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Revision as of 18:27, 29 March 2023
| ◀️ Adjectives and Adverbs — Previous Lesson | Next Lesson — Questions and Interrogatives ▶️ |
Prepositions and conjunctions are essential elements of a sentence. In Malay grammar, they serve to connect words and phrases, and indicate their relationship to each other. In this lesson, you will learn about the different types of Malay prepositions and conjunctions and how to use them correctly in a sentence structure.
Once you've mastered this lesson, take a look at these related pages: Conditional Sentences & Negation.
Prepositions
A preposition is a word that shows the relationship between a noun or pronoun and other words in a sentence. Malay prepositions are usually placed before a noun or pronoun to describe its position or direction. Here are some common Malay prepositions:
| Malay (individual language) | Pronunciation | English |
|---|---|---|
| di | dee | at, in, on |
| ke | keh | to, towards |
| dari | dah-ree | from, since |
| daripada | dah-ree-pah-dah | from, than |
| dalam | dah-lahm | inside, within |
| luar | loo-ahr | outside, beyond |
| atas | ah-tahs | on, above |
| bawah | bah-wah | under, below |
Example 1:
- Saya di rumah. (I am at home.)
- Dia ke sekolah. (He/She goes towards the school.)
- Kita belajar dari pengalaman kita. (We learn from our own experiences.)
- Dia lebih cerdas daripada saya. (He/She is smarter than me.)
Example 2:
- Hiasan bunga dalam vas. (Flower decor inside a vase.)
- Patung itu di luar taman. (The statue is outside the park.)
- Buku-buku di atas rak. (Books on the shelves.)
- Kami berjalan di bawah jembatan. (We walk under the bridge.)
Conjunctions
A conjunction is a word used to connect clauses or sentences. Malay conjunctions are used to join words, phrases, and sentences. Conjunctions can signal the relationship between the connected ideas or express similarity, contrast, or cause and effect. Here are some common Malay conjunctions:
- dan (and)
- atau (or)
- tapi (but)
- kerana (because)
- jadi (so)
- sambil (while)
- kalau (if)
- walaupun (although)
Example 1:
- Saya suka makan roti dan minum kopi. (I like to eat bread and drink coffee.)
- Satu lagi, kita boleh pergi ke pantai atau ke gunung. (One more thing, we can go to the beach or the mountain.)
- Dia belajar sungguh keras tapi dia gagal dalam peperiksaan. (He/She studied really hard but failed the exam.)
- Saya berasa lapar kerana saya tidak makan sejak pagi tadi. (I feel hungry because I haven't eaten since this morning.)
Example 2:
- Saya suka makan nasi goreng, jadi saya akan pergi ke kedai mamak. (I like to eat fried rice, so I will go to the mamak stall.)
- Sambil dia membaca buku, dia minum kopi. (While he/she was reading a book, he/she drank coffee.)
- Kalau awak berminat, awak boleh ikut kami ke zoo. (If you are interested, you can join us to the zoo.)
- Walaupun hujan lebat, kami tetap pergi ke pasar malam. (Although it was pouring rain, we still went to the night market.)
Learning Malay prepositions and conjunctions is fundamental to understanding and constructing sentences in Malay. With practice, you can master their usage and express yourself more accurately and effectively in Malay.
Other Lessons
- Exam Strategies
- Relative Clauses
- Adjectives
- Conditional Sentences
- Passive Voice
- 0 to A1 Course
- Practice Exams
- Verbs and Tenses
- How to Use Be
- Adjectives and Adverbs
| ◀️ Adjectives and Adverbs — Previous Lesson | Next Lesson — Questions and Interrogatives ▶️ |