored the present tense in Bosnian. We learned how to conjugate regular and irregular verbs in the present tense and practiced forming sentences using different verbs and subjects. Remember to pay attention to regional variations in the usage and pronunciation of the present tense, as this will enrich your understanding of the Bosnian language and culture. Keep practicing and applying what you've learned to further develop your language skills. Congratulations on completing this lesson, and keep up the great work!


In the next lesson, we will learn how to conjugate verbs in the past tense and form sentences.
<span link>Excellent job on conquering this lesson! Consider delving into these related pages: [[Language/Bosnian/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] & [[Language/Bosnian/Grammar/Conditional-Mood|Conditional Mood]].</span>
{{#seo:
{{#seo:
|title=Bosnian Grammar Verbs and Tenses Present Tense
|title=Bosnian Grammar → Verbs and Tenses → Present Tense
|keywords=Bosnian grammar, present tense, regular verbs, irregular verbs, conjugation
|keywords=Bosnian grammar, Bosnian verbs, present tense in Bosnian
|description=Learn how to conjugate regular and irregular verbs in the present tense in Bosnian. Practice forming sentences using different verbs and subjects in the present tense.
|description=In this lesson, you will learn how to conjugate regular and irregular verbs in the present tense in Bosnian. Practice forming sentences using different verbs and subjects in the present tense to enhance your Bosnian language skills.
}}
}}


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[[Category:0-to-A1-Course]]
[[Category:Bosnian-0-to-A1-Course]]
[[Category:Bosnian-0-to-A1-Course]]
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==Videos==
==Videos==
Line 200: Line 242:
===Bosnian/Croatian/Serbian Grammar: The Present Tense Negation ...===
===Bosnian/Croatian/Serbian Grammar: The Present Tense Negation ...===
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QsU3Mu9HekQ</youtube>
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QsU3Mu9HekQ</youtube>
==Sources==
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4ucdMbCUNx8 Bosnian/Croatian/Serbian Grammar: The Present Tense Singular ...]
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X3nJG4vygzg Bosnian/Croatian/Serbian Grammar: The Present Tense Plural ...]


==Other Lessons==
==Other Lessons==
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* [[Language/Bosnian/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]]
* [[Language/Bosnian/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]]


<span class='maj'></span>
 
==Sources==
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4ucdMbCUNx8 Bosnian/Croatian/Serbian Grammar: The Present Tense Singular ...]
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X3nJG4vygzg Bosnian/Croatian/Serbian Grammar: The Present Tense Plural ...]


{{Bosnian-Page-Bottom}}
{{Bosnian-Page-Bottom}}
<span links></span>
 
<span pgnav>
{| class="wikitable pg_template_nav"
 
|[[Language/Bosnian/Grammar/Personal-Pronouns|◀️ Personal Pronouns — Previous Lesson]]
|[[Language/Bosnian/Grammar/Past-Tense|Next Lesson — Past Tense ▶️]]
|}
</span>

Latest revision as of 13:02, 19 June 2023

◀️ Personal Pronouns — Previous Lesson Next Lesson — Past Tense ▶️

D5625E83-C213-4156-B650-20CA28E4F56B.jpeg
Bosnian → Grammar → 0 to A1 Course → Verbs and Tenses → Present Tense

Introduction[edit | edit source]

Welcome to the lesson on the present tense in Bosnian! In this lesson, we will explore how to conjugate regular and irregular verbs in the present tense. The present tense is used to describe actions happening in the current moment or general truths. Mastering the present tense is essential for building a strong foundation in Bosnian grammar and communication skills. By the end of this lesson, you will be able to confidently form sentences using different verbs and subjects in the present tense.

Regular Verbs in Present Tense[edit | edit source]

Regular verbs in Bosnian follow a predictable pattern when conjugated in the present tense. To conjugate a regular verb, we remove the infinitive ending and add the appropriate ending based on the subject pronoun. Let's take a look at the conjugation of the verb "govoriti" (to speak) in the present tense:

Bosnian Pronunciation English
Govorim go-vo-rim I speak
Govoriš go-vo-riš You speak
Govori go-vo-ri He/She/It speaks
Govorimo go-vo-ri-mo We speak
Govorite go-vo-ri-te You (plural) speak
Govore go-vo-re They speak

As you can see, the endings of the verb "govoriti" change depending on the subject pronoun. This pattern applies to all regular verbs in the present tense. Let's practice conjugating a few more regular verbs together:

  • "Raditi" (to work):
Bosnian Pronunciation English
Radim ra-dim I work
Radiš ra-diš You work
Radi ra-di He/She/It works
Radimo ra-di-mo We work
Radite ra-di-te You (plural) work
Rade ra-de They work
  • "Pisati" (to write):
Bosnian Pronunciation English
Pišem pi-šem I write
Pišeš pi-šeš You write
Piše pi-še He/She/It writes
Pišemo pi-še-mo We write
Pišete pi-še-te You (plural) write
Pišu pi-šu They write

By practicing the conjugation of regular verbs in the present tense, you will become more comfortable with the pattern and develop a stronger grasp of the Bosnian language.

Irregular Verbs in Present Tense[edit | edit source]

While regular verbs follow a predictable pattern, irregular verbs have unique conjugations in the present tense. These verbs require memorization and practice. Let's explore a few common irregular verbs in the present tense:

  • "Biti" (to be):
Bosnian Pronunciation English
Jesam je-sam I am
Jesi je-si You are
Jeste je-ste He/She/It is
Jesmo je-smo We are
Jeste je-ste You (plural) are
Jesu je-su They are
  • "Imati" (to have):
Bosnian Pronunciation English
Imam i-mam I have
Imaš i-maš You have
Ima i-ma He/She/It has
Imamo i-ma-mo We have
Imate i-ma-te You (plural) have
Imaju i-ma-ju They have
  • "Htjeti" (to want):
Bosnian Pronunciation English
Hoću ho-ću I want
Hoćeš ho-ćeš You want
Hoće ho-će He/She/It wants
Hoćemo ho-će-mo We want
Hoćete ho-će-te You (plural) want
Hoće ho-će They want

Irregular verbs add an extra layer of complexity to the present tense, but with practice and exposure to different verbs, you will become more familiar with their conjugations.

Cultural Insight: Regional Variations[edit | edit source]

The usage and understanding of the present tense may vary slightly across different regions of Bosnia and Herzegovina. While the core conjugation patterns remain the same, certain dialects may have unique verb forms or pronunciations. For example, in the Herzegovina dialect, the verb "govoriti" (to speak) is often pronounced as "govorit" or "govorit će" instead of "govori" for the third person singular. Additionally, some regions may have local words or phrases that are commonly used in the present tense.

It's important to note these regional variations as you engage with native Bosnian speakers and immerse yourself in the language. Embracing the diversity of the language will not only deepen your understanding but also enhance your cultural experience as you explore Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Practice Exercises[edit | edit source]

Now it's time to put your knowledge into practice! Complete the following exercises to reinforce your understanding of the present tense in Bosnian. Remember to conjugate the verbs based on the subject pronouns provided.

Exercise 1: Conjugate the verb "čitati" (to read) in the present tense:

  • Ja (I) - čitam
  • Ti (You) - čitaš
  • On/Ona/Ono (He/She/It) - čita
  • Mi (We) - čitamo
  • Vi (You - plural) - čitate
  • Oni/One/Ona (They) - čitaju

Exercise 2: Conjugate the verb "spavati" (to sleep) in the present tense:

  • Ja (I) - spavam
  • Ti (You) - spavaš
  • On/Ona/Ono (He/She/It) - spava
  • Mi (We) - spavamo
  • Vi (You - plural) - spavate
  • Oni/One/Ona (They) - spavaju

Exercise 3: Conjugate the verb "jesti" (to eat) in the present tense:

  • Ja (I) - jedem
  • Ti (You) - jedeš
  • On/Ona/Ono (He/She/It) - jede
  • Mi (We) - jedemo
  • Vi (You - plural) - jedete
  • Oni/One/Ona (They) - jedu

Exercise 4: Conjugate the verb "vidjeti" (to see) in the present tense:

  • Ja (I) - vidim
  • Ti (You) - vidiš
  • On/Ona/Ono (He/She/It) - vidi
  • Mi (We) - vidimo
  • Vi (You - plural) - vidite
  • Oni/One/Ona (They) - vide

Solutions[edit | edit source]

Exercise 1:

  • Ja (I) - čitam
  • Ti (You) - čitaš
  • On/Ona/Ono (He/She/It) - čita
  • Mi (We) - čitamo
  • Vi (You - plural) - čitate
  • Oni/One/Ona (They) - čitaju

Exercise 2:

  • Ja (I) - spavam
  • Ti (You) - spavaš
  • On/Ona/Ono (He/She/It) - spava
  • Mi (We) - spavamo
  • Vi (You - plural) - spavate
  • Oni/One/Ona (They) - spavaju

Exercise 3:

  • Ja (I) - jedem
  • Ti (You) - jedeš
  • On/Ona/Ono (He/She/It) - jede
  • Mi (We) - jedemo
  • Vi (You - plural) - jedete
  • Oni/One/Ona (They) - jedu

Exercise 4:

  • Ja (I) - vidim
  • Ti (You) - vidiš
  • On/Ona/Ono (He/She/It) - vidi
  • Mi (We) - vidimo
  • Vi (You - plural) - vidite
  • Oni/One/Ona (They) - vide

Great job! You've successfully practiced conjugating verbs in the present tense. Keep practicing to build your confidence and fluency in Bosnian.

Conclusion[edit | edit source]

In this lesson, we explored the present tense in Bosnian. We learned how to conjugate regular and irregular verbs in the present tense and practiced forming sentences using different verbs and subjects. Remember to pay attention to regional variations in the usage and pronunciation of the present tense, as this will enrich your understanding of the Bosnian language and culture. Keep practicing and applying what you've learned to further develop your language skills. Congratulations on completing this lesson, and keep up the great work!

Table of Contents - Bosnian Course - 0 to A1[edit source]


Introduction to Bosnian Alphabet


Basic Bosnian Sentence Structure


Greetings and Introductions


Nouns and Pronouns


Verbs and Tenses


Numbers and Time


Food and Drink


Travel and Transportation


Bosnian Customs and Traditions


Adjectives and Adverbs


Family and Relationships


Hobbies and Leisure Activities


Bosnian Literature and Cinema

Videos[edit | edit source]

Bosnian/Croatian/Serbian Grammar: The Present Tense Singular ...[edit | edit source]

Bosnian/Croatian/Serbian Grammar: The Present Tense Plural ...[edit | edit source]

Bosnian/Croatian/Serbian Grammar: The Present Tense Negation ...[edit | edit source]


Sources[edit | edit source]


Other Lessons[edit | edit source]



◀️ Personal Pronouns — Previous Lesson Next Lesson — Past Tense ▶️

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