Difference between revisions of "Language/Mandarin-chinese/Grammar/Comparative-Form-and-Usage"

Latest revision as of 10:54, 17 June 2023

◀️ Chinese Knots and Paper-cutting — Previous Lesson	Next Lesson — Superlative Form and Usage ▶️

Mandarin Chinese → Grammar → 0 to A1 Course → Comparative and Superlative → Comparative Form and Usage

Comparative Form and Usage[edit | edit source]

In this lesson, we will explore the rules for forming and using comparative adjectives and adverbs in Mandarin Chinese. Comparatives are used to compare two or more things, expressing a higher or lower degree of a quality or attribute. This is an important aspect of Mandarin Chinese grammar that will allow you to express comparisons and make your conversations more expressive and nuanced.

Comparative Adjectives[edit | edit source]

Comparative adjectives are used to compare the quality or attribute of two or more nouns. In Mandarin Chinese, comparative adjectives are formed by adding the word "比" (bǐ) before the adjective. The structure is as follows:

[Subject] + [比] + [Adjective] + [的] + [Noun]

For example, let's compare the size of two objects:

Mandarin Chinese	Pronunciation	English Translation
这个苹果比那个橙子大。	Zhège píngguǒ bǐ nàgè chéngzi dà.	This apple is bigger than that orange.

In this example, "这个苹果" (zhège píngguǒ) means "this apple", "那个橙子" (nàgè chéngzi) means "that orange", and "大" (dà) means "big". By using the comparative structure, we can compare the size of the two objects and express that the apple is bigger than the orange.

Here are some more examples of comparative adjectives in Mandarin Chinese:

Mandarin Chinese	Pronunciation	English Translation
这本书比那本书有趣。	Zhè běn shū bǐ nà běn shū yǒuqù.	This book is more interesting than that book.
我的新手机比你的旧手机贵。	Wǒ de xīn shǒujī bǐ nǐ de jiù shǒujī guì.	My new phone is more expensive than your old phone.
这个国家的人口比那个国家多。	Zhège guójiā de rénkǒu bǐ nàgè guójiā duō.	The population of this country is larger than that country.

In these examples, we can see how comparative adjectives are used to compare the qualities or attributes of different nouns. Remember to use the word "比" (bǐ) before the adjective and "的" (de) after the adjective to form the comparative structure.

Comparative Adverbs[edit | edit source]

Comparative adverbs are used to compare the manner or degree of an action or verb. In Mandarin Chinese, comparative adverbs are formed by adding the word "比" (bǐ) before the adverb. The structure is as follows:

[Subject] + [比] + [Adverb] + [地] + [Verb]

For example, let's compare the speed at which two people run:

Mandarin Chinese	Pronunciation	English Translation
我跑得比他快。	Wǒ pǎo de bǐ tā kuài.	I run faster than him.

In this example, "我" (wǒ) means "I", "跑" (pǎo) means "run", "得" (de) is used to connect the adverb and the verb, and "快" (kuài) means "fast". By using the comparative structure, we can compare the speed at which the two people run and express that "I" run faster than "him".

Here are some more examples of comparative adverbs in Mandarin Chinese:

Mandarin Chinese	Pronunciation	English Translation
这个电影拍得比那个电影好。	Zhège diànyǐng pāi de bǐ nàgè diànyǐng hǎo.	This movie is filmed better than that movie.
我们的团队工作得比他们高效。	Wǒmen de tuánduì gōngzuò de bǐ tāmen gāoxiào.	Our team works more efficiently than theirs.
他唱得比我好听。	Tā chàng de bǐ wǒ hǎotīng.	He sings better than me.

In these examples, we can see how comparative adverbs are used to compare the manner or degree of an action or verb. Remember to use the word "比" (bǐ) before the adverb and "地" (de) after the adverb to form the comparative structure.

Irregular Comparatives[edit | edit source]

While most comparative adjectives and adverbs in Mandarin Chinese follow a consistent pattern, there are some irregular comparatives that require special attention. These irregular comparatives have unique forms and cannot be formed using the regular comparative structures.

Here are some examples of irregular comparatives in Mandarin Chinese:

Mandarin Chinese	Pronunciation	English Translation
好	Hǎo	Good
更好	Gèng hǎo	Better
坏	Huài	Bad
更坏	Gèng huài	Worse
多	Duō	Many
更多	Gèng duō	More

In these examples, we can see that the comparative forms of "好" (hǎo), "坏" (huài), and "多" (duō) are irregular. Instead of adding "比" (bǐ) before the adjective or adverb, we use the word "更" (gèng) to indicate a higher degree or a comparison.

It's important to familiarize yourself with these irregular comparatives and practice using them in sentences to become comfortable with their usage.

Comparative Structures with Nouns[edit | edit source]

In addition to using comparative adjectives and adverbs, Mandarin Chinese also has comparative structures that involve nouns. These structures are used to compare the quantity or quality of two or more nouns.

Here are some examples of comparative structures with nouns in Mandarin Chinese:

1. Quantity Comparison: [Subject] + [比] + [Number] + [个] + [Noun]

Mandarin Chinese	Pronunciation	English Translation
我有比你更多的书。	Wǒ yǒu bǐ nǐ gèng duō de shū.	I have more books than you.

In this example, "我有" (wǒ yǒu) means "I have", "比" (bǐ) is used to compare the quantity, "你" (nǐ) means "you", "更多的" (gèng duō de) means "more", and "书" (shū) means "books". By using the comparative structure, we can compare the quantity of books that "I" have and express that "I" have more books than "you".

2. Quality Comparison: [Subject] + [比] + [Noun] + [的] + [Adjective]

Mandarin Chinese	Pronunciation	English Translation
这个城市比那个城市的空气更清新。	Zhège chéngshì bǐ nàgè chéngshì de kōngqì gèng qīngxīn.	The air in this city is fresher than the air in that city.

In this example, "这个城市" (zhège chéngshì) means "this city", "那个城市" (nàgè chéngshì) means "that city", "的" (de) is used to connect the noun and the adjective, "空气" (kōngqì) means "air", "更" (gèng) means "more", and "清新" (qīngxīn) means "fresh". By using the comparative structure, we can compare the quality of air in the two cities and express that the air in this city is fresher than the air in that city.

Practice Exercise[edit | edit source]

Now it's time to practice forming and using comparative adjectives and adverbs in Mandarin Chinese. Complete the following exercise by filling in the blanks with the appropriate comparative form:

1. 这本书比那本书 __________ (有趣).

2. 我的新手机比你的旧手机 __________ (贵).

3. 这个国家的人口比那个国家 __________ (多).

4. 我跑得比他 __________ (快).

5. 这个电影拍得比那个电影 __________ (好).

6. 我们的团队工作得比他们 __________ (高效).

7. 他唱得比我 __________ (好听).

Once you have completed the exercise, you can check your answers below:

1. 这本书比那本书有趣. (This book is more interesting than that book.)

2. 我的新手机比你的旧手机贵. (My new phone is more expensive than your old phone.)

3. 这个国家的人口比那个国家多. (The population of this country is larger than that country.)

4. 我跑得比他快. (I run faster than him.)

5. 这个电影拍得比那个电影好. (This movie is filmed better than that movie.)

6. 我们的团队工作得比他们高效. (Our team works more efficiently than theirs.)

7. 他唱得比我好听. (He sings better than me.)

Congratulations on completing the practice exercise! Practice is key to mastering comparative adjectives and adverbs in Mandarin Chinese. Keep practicing and using these structures in your conversations to become more fluent and confident in expressing comparisons.

Summary[edit | edit source]

In this lesson, we explored the rules for forming and using comparative adjectives and adverbs in Mandarin Chinese. We learned that comparative adjectives are formed by adding "比" (bǐ) before the adjective, and comparative adverbs are formed by adding "比" (bǐ) before the adverb. We also discovered that there are some irregular comparatives that have unique forms and cannot be formed using the regular comparative structures. Additionally, we discussed comparative structures with nouns, which are used to compare the quantity or quality of two or more nouns.

Remember to practice using comparative adjectives and adverbs in your conversations to become more comfortable and proficient in expressing comparisons in Mandarin Chinese. Keep up the good work, and in the next lesson, we will explore the rules for forming and using superlative adjectives and adverbs.

Table of Contents - Mandarin Chinese Course - 0 to A1[edit source]

Course Presentation

Pinyin and Tones

Greetings and Basic Expressions

Sentence Structure and Word Order

Daily Life and Survival Expressions

Chinese Festivals and Traditions

Verbs and Verb Usage

Hobbies, Sports and Activities

China's Geography and Landmarks

Nouns and Pronouns

Professions and Personality Traits

Chinese Traditional Arts and Crafts

Comparative and Superlative

Cities, Countries and Tourist Destinations

Modern China and Current Events

Other Lessons[edit | edit source]

◀️ Chinese Knots and Paper-cutting — Previous Lesson	Next Lesson — Superlative Form and Usage ▶️

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+<span pgnav>
+{| class="wikitable pg_template_nav"
+|[[Language/Mandarin-chinese/Culture/Chinese-Knots-and-Paper-cutting|◀️ Chinese Knots and Paper-cutting — Previous Lesson]]
+|[[Language/Mandarin-chinese/Grammar/Superlative-Form-and-Usage|Next Lesson — Superlative Form and Usage ▶️]]
+|}
+</span>
 {{Mandarin-chinese-Page-Top}}
+<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Mandarin-chinese|Mandarin Chinese]]  → [[Language/Mandarin-chinese/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Mandarin-chinese/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Comparative and Superlative → Comparative Form and Usage</div>
-<div class="pg_page_title">Mandarin Chinese Grammar → Comparative and Superlative → Comparative Form and Usage</div>
+__TOC__
-__TOC__
+== Comparative Form and Usage ==
-As a Mandarin Chinese language teacher with over 20 years of experience, I can testify to the importance of understanding comparative and superlative forms in Mandarin Chinese. It not only allows students to describe things more accurately, but it also enables them to express their opinions more clearly. In this lesson, we will focus on understanding the comparative form and how to use it correctly in Mandarin Chinese.
+In this lesson, we will explore the rules for forming and using comparative adjectives and adverbs in Mandarin Chinese. Comparatives are used to compare two or more things, expressing a higher or lower degree of a quality or attribute. This is an important aspect of Mandarin Chinese grammar that will allow you to express comparisons and make your conversations more expressive and nuanced.
-== Understanding the Comparative Form ==
+=== Comparative Adjectives ===
-The comparative form is used when comparing two things, and it is formed in Mandarin Chinese by adding the word "更" (gèng) before the adjective, followed by "一点" (yīdiǎn), meaning "a little", or "比" (bǐ), meaning "than". For example:
+Comparative adjectives are used to compare the quality or attribute of two or more nouns. In Mandarin Chinese, comparative adjectives are formed by adding the word "比" (bǐ) before the adjective. The structure is as follows:
-{| class="wikitable"
+[Subject] + [比] + [Adjective] + [的] + [Noun]
-! Mandarin Chinese !! Pronunciation !! English
-|-
-| 狗更忠诚一点 || Gǒu gèng zhōngchéng yīdiǎn || Dogs are more loyal (than other animals)
-|-
-| 这本书比那本书更有趣 || Zhè běn shū bǐ nà běn shū gèng yǒuqù || This book is more interesting than that book
-|}
-When using the comparative form with adverbs, the word "更" (gèng) is also added before the adverb. For example:
+For example, let's compare the size of two objects:
 {| class="wikitable"
-! Mandarin Chinese !! Pronunciation !! English
+! Mandarin Chinese !! Pronunciation !! English Translation
-|-
-| 她跑得更快 || Tā pǎo dé gèng kuài || She runs faster
 |-
-| 这个问题更难 || Zhège wèntí gèng nán || This question is more difficult
+| 这个苹果比那个橙子大。 || Zhège píngguǒ bǐ nàgè chéngzi dà. || This apple is bigger than that orange.
 |}
-Likewise, when using the comparative form with verbs, the word "更" (gèng) is added before the verb. For example:
+In this example, "这个苹果" (zhège píngguǒ) means "this apple", "那个橙子" (nàgè chéngzi) means "that orange", and "大" (dà) means "big". By using the comparative structure, we can compare the size of the two objects and express that the apple is bigger than the orange.
+Here are some more examples of comparative adjectives in Mandarin Chinese:
 {| class="wikitable"
-! Mandarin Chinese !! Pronunciation !! English
+! Mandarin Chinese !! Pronunciation !! English Translation
+|-
+| 这本书比那本书有趣。 || Zhè běn shū bǐ nà běn shū yǒuqù. || This book is more interesting than that book.
 |-
-| 我更喜欢篮球 || Wǒ gèng xǐhuan lánqiú || I like basketball more
+| 我的新手机比你的旧手机贵。 || Wǒ de xīn shǒujī bǐ nǐ de jiù shǒujī guì. || My new phone is more expensive than your old phone.
 |-
-| 他更外向 || Tā gèng wàixiàng || He is more outgoing
+| 这个国家的人口比那个国家多。 || Zhège guójiā de rénkǒu bǐ nàgè guójiā duō. || The population of this country is larger than that country.
 |}
-== Rules for Using the Comparative Form ==
+In these examples, we can see how comparative adjectives are used to compare the qualities or attributes of different nouns. Remember to use the word "比" (bǐ) before the adjective and "的" (de) after the adjective to form the comparative structure.
+=== Comparative Adverbs ===
-There are a few important rules to remember when using the comparative form in Mandarin Chinese:
+Comparative adverbs are used to compare the manner or degree of an action or verb. In Mandarin Chinese, comparative adverbs are formed by adding the word "比" (bǐ) before the adverb. The structure is as follows:
-. The word "更" (gèng) is necessary when using the comparative form.
+[Subject] + [比] + [Adverb] + [地] + [Verb]
-. The word "一点" (yīdiǎn) can be used to soften the comparison, but it is not required.
-. The word "比" (bǐ) is used to create a comparison between two things, and must be followed by the subject of comparison.
-When using the comparative form with adjectives, it is important to remember that the adjective must be placed before the word "更" (gèng). If the adjective is a two-character word, you can also use the comparative form by adding "得" (de) after the adjective, followed by "更" (gèng). For example:
+For example, let's compare the speed at which two people run:
 {| class="wikitable"
-! Mandarin Chinese !! Pronunciation !! English
+! Mandarin Chinese !! Pronunciation !! English Translation
-|-
-| 这个电影比那个电影好看得多 || Zhège diànyǐng bǐ nàgè diànyǐng hǎokàn de duō || This movie is much more interesting than that movie
 |-
-| 这个学校比那个学校更优秀 || Zhège xuéxiào bǐ nàgè xuéxiào gèng yōuxiù || This school is better than that school
+| 我跑得比他快。 || Wǒ pǎo de bǐ tā kuài. || I run faster than him.
 |}
-When using the comparative form with adverbs, the word "更" (gèng) is added before the adverb. For example:
+In this example, "我" (wǒ) means "I", "跑" (pǎo) means "run", "得" (de) is used to connect the adverb and the verb, and "快" (kuài) means "fast". By using the comparative structure, we can compare the speed at which the two people run and express that "I" run faster than "him".
+Here are some more examples of comparative adverbs in Mandarin Chinese:
 {| class="wikitable"
-! Mandarin Chinese !! Pronunciation !! English
+! Mandarin Chinese !! Pronunciation !! English Translation
 |-
-| 他说汉语说得更流利 || Tā shuō hànyǔ shuō de gèng liúlì || He speaks Mandarin more fluently
+| 这个电影拍得比那个电影好。 || Zhège diànyǐng pāi de bǐ nàgè diànyǐng hǎo. || This movie is filmed better than that movie.
 |-
-| 他带孩子带得更认真 || Tā dài háizi dài de gèng rènzhēn || He takes care of his child more seriously
+| 我们的团队工作得比他们高效。 || Wǒmen de tuánduì gōngzuò de bǐ tāmen gāoxiào. || Our team works more efficiently than theirs.
+|-
+| 他唱得比我好听。 || Tā chàng de bǐ wǒ hǎotīng. || He sings better than me.
 |}
-Remember that the comparative form is used to compare two things, so the subject of the comparison must always follow "比" (bǐ). For example:
+In these examples, we can see how comparative adverbs are used to compare the manner or degree of an action or verb. Remember to use the word "比" (bǐ) before the adverb and "地" (de) after the adverb to form the comparative structure.
+=== Irregular Comparatives ===
+While most comparative adjectives and adverbs in Mandarin Chinese follow a consistent pattern, there are some irregular comparatives that require special attention. These irregular comparatives have unique forms and cannot be formed using the regular comparative structures.
+Here are some examples of irregular comparatives in Mandarin Chinese:
 {| class="wikitable"
-! Mandarin Chinese !! Pronunciation !! English
+! Mandarin Chinese !! Pronunciation !! English Translation
+|-
+| 好 || Hǎo || Good
+|-
+| 更好 || Gèng hǎo || Better
+|-
+| 坏 || Huài || Bad
+|-
+| 更坏 || Gèng huài || Worse
 |-
-| 我的房间比你的房间更大 || Wǒ de fángjiān bǐ nǐ de fángjiān gèng dà || My room is bigger than your room
+| 多 || Duō || Many
 |-
-| 他比她更聪明 || Tā bǐ tā gèng cōngmíng || He is smarter than her
+| 更多 || Gèng duō || More
 |}
-== Exceptions to the Comparative Form ==
+In these examples, we can see that the comparative forms of "好" (hǎo), "坏" (huài), and "多" (duō) are irregular. Instead of adding "比" (bǐ) before the adjective or adverb, we use the word "更" (gèng) to indicate a higher degree or a comparison.
-While the comparative form is used to compare two things, there are instances where comparisons are made differently in Mandarin Chinese:
+It's important to familiarize yourself with these irregular comparatives and practice using them in sentences to become comfortable with their usage.
-. When comparing three or more things, the word "最" (zuì), meaning "most", is used instead of "更" (gèng). For example:
+=== Comparative Structures with Nouns ===
+In addition to using comparative adjectives and adverbs, Mandarin Chinese also has comparative structures that involve nouns. These structures are used to compare the quantity or quality of two or more nouns.
+Here are some examples of comparative structures with nouns in Mandarin Chinese:
+. Quantity Comparison:
+[Subject] + [比] + [Number] + [个] + [Noun]
 {| class="wikitable"
-! Mandarin Chinese !! Pronunciation !! English
+! Mandarin Chinese !! Pronunciation !! English Translation
-|-
-| 猫，狗和鸟，我最喜欢鸟 || Māo, gǒu hé niǎo, wǒ zuì xǐhuan niǎo || Cats, dogs and birds, I like birds the most
 |-
-| 他们三个中，她最高 || Tāmen sān gè zhòng, tā zuì gāo || Among the three of them, she is the tallest
+| 我有比你更多的书。 || Wǒ yǒu bǐ nǐ gèng duō de shū. || I have more books than you.
 |}
-. When comparing the same thing in two different time periods, the phrase "比起来" (bǐ qǐlái), meaning "compared to", is used. For example:
+In this example, "我有" (wǒ yǒu) means "I have", "比" (bǐ) is used to compare the quantity, "你" (nǐ) means "you", "更多的" (gèng duō de) means "more", and "书" (shū) means "books". By using the comparative structure, we can compare the quantity of books that "I" have and express that "I" have more books than "you".
+. Quality Comparison:
+[Subject] + [比] + [Noun] + [的] + [Adjective]
 {| class="wikitable"
-! Mandarin Chinese !! Pronunciation !! English
+! Mandarin Chinese !! Pronunciation !! English Translation
 |-
-| 今天的天气比昨天的天气好 || Jīntiān de tiānqì bǐ zuótiān de tiānqì hǎo || Today's weather is better than yesterday's
+| 这个城市比那个城市的空气更清新。 || Zhège chéngshì bǐ nàgè chéngshì de kōngqì gèng qīngxīn. || The air in this city is fresher than the air in that city.
-|-
-| 在中国出差，比起来在美国更忙 || Zài zhōngguó chūchāi, bǐ qǐlái zài měiguó gèng máng || Traveling for business in China is more hectic compared to (traveling for business) in the United States
 |}
-. When comparing qualities that cannot be measured, such as taste or temperature, the word "比较" (bǐjiào), meaning "comparatively", is used. For example:
+In this example, "这个城市" (zhège chéngshì) means "this city", "那个城市" (nàgè chéngshì) means "that city", "的" (de) is used to connect the noun and the adjective, "空气" (kōngqì) means "air", "更" (gèng) means "more", and "清新" (qīngxīn) means "fresh". By using the comparative structure, we can compare the quality of air in the two cities and express that the air in this city is fresher than the air in that city.
-{| class="wikitable"
+=== Practice Exercise ===
-! Mandarin Chinese !! Pronunciation !! English
-|-
+Now it's time to practice forming and using comparative adjectives and adverbs in Mandarin Chinese. Complete the following exercise by filling in the blanks with the appropriate comparative form:
-| 这家餐厅的菜比较好吃 || Zhè jiā cāntīng de cài bǐjiào hǎochī || The food in this restaurant tastes comparatively better
-|-
+. 这本书比那本书 __________ (有趣).
-| 我觉得这个天气比较冷 || Wǒ juédé zhège tiānqì bǐjiào lěng || I feel it is comparatively cold today
-|}
+. 我的新手机比你的旧手机 __________ (贵).
+. 这个国家的人口比那个国家 __________ (多).
+. 我跑得比他 __________ (快).
+. 这个电影拍得比那个电影 __________ (好).
+. 我们的团队工作得比他们 __________ (高效).
+. 他唱得比我 __________ (好听).
+Once you have completed the exercise, you can check your answers below:
+. 这本书比那本书有趣. (This book is more interesting than that book.)
+. 我的新手机比你的旧手机贵. (My new phone is more expensive than your old phone.)
+. 这个国家的人口比那个国家多. (The population of this country is larger than that country.)
+. 我跑得比他快. (I run faster than him.)
+. 这个电影拍得比那个电影好. (This movie is filmed better than that movie.)
+. 我们的团队工作得比他们高效. (Our team works more efficiently than theirs.)
+. 他唱得比我好听. (He sings better than me.)
+Congratulations on completing the practice exercise! Practice is key to mastering comparative adjectives and adverbs in Mandarin Chinese. Keep practicing and using these structures in your conversations to become more fluent and confident in expressing comparisons.
+=== Summary ===
+In this lesson, we explored the rules for forming and using comparative adjectives and adverbs in Mandarin Chinese. We learned that comparative adjectives are formed by adding "比" (bǐ) before the adjective, and comparative adverbs are formed by adding "比" (bǐ) before the adverb. We also discovered that there are some irregular comparatives that have unique forms and cannot be formed using the regular comparative structures. Additionally, we discussed comparative structures with nouns, which are used to compare the quantity or quality of two or more nouns.
-== Conclusion ==
+Remember to practice using comparative adjectives and adverbs in your conversations to become more comfortable and proficient in expressing comparisons in Mandarin Chinese. Keep up the good work, and in the next lesson, we will explore the rules for forming and using superlative adjectives and adverbs.
-In this lesson, we have covered the rules for forming and using comparative adjectives and adverbs in Mandarin Chinese. Remember to use the word "更" (gèng) when comparing two things, and "最" (zuì) when comparing three or more things. Use the word "比
+{{#seo:
+|title=Mandarin Chinese Grammar → Comparative and Superlative → Comparative Form and Usage
+|keywords=mandarin chinese, comparative form, comparative usage, comparative adjectives, comparative adverbs
+|description=In this lesson, you will learn the rules for forming and using comparative adjectives and adverbs in Mandarin Chinese. Comparative adjectives are used to compare the quality or attribute of two or more nouns, while comparative adverbs are used to compare the manner or degree of an action or verb. Practice exercises are included to reinforce your learning.
+}}
 {{Mandarin-chinese-0-to-A1-Course-TOC}}
@@ Line 122: / Line 186: @@
 [[Category:0-to-A1-Course]]
 [[Category:Mandarin-chinese-0-to-A1-Course]]
+<span gpt></span> <span model=gpt-3.5-turbo-16k></span> <span temperature=0.7></span>
-==Related Lessons==
+==Other Lessons==
 * [[Language/Mandarin-chinese/Grammar/了-le|了 le]]
 * [[Language/Mandarin-chinese/Grammar/Subject-Verb-Object-Structure|Subject Verb Object Structure]]
@@ Line 135: / Line 203: @@
 * [[Language/Mandarin-chinese/Grammar/Superlative-Form-and-Usage|Superlative Form and Usage]]
 * [[Language/Mandarin-chinese/Grammar/Demonstrative-Pronouns-and-Interrogative-Pronouns|Demonstrative Pronouns and Interrogative Pronouns]]
 {{Mandarin-chinese-Page-Bottom}}
+<span pgnav>
+{| class="wikitable pg_template_nav"
+|[[Language/Mandarin-chinese/Culture/Chinese-Knots-and-Paper-cutting|◀️ Chinese Knots and Paper-cutting — Previous Lesson]]
+|[[Language/Mandarin-chinese/Grammar/Superlative-Form-and-Usage|Next Lesson — Superlative Form and Usage ▶️]]
+|}
+</span>