Difference between revisions of "Language/German/Grammar/Future-Tense"
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== How to express the future in German == | == How to express the future in German == | ||
Future Tense in German is expressed quite similar to their English counterparts with the auxiliary verb ”werden” (devenir en français). | |||
This verb has 2 meanings: As a full verb it means development | This verb has 2 meanings: As a full verb, it means development and growth, but it’s also the explicit future form of the only verb that actually has a future of its own - the auxiliary verb ”sein” (to be). | ||
* So the future I of a verb is formed by <code>werden + infinitiv of the verb itself</code>; | * So the future I of a verb is formed by <code>werden + infinitiv of the verb itself</code>; | ||
* future II is formed with <code>werden + particip perfect of the verb + sein</code>. | * future II is formed with <code>werden + particip perfect of the verb + haben</code> or with <code>werden + particip perfect of the verb + sein.</code>(Whether you need to use "haben" or "sein" depends on which auxiliary verb is used to form the perfect.) | ||
=== Example with to | === Example with to laugh (lachen): === | ||
*'''Present tense''': Ich lache, du lachst, er/sie/es lacht, wir lachen, ihr lacht, sie lachen. | |||
* '''Future I''': Ich werde lachen, du wirst lachen, er wird lachen, wir werden lachen, ihr werdet lachen, sie werden lachen. | |||
*'''Future II''': Ich werde gelacht haben, du wirst gelacht haben, er wird gelacht haben, wir werden gelacht haben, ihr werdet gelacht haben, sie werden gelacht haben. | |||
=== Example with to go (gehen): === | |||
*'''Present tense''': Ich gehe, du gehst, er geht, wir gehen, ihr geht, sie gehen. | |||
* '''Future I''': Ich werde gehen, du wirst gehen, er wird gehen, wir werden gehen, ihr werdet gehen, sie werden gehen | |||
*'''Future II''': Ich werde gegangen sein, du wirst gegangen sein, er wird gegangen sein, wir werden gegangen sein, ihr werdet gegangen sein, sie werden gegangen sein. | |||
Also the reason for these constructions is quite simple | Also, the reason for these constructions is quite simple. | ||
The Germanic language family (les langues germanophones) lacked future forms. Their need came with the translation of the bible, about the 7th century, when the translation of prophecies of the end of the world required a temporal form of expressing events in the future, the monks used the complete verb ”werden” (in german) and will/shall (in English). | |||
==='''Table with the finalizations in the Future tense'''=== | |||
=== '''Table with the finalizations in the Future tense''' === | |||
{| class="wikitable sortable" | {| class="wikitable sortable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
!'''<big> | !'''<big>English</big>''' | ||
!'''<big> | ! '''<big>German</big>''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
|I will ... | |I will ... | ||
| | |[pronoun] + werde + [verb in the infinitive] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|You will ... | |You will ... | ||
| | |[pronoun] + wirst + [verb in the infinitive] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|He | |He/she/it will ... | ||
|[pronoun] + wird + [verb in the infinitive] | |||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
|We will ... | |We will ... | ||
| | |[pronoun] + werden + [verb in the infinitive] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|You will ... | | You will ... | ||
| | |[pronoun] + werdet + [verb in the infinitive] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|They will ... | |They will ... | ||
| | |[pronoun] + werden + [verb in the infinitive] | ||
|} | |} | ||
== Examples == | ==Examples== | ||
=== '''Verb : | ==='''Verb : to work: arbeiten'''=== | ||
{| class="wikitable sortable" | {| class="wikitable sortable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
!'''<big>Pronouns</big>''' | !'''<big>English Pronouns</big>''' | ||
''' | !<big>'''English Verbs'''</big> | ||
!'''<big>German Pronouns</big>''' | |||
!'''<big> | !'''<big>German Verbs</big>''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
|I | |I | ||
|will work | |will work | ||
| | |Ich | ||
|werde arbeiten | |||
|- | |- | ||
|You | |You | ||
|will work | |will work | ||
| | |Du | ||
|wirst arbeiten | |||
|- | |- | ||
|He | |He/she/it | ||
|will work | |will work | ||
| | |Er/sie/es | ||
|wird arbeiten | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | |We | ||
|will work | |will work | ||
| | |Wir | ||
|werden arbeiten | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | |You (plur) | ||
|will work | |will work | ||
| | |Ihr | ||
|werdet arbeiten | |||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
|They | |They | ||
|will work | | will work | ||
| | |Sie | ||
|werden arbeiten | |||
|} | |} | ||
=== '''Verb : | ==='''Verb : to buy: kaufen'''=== | ||
{| class="wikitable sortable" | {| class="wikitable sortable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
!'''<big>Pronouns</big>''' | !'''<big>English Pronouns</big>''' | ||
''' | !<big>'''English Verbs'''</big> | ||
!'''<big>German Pronouns</big>''' | |||
!'''<big> | !'''<big>German Verbs</big>''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
|I | |I | ||
|will buy | |will buy | ||
| | |Ich | ||
|werde kaufen | |||
|- | |- | ||
|You | |You | ||
|will buy | |will buy | ||
| | |Du | ||
|wirst kaufen | |||
|- | |- | ||
|He | |He/she/it | ||
|will buy | |will buy | ||
| | |Er/sie/es | ||
|wird kaufen | |||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
|We | |We | ||
|will buy | |will buy | ||
| | |Wir | ||
|werden kaufen | |||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | |You (plur) | ||
|will buy | |will buy | ||
| | |Ihr | ||
|werdet kaufen | |||
|- | |- | ||
|They | |They | ||
|will buy | | will buy | ||
| | |Sie | ||
|werden kaufen | |||
|} | |} | ||
=== '''Verb : | ==='''Verb : to come: ankommen'''=== | ||
{| class="wikitable sortable" | {| class="wikitable sortable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
!'''<big>Pronouns</big>''' | !'''<big>English Pronouns</big>''' | ||
''' | !<big>'''English Verbs'''</big> | ||
!'''<big>German Pronouns</big>''' | |||
!'''<big> | !'''<big>German Verbs</big>''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
|I | |I | ||
|will come | |will come | ||
| | |Ich | ||
|werde ankomen | |||
|- | |- | ||
|You | |You | ||
|will come | |will come | ||
| | |Du | ||
|wirst ankomen | |||
|- | |- | ||
|He | |He/she/it | ||
|will come | |will come | ||
| | |Er/sie/es | ||
|wird ankomen | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | |We | ||
|will come | |will come | ||
| | |Wir | ||
|werden ankomen | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | |You (plur) | ||
|will come | |will come | ||
| | | Ihr | ||
|werdet ankomen | |||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
|They | |They | ||
|will come | | will come | ||
| | |Sie | ||
|werden ankomen | |||
|} | |} | ||
=== '''Verb : | ==='''Verb : to help: helfen'''=== | ||
{| class="wikitable sortable" | {| class="wikitable sortable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
!'''<big>Pronouns</big>''' | !'''<big>English Pronouns</big>''' | ||
''' | !<big>'''English Verbs'''</big> | ||
!'''<big>German Pronouns</big>''' | |||
!'''<big> | !'''<big>German Verbs</big>''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
|I | |I | ||
|will help | |will help | ||
| | |Ich | ||
|werde helfen | |||
|- | |- | ||
|You | |You | ||
|will help | |will help | ||
| | |Du | ||
|wirst helfen | |||
|- | |- | ||
|He | |He/she/it | ||
|will help | |will help | ||
| | |Er/sie/es | ||
|wird helfen | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | |We | ||
|will help | | will help | ||
| | |Wir | ||
|werden helfen | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | |You (plur) | ||
|will help | |will help | ||
| | |Ihr | ||
|werdet helfen | |||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
|They | |They | ||
|will help | |will help | ||
| | |Sie | ||
|werden helfen | |||
| | |||
|} | |} | ||
=== '''Verb : | ==='''Verb : to let: lassen'''=== | ||
{| class="wikitable sortable" | {| class="wikitable sortable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
!'''<big>English Pronouns</big>''' | |||
''' | !<big>'''English Verbs'''</big> | ||
!'''<big>German Pronouns</big>''' | |||
!'''<big>German Verbs</big>''' | |||
|- | |- | ||
|I | |I | ||
|will let | |will let | ||
| | |Ich | ||
|werde lassen | |||
|- | |- | ||
|You | |You | ||
|will let | |will let | ||
| | |Du | ||
|wirst lassen | |||
|- | |- | ||
|He | |He/she/it | ||
|will let | |will let | ||
| | |Er/sie/es | ||
|wird lassen | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | |We | ||
|will let | |will let | ||
| | |Wir | ||
|werden lassen | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | |You (plur) | ||
|will let | |will let | ||
| | |Ihr | ||
|werdet lassen | |||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
|They | |They | ||
|will let | |will let | ||
| | |Sie | ||
|werden lassen | |||
| | |||
|} | |} | ||
== Sources == | ==Videos== | ||
===The Future Tense in German=== | |||
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AfuPxqM1jHU</youtube> | |||
===German Future Tense Tutorial=== | |||
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=01Pl9YCU9_0</youtube> | |||
==Sources== | |||
*https://polyglotclub.com/language.php?question_id=38126 | |||
*https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AfuPxqM1jHU | |||
*https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=01Pl9YCU9_0 | |||
* | ==Other Lessons== | ||
* [[Language/German/Grammar/Past-Participle-in-German|Past Participle in German]] | |||
*[[Language/German/Grammar/Objects|Objects]] | |||
*[[Language/German/Grammar/Imperative-Tense|Imperative Tense]] | |||
*[[Language/German/Grammar/Definite-Articles-in-German|Definite Articles in German]] | |||
*[[Language/German/Grammar/Past-Tense|Past Tense]] | |||
*[[Language/German/Grammar/Common-Mistakes|Common Mistakes]] | |||
*[[Language/German/Grammar/Cases|Cases]] | |||
* [[Language/German/Grammar/Simple-negative-sentences|Simple negative sentences]] | |||
*[[Language/German/Grammar/How-to-Use-Be|How to Use Be]] | |||
<span links></span> |
Latest revision as of 14:35, 30 March 2023
How to express the future in German[edit | edit source]
Future Tense in German is expressed quite similar to their English counterparts with the auxiliary verb ”werden” (devenir en français).
This verb has 2 meanings: As a full verb, it means development and growth, but it’s also the explicit future form of the only verb that actually has a future of its own - the auxiliary verb ”sein” (to be).
- So the future I of a verb is formed by
werden + infinitiv of the verb itself
; - future II is formed with
werden + particip perfect of the verb + haben
or withwerden + particip perfect of the verb + sein.
(Whether you need to use "haben" or "sein" depends on which auxiliary verb is used to form the perfect.)
Example with to laugh (lachen):[edit | edit source]
- Present tense: Ich lache, du lachst, er/sie/es lacht, wir lachen, ihr lacht, sie lachen.
- Future I: Ich werde lachen, du wirst lachen, er wird lachen, wir werden lachen, ihr werdet lachen, sie werden lachen.
- Future II: Ich werde gelacht haben, du wirst gelacht haben, er wird gelacht haben, wir werden gelacht haben, ihr werdet gelacht haben, sie werden gelacht haben.
Example with to go (gehen):[edit | edit source]
- Present tense: Ich gehe, du gehst, er geht, wir gehen, ihr geht, sie gehen.
- Future I: Ich werde gehen, du wirst gehen, er wird gehen, wir werden gehen, ihr werdet gehen, sie werden gehen
- Future II: Ich werde gegangen sein, du wirst gegangen sein, er wird gegangen sein, wir werden gegangen sein, ihr werdet gegangen sein, sie werden gegangen sein.
Also, the reason for these constructions is quite simple.
The Germanic language family (les langues germanophones) lacked future forms. Their need came with the translation of the bible, about the 7th century, when the translation of prophecies of the end of the world required a temporal form of expressing events in the future, the monks used the complete verb ”werden” (in german) and will/shall (in English).
Table with the finalizations in the Future tense[edit | edit source]
English | German |
---|---|
I will ... | [pronoun] + werde + [verb in the infinitive] |
You will ... | [pronoun] + wirst + [verb in the infinitive] |
He/she/it will ... | [pronoun] + wird + [verb in the infinitive] |
We will ... | [pronoun] + werden + [verb in the infinitive] |
You will ... | [pronoun] + werdet + [verb in the infinitive] |
They will ... | [pronoun] + werden + [verb in the infinitive] |
Examples[edit | edit source]
Verb : to work: arbeiten[edit | edit source]
English Pronouns | English Verbs | German Pronouns | German Verbs |
---|---|---|---|
I | will work | Ich | werde arbeiten |
You | will work | Du | wirst arbeiten |
He/she/it | will work | Er/sie/es | wird arbeiten |
We | will work | Wir | werden arbeiten |
You (plur) | will work | Ihr | werdet arbeiten |
They | will work | Sie | werden arbeiten |
Verb : to buy: kaufen[edit | edit source]
English Pronouns | English Verbs | German Pronouns | German Verbs |
---|---|---|---|
I | will buy | Ich | werde kaufen |
You | will buy | Du | wirst kaufen |
He/she/it | will buy | Er/sie/es | wird kaufen |
We | will buy | Wir | werden kaufen |
You (plur) | will buy | Ihr | werdet kaufen |
They | will buy | Sie | werden kaufen |
Verb : to come: ankommen[edit | edit source]
English Pronouns | English Verbs | German Pronouns | German Verbs |
---|---|---|---|
I | will come | Ich | werde ankomen |
You | will come | Du | wirst ankomen |
He/she/it | will come | Er/sie/es | wird ankomen |
We | will come | Wir | werden ankomen |
You (plur) | will come | Ihr | werdet ankomen |
They | will come | Sie | werden ankomen |
Verb : to help: helfen[edit | edit source]
English Pronouns | English Verbs | German Pronouns | German Verbs |
---|---|---|---|
I | will help | Ich | werde helfen |
You | will help | Du | wirst helfen |
He/she/it | will help | Er/sie/es | wird helfen |
We | will help | Wir | werden helfen |
You (plur) | will help | Ihr | werdet helfen |
They | will help | Sie | werden helfen |
Verb : to let: lassen[edit | edit source]
English Pronouns | English Verbs | German Pronouns | German Verbs |
---|---|---|---|
I | will let | Ich | werde lassen |
You | will let | Du | wirst lassen |
He/she/it | will let | Er/sie/es | wird lassen |
We | will let | Wir | werden lassen |
You (plur) | will let | Ihr | werdet lassen |
They | will let | Sie | werden lassen |
Videos[edit | edit source]
The Future Tense in German[edit | edit source]
German Future Tense Tutorial[edit | edit source]
Sources[edit | edit source]
- https://polyglotclub.com/language.php?question_id=38126
- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AfuPxqM1jHU
- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=01Pl9YCU9_0
Other Lessons[edit | edit source]
- Past Participle in German
- Objects
- Imperative Tense
- Definite Articles in German
- Past Tense
- Common Mistakes
- Cases
- Simple negative sentences
- How to Use Be