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[[File:Adjectives in Turkish.png|alt=Adjectives in Turkish|thumb]]
Today, we're going to talk about adjectives and how to use them in Turkish.


== What are Adjectives? ==
<span pgnav>
Adjectives are words that describe or modify nouns, and they come before the noun in Turkish. Unlike in English, where we usually use adjectives after the noun, Turkish adjectives go before the noun they describe.
{| class="wikitable pg_template_nav"


For example, let's look at the sentence "the red apple" in English. In Turkish, this would be "kırmızı elma," with "kırmızı" (meaning "red") coming before "elma" (meaning "apple").
|[[Language/Turkish/Grammar/Verbs|◀️ Verbs — Previous Lesson]]
|[[Language/Turkish/Grammar/Pronouns|Next Lesson — Pronouns ▶️]]
|}
</span>


Now, let's dive into some more specifics about using adjectives in Turkish:
{{Turkish-Page-Top}}
<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Turkish|Turkish]]  → [[Language/Turkish/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Turkish/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Basic Grammar → Adjectives</div>
__TOC__


== Agreement with the noun ==
== Introduction ==
In Turkish, adjectives must agree with the noun they describe in terms of number (singular/plural) and possession (possessive/non-possessive). This means that if the noun is plural or possessive, the adjective should also be plural or possessive.
In this lesson, we will focus on Turkish adjectives. Adjectives are an important part of any language as they help us describe and provide more information about nouns. By the end of this lesson, you will be able to form and use Turkish adjectives correctly.


For example:
== Forms of Adjectives ==
Turkish adjectives have two forms: positive and attributive. The positive form is used to describe a noun directly, while the attributive form is used when the adjective is preceded by a possessive pronoun or a definite article. Let's take a look at some examples:


* "The big houses" would be "büyük evler" in Turkish, with "büyük" (meaning "big") taking the plural form to match "evler" (meaning "houses").
=== Positive Form ===
* "My beautiful country" would be "güzel ülkem" in Turkish, with "güzel" (meaning "beautiful") taking the possessive form to match "ülkem" (meaning "my country").
Positive adjectives are used to directly describe a noun. They usually come after the noun they modify. Here are some examples:


== Adjective order ==
{| class="wikitable"
When there are multiple adjectives describing a noun in Turkish, they should follow a specific order. This order is: quantity/number, quality/opinion, size, age, shape, color, origin, material.
! Turkish !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| güzel ev || goo-zel ev || beautiful house
|-
| büyük şehir || boo-yook she-hir || big city
|-
| sıcak çay || suh-jak chai || hot tea
|}


For example:
=== Attributive Form ===
Attributive adjectives are used when the adjective is preceded by a possessive pronoun or a definite article. They agree with the noun they modify in terms of number and case. Here are some examples:


* "The three delicious Turkish kebabs" would be "üç lezzetli Türk kebabı" in Turkish, with "üç" (meaning "three") coming first, followed by "lezzetli" (meaning "delicious"), "Türk" (meaning "Turkish"), and "kebabı" (meaning "kebabs").
{| class="wikitable"
! Turkish !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| benim güzel evim || ben-im goo-zel ev-im || my beautiful house
|-
| onun büyük şehri || on-un boo-yook sheh-ri || his/her big city
|-
| o sıcak çayı içti || o suh-jak chai-i eech-tee || he/she drank the hot tea
|}


== Comparison of adjectives ==
== Agreement with Nouns ==
In Turkish, adjectives can be compared using the words "daha" (meaning "more") and "en" (meaning "most"). To make a comparison, add "daha" or "en" before the adjective.
In Turkish, adjectives agree with the noun they modify in terms of number and case. This means that the ending of the adjective changes according to the number (singular or plural) and case (nominative, accusative, etc.) of the noun. Let's take a look at some examples:


For example:
=== Singular Nouns ===
When the noun is singular, the adjective takes the following endings:


* "The blue dress is more beautiful than the green dress" would be "Mavi elbise yeşil elbiseden daha güzel" in Turkish, with "daha güzel" (meaning "more beautiful") added before "güzel" (meaning "beautiful").
* Nominative case: -dir, -dır, -dur, -dür
* Accusative case: -i, -ı, -u, -ü
* Locative case: -de, -da


That's it for this beginner's lesson on Turkish adjectives! I hope this has been helpful for you as you begin to learn and practice using adjectives in Turkish. Remember to practice using them in context to really solidify your understanding, and don't be afraid to make mistakes - that's all part of the learning process!
Here are some examples:


== Common Turkish Adjectives ==
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
!'''<big>ENGLISH</big>'''
! Turkish !! Pronunciation !! English
!'''<big>PRONUNCIATION ENGLISH</big>'''
!'''<big>TURKISH</big>'''
|-
|-
|OPEN
| güzel ev || goo-zel ev || beautiful house
|'''''ah chahk'''''
|'''<big>AÇIK</big>'''
|-
|-
|TALL
| sıcak çayı içtim || suh-jak chai-i eech-teem || I drank the hot tea
|'''''ou zoun boy lou'''''
|'''<big>UZUN BOYLU</big>'''
|-
|-
|YELLOW
| büyük şehirde || boo-yook she-hir-de || in a big city
|'''''sah ruh'''''
|}
|'''<big>SARI</big>'''
 
=== Plural Nouns ===
When the noun is plural, the adjective takes the following endings:
 
* Nominative case: -ler, -lar
* Accusative case: -leri, -ları
* Locative case: -lerde, -larda
 
Here are some examples:
 
{| class="wikitable"
! Turkish !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
|BLUE
| güzel evler || goo-zel ev-ler || beautiful houses
|'''''mah vih'''''
|'''<big>MAVİ</big>'''
|-
|-
|CHEAP
| sıcak çayları içtik || suh-jak chai-la-ree eech-teek || we drank the hot teas
|'''''ou jouz'''''
|'''<big>UCUZ</big>'''
|-
|-
|DRUNK
| büyük şehirlerde || boo-yook she-hir-ler-de || in big cities
|'''''sahr hoh sh'''''
|}
|'''<big>SARHOŞ</big>'''
 
== Comparison of Adjectives ==
Turkish adjectives can also be compared to express degrees of comparison. There are three degrees of comparison: positive, comparative, and superlative. Let's see how they are formed:
 
=== Positive Degree ===
The positive degree is used to simply describe a noun without making any comparison. It is formed by adding the adjective directly after the noun. Here are some examples:
 
{| class="wikitable"
! Turkish !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
|GOOD
| güzel ev || goo-zel ev || beautiful house
|'''''ih eh'''''
|'''<big>İYİ</big>'''
|-
|-
|BEAUTIFUL
| uzun yol || oo-zoon yol || long road
|'''''gew zehl'''''
|'''<big>GÜZEL</big>'''
|-
|-
|WHITE
| zengin adam || zen-geen a-dam || rich man
|'''''bay ahz'''''
|}
|'''<big>BEYAZ</big>'''
 
=== Comparative Degree ===
The comparative degree is used to compare two nouns or two qualities. It is formed by adding the suffix "-den" to the end of the adjective. Here are some examples:
 
{| class="wikitable"
! Turkish !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
|I AM TIRED
| daha güzel ev || da-ha goo-zel ev || more beautiful house
|'''''yohr gou noum'''''
|'''<big>YORGUNUM</big>'''
|-
|-
|EXPENSIVE
| daha uzun yol || da-ha oo-zoon yol || longer road
|'''''pah hah luh'''''
|'''<big>PAHALI</big>'''
|-
|-
|I AM SURE
| daha zengin adam || da-ha zen-geen a-dam || richer man
|'''''eh mih nihm'''''
|}
|'''<big>EMİNİM</big>'''
|-
|FULL
|'''''doh lou'''''
|'''<big>DOLU</big>'''
|-
|SLOW
|'''''yah vah sh'''''
|'''<big>YAVAŞ</big>'''
|-
|DIFFERENT
|'''''fahr klih'''''
|'''<big>FARKLI</big>'''
|-
|HARD
|'''''zohr'''''
|'''<big>ZOR</big>'''
|-
|EASY
|'''''kah lah ih'''''
|'''<big>KOLAY</big>'''
|-
|I AM HUNGRY
|'''''ah tchuhm'''''
|'''<big>AÇIM</big>'''
|-
|CLOSED
|'''''kah pah luh'''''
|'''<big>KAPALI</big>'''
|-
|I AM HAPPY
|'''''mou tlou youm'''''
|'''<big>MUTLUYUM</big>'''
|-
|COLD
|'''''soh ook'''''
|'''<big>SOĞUK</big>'''
|-
|BIG
|'''''bew ih ewk'''''
|'''<big>BÜYÜK</big>'''
|-
|HUGE
|'''''chohk bew ih ewk'''''
|'''<big>ÇOK BÜYÜK</big>'''
|-
|COST-FREE
|'''''ew djih reh tsihz'''''
|'''<big>ÜCRETSİZ</big>'''
|-
|IMPORTANT
|'''''er nehm lih'''''
|'''<big>ÖNEMLİ</big>'''
|-
|IMPOSSIBLE
|'''''ihm kahn suhz'''''
|'''<big>İMKANSIZ</big>'''
|-
|SMART
|'''''ah kuh luh'''''
|'''<big>AKILLI</big>'''
|-
|INTERNATIONAL
|'''''ou lous lah rah rah suh'''''
|'''<big>ULUSLARARASI</big>'''
|-
|YOUNG
|'''''gehn ch'''''
|'''<big>GENÇ</big>'''
|-
|FREE
|'''''boh shoum'''''
|'''<big>BOŞUM</big>'''
|-
|FAR
|'''''ou zahk'''''
|'''<big>UZAK</big>'''
|-
|SAME ...
|'''''ah ih nuh ...'''''
|'''<big>AYNI ...</big>'''
|-
|SAME THING
|'''''ah ih nuh shay ...'''''
|'''<big>AYNI ŞEY</big>'''
|-
|NATIONAL
|'''''ou loou sahl'''''
|'''<big>ULUSAL</big>'''
|-
|NECESSARY
|'''''geh reh klih'''''
|'''<big>GEREKLİ</big>'''
|-
|NORMAL
|'''''nohr mahl'''''
|'''<big>NORMAL</big>'''
|-
|NEW
|'''''yeh nih'''''
|'''<big>YENİ</big>'''
|-
|NEVER
|'''''hih ch'''''
|'''<big>HIÇ</big>'''
|-
|I AM BUSY
|'''''mehsh gou lewm'''''
|'''<big>MEŞGULÜM</big>'''
|-
|THE TELEPHONE
IS BUSY
|'''''teh leh fohn'''''


'''''mehsh goul'''''
=== Superlative Degree ===
|'''<big>TELEFON</big>'''
The superlative degree is used to express the highest degree of a quality. It is formed by adding the suffix "-en" to the end of the adjective. Here are some examples:


'''<big>MEŞGUL</big>'''
{| class="wikitable"
! Turkish !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
|OTHER
| en güzel ev || en goo-zel ev || the most beautiful house
|'''''bah she kah'''''
|'''<big>BAŞKA</big>'''
|-
|-
|SMALL
| en uzun yol || en oo-zoon yol || the longest road
|'''''kew chewk'''''
|'''<big>KÜÇÜK</big>'''
|-
|-
|DANGEROUS
| en zengin adam || en zen-geen a-dam || the richest man
|'''''tehH lih keh lih'''''
|}
|'''<big>TEHLİKELİ</big>'''
 
|-
== Irregular Adjectives ==
|NEAR
While most Turkish adjectives follow regular patterns, there are some adjectives that are irregular and do not follow the usual rules. Here are some examples of irregular adjectives and their forms:
|'''''yah kuhn'''''
|'''<big>YAKIN</big>'''
|-
|NEAR OF THE HOTEL
|'''''oh teh lihn'''''


'''''yah kuh nihn dah'''''
{| class="wikitable"
|'''<big>OTELİN YAKININDA</big>'''
! Turkish !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|BLACK
|'''''see ahH'''''
|'''<big>SİYAH</big>'''
|-
|HOT
|'''''suh jahk'''''
|'''<big>SICAK</big>'''
|-
|FAST
|'''''huhz luh'''''
|'''<big>HIZLI</big>'''
|-
|LATE
|'''''gehch'''''
|'''<big>GEÇ</big>'''
|-
|-
|OLD
| iyi || ee-yee || good
|'''''ehs kih'''''
|'''<big>ESKİ</big>'''
|-
|-
|OLD (THINGS)
| kötü || kur-too || bad
|'''''ehs kih (shay lehr)'''''
|'''<big>ESKİ (ŞEYLER)</big>'''
|-
|-
|GREEN
| büyük || boo-yook || big
|'''''yeh shihl'''''
|'''<big>YEŞİL</big>'''
|-
|-
|RED
| küçük || koo-chook || small
|'''''kuhr muh zuh'''''
|'''<big>KIRMIZI</big>'''
|}
|}


{{Portuguese-0-to-A1-Course-TOC}}
== Conclusion ==
<span links></span>
In this lesson, we have learned about Turkish adjectives and how to form and use them correctly. We have seen the positive and attributive forms of adjectives, as well as their agreement with nouns and degrees of comparison. Adjectives are an important part of Turkish grammar, and mastering them will greatly enhance your ability to communicate effectively in Turkish.
 
Now that you have a good understanding of adjectives, you can move on to the next lesson in the course, where we will focus on pronouns.
 
{{#seo:
|title=Turkish Grammar → Basic Grammar → Adjectives
|keywords=Turkish adjectives, forms of adjectives, positive form, attributive form, agreement with nouns, singular nouns, plural nouns, comparison of adjectives, positive degree, comparative degree, superlative degree, irregular adjectives
|description=In this lesson, you will learn how to form and use Turkish adjectives correctly. We will cover the forms of adjectives, agreement with nouns, and the comparison of adjectives.
}}
 
{{Turkish-0-to-A1-Course-TOC}}
 
[[Category:Course]]
[[Category:Turkish-Course]]
[[Category:0-to-A1-Course]]
[[Category:Turkish-0-to-A1-Course]]
<span gpt></span> <span model=gpt-3.5-turbo-16k></span> <span temperature=0.7></span>
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
{{Turkish-Page-Bottom}}
 
<span pgnav>
{| class="wikitable pg_template_nav"
 
|[[Language/Turkish/Grammar/Verbs|◀️ Verbs — Previous Lesson]]
|[[Language/Turkish/Grammar/Pronouns|Next Lesson — Pronouns ▶️]]
|}
</span>

Latest revision as of 00:17, 17 June 2023

◀️ Verbs — Previous Lesson Next Lesson — Pronouns ▶️

Turkish-Language-PolyglotClub-Large.png
Turkish → Grammar → 0 to A1 Course → Basic Grammar → Adjectives

Introduction[edit | edit source]

In this lesson, we will focus on Turkish adjectives. Adjectives are an important part of any language as they help us describe and provide more information about nouns. By the end of this lesson, you will be able to form and use Turkish adjectives correctly.

Forms of Adjectives[edit | edit source]

Turkish adjectives have two forms: positive and attributive. The positive form is used to describe a noun directly, while the attributive form is used when the adjective is preceded by a possessive pronoun or a definite article. Let's take a look at some examples:

Positive Form[edit | edit source]

Positive adjectives are used to directly describe a noun. They usually come after the noun they modify. Here are some examples:

Turkish Pronunciation English
güzel ev goo-zel ev beautiful house
büyük şehir boo-yook she-hir big city
sıcak çay suh-jak chai hot tea

Attributive Form[edit | edit source]

Attributive adjectives are used when the adjective is preceded by a possessive pronoun or a definite article. They agree with the noun they modify in terms of number and case. Here are some examples:

Turkish Pronunciation English
benim güzel evim ben-im goo-zel ev-im my beautiful house
onun büyük şehri on-un boo-yook sheh-ri his/her big city
o sıcak çayı içti o suh-jak chai-i eech-tee he/she drank the hot tea

Agreement with Nouns[edit | edit source]

In Turkish, adjectives agree with the noun they modify in terms of number and case. This means that the ending of the adjective changes according to the number (singular or plural) and case (nominative, accusative, etc.) of the noun. Let's take a look at some examples:

Singular Nouns[edit | edit source]

When the noun is singular, the adjective takes the following endings:

  • Nominative case: -dir, -dır, -dur, -dür
  • Accusative case: -i, -ı, -u, -ü
  • Locative case: -de, -da

Here are some examples:

Turkish Pronunciation English
güzel ev goo-zel ev beautiful house
sıcak çayı içtim suh-jak chai-i eech-teem I drank the hot tea
büyük şehirde boo-yook she-hir-de in a big city

Plural Nouns[edit | edit source]

When the noun is plural, the adjective takes the following endings:

  • Nominative case: -ler, -lar
  • Accusative case: -leri, -ları
  • Locative case: -lerde, -larda

Here are some examples:

Turkish Pronunciation English
güzel evler goo-zel ev-ler beautiful houses
sıcak çayları içtik suh-jak chai-la-ree eech-teek we drank the hot teas
büyük şehirlerde boo-yook she-hir-ler-de in big cities

Comparison of Adjectives[edit | edit source]

Turkish adjectives can also be compared to express degrees of comparison. There are three degrees of comparison: positive, comparative, and superlative. Let's see how they are formed:

Positive Degree[edit | edit source]

The positive degree is used to simply describe a noun without making any comparison. It is formed by adding the adjective directly after the noun. Here are some examples:

Turkish Pronunciation English
güzel ev goo-zel ev beautiful house
uzun yol oo-zoon yol long road
zengin adam zen-geen a-dam rich man

Comparative Degree[edit | edit source]

The comparative degree is used to compare two nouns or two qualities. It is formed by adding the suffix "-den" to the end of the adjective. Here are some examples:

Turkish Pronunciation English
daha güzel ev da-ha goo-zel ev more beautiful house
daha uzun yol da-ha oo-zoon yol longer road
daha zengin adam da-ha zen-geen a-dam richer man

Superlative Degree[edit | edit source]

The superlative degree is used to express the highest degree of a quality. It is formed by adding the suffix "-en" to the end of the adjective. Here are some examples:

Turkish Pronunciation English
en güzel ev en goo-zel ev the most beautiful house
en uzun yol en oo-zoon yol the longest road
en zengin adam en zen-geen a-dam the richest man

Irregular Adjectives[edit | edit source]

While most Turkish adjectives follow regular patterns, there are some adjectives that are irregular and do not follow the usual rules. Here are some examples of irregular adjectives and their forms:

Turkish Pronunciation English
iyi ee-yee good
kötü kur-too bad
büyük boo-yook big
küçük koo-chook small

Conclusion[edit | edit source]

In this lesson, we have learned about Turkish adjectives and how to form and use them correctly. We have seen the positive and attributive forms of adjectives, as well as their agreement with nouns and degrees of comparison. Adjectives are an important part of Turkish grammar, and mastering them will greatly enhance your ability to communicate effectively in Turkish.

Now that you have a good understanding of adjectives, you can move on to the next lesson in the course, where we will focus on pronouns.

Table of Contents - Turkish Course - 0 to A1[edit source]


Turkish Alphabet


Basic Grammar


Complex Grammar


Everyday Phrases


Numbers and Time


Turkish Culture


Daily Life





◀️ Verbs — Previous Lesson Next Lesson — Pronouns ▶️

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