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<div class="pg_page_title">Dari Grammar - How to Use "Be"</div>
<div class="pg_page_title">Dari Grammar - How to Use "Be"</div>
Hi [https://polyglotclub.com/language/dari Dari] learners! 😊<br>In this lesson, we will learn how to use the verb "be" in Dari. We will look at the different forms of the verb and how to use them in sentences. We will also look at some examples of how to use the verb in context. __TOC__


The verb "be" is used to describe a state or condition. In Dari, it is conjugated differently depending on the subject of the sentence. The verb "be" is conjugated as follows:  
Hi [https://polyglotclub.com/language/dari Dari] learners! 😊<br>
In this lesson, we will learn how to use the verb "be" in Dari grammar. We will start by understanding the concept of the verb "be" and its different forms. We will then move on to use the verb in simple sentences and ask questions using the verb. By the end of the lesson, you will be able to use the verb "be" in Dari grammar. So let's get started!
 
__TOC__
 
 
<span link>Consider exploring these related pages after completing this lesson: [[Language/Dari/Grammar/Nouns|Nouns]] & [[Language/Dari/Grammar/Personal-Pronouns|Personal Pronouns]].</span>
== What is the Verb "Be"? ==
 
"Be" is an English copular verb that indicates the state of being. It is used to connect the subject of the sentence to its complement or predicate. The verb "be" has different forms and is used in different tenses in English. In Dari, the verb "be" is translated as "هست" (hast).
 
== The Different Forms of "Be" ==
 
In Dari, the verb "be" has three different forms:


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
!Form !! Dari !! English Translation
|-
|-
! Subject !! Pronunciation !! English Translation
|Present Simple || هست (hast) || am, is, are
|-
| انا (ana) || ɑnɑ || I
|-
| تو (to) || to || You (singular)
|-
|-
| او (u) || u || He/She/It
|Present Continuous || دارد (daarad) || am, is, are + verb + ing
|-
|-
| ما (ma) || mɑ || We
|Present Perfect || بوده‌ام (budaham), بوده‌ای (buday), بوده‌است (budast) || have/has been
|-
| توان (toan) || toɑn || You (plural)
|-
| اوان (uan) || uɑn || They
|}
|}


The verb "be" is conjugated as follows:  
== Using "Be" in Simple Sentences ==
 
To use the verb "be" in simple sentences, we need to follow this pattern: Subject + Verb "be" + Complement. Here are some examples:


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Dari !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
! Present Tense !! Pronunciation !! English Translation
| من هستم. || man hastam. || I am.
|-
| ام (am) || ɑm || I am
|-
|-
| یی (yi) || ji || You are (singular)
| تو هستی. || to hasti. || You are.
|-
|-
| است (ast) || ɑst || He/She/It is
| او هست. || u hast. || He/she/it is.
|-
|-
| ییم (yim) || jim || We are
| ما هستیم. || maa hastim. || We are.
|-
|-
| یید (yid) || jid || You are (plural)
| شما هستید. || shomaa hastid. || You are.
|-
|-
| اند (and) || ɑnd || They are
| آن‌ها هستند. || aanhaa hastand. || They are.
|}
|}


Here are some examples of how to use the verb "be" in context:
== Using "Be" in Questions ==
 
* Person 1: انا کجا هستم؟ (Ana kojā hastam?) (Where am I?)
* Person 2: تو در کلاس هستی. (To dar klās hasti.) (You are in the classroom.)
* Person 1: ما چه زمانی هستیم؟ (Ma che zamāni hastim?) (What time is it?)
* Person 2: اواست ساعت نه عصر. (Uast sā'at nah ʿaṣr.) (It is 5 o'clock in the afternoon.)


In addition to the present tense, the verb "be" can also be used in the past and future tenses. The past tense is conjugated as follows:  
To use the verb "be" in questions, we need to invert the subject and the verb "be". Here are some examples:


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Dari !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
! Past Tense !! Pronunciation !! English Translation
| آیا من هستم؟ || aayaa man hastam? || Am I?
|-
| بودم (budam) || budɑm || I was
|-
|-
| بودی (budi) || budi || You were (singular)
| آیا تو هستی؟ || aayaa to hasti? || Are you?
|-
|-
| بود (bud) || bud || He/She/It was
| آیا او هست؟ || aayaa u hast? || Is he/she/it?
|-
|-
| بودیم (budim) || budim || We were
| آیا ما هستیم؟ || aayaa maa hastim? || Are we?
|-
|-
| بودید (budid) || budid || You were (plural)
| آیا شما هستید؟ || aayaa shomaa hastid? || Are you?
|-
|-
| بودند (budand) || budɑnd || They were
| آیا آن‌ها هستند؟ || aayaa aanhaa hastand? || Are they?
|}
|}


And the future tense is conjugated as follows:  
== Using "Be" in Present Continuous ==
 
To use the present continuous tense in Dari, we need to use the verb "دارد" (daarad) followed by the present participle (verb + ing). Here are some examples:


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Dari !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
! Future Tense !! Pronunciation !! English Translation
| من می‌خواهم برای کار درس بخوانم. || man mikhaaham baaraaye kaar dars bekhaanam. || I am studying for work.
|-
| خواهم بود (khāham bud) || xɑhɑm bud || I will be
|-
|-
| خواهی بود (khāhi bud) || xɑhi bud || You will be (singular)
| تو در حال خوردن شام هستی. || to dar haal-e khor-dan-e shaam hasti. || You are eating dinner.
|-
| خواهد بود (khāhad bud) || xɑhɑd bud || He/She/It will be
|-
| خواهیم بود (khāhim bud) || xɑhim bud || We will be
|-
| خواهید بود (khāhid bud) || xɑhid bud || You will be (plural)
|-
| خواهند بود (khāhand bud) || xɑhɑnd bud || They will be
|}
|}


Here are some examples of how to use the verb "be" in the past and future tenses:  
== Cultural Information ==
 
In Dari language and Afghan culture, it is common to use the verb "be" to express nationality, occupation, or faith. For example:
 
* او مسلمان است. (u musliman ast.) (He/she is a Muslim.)
* او آمریکایی است. (u Amerikaa'ii ast.) (He/she is American.)
* او پزشک است. (u pezeshk ast.) (He/she is a doctor.)
 
By learning how to use the verb "be," you will be able to express your nationality, occupation, or faith in Dari language and Afghan culture.
 
== Dialogue ==
 
To give you an idea of how to use the verb "be" in context, here's a dialogue between two people:
 
* Person 1: تو کجایی؟ (to kojaa'ii?) (Where are you?)
* Person 2: من در خانه هستم. (man dar khaaneh hastam.) (I am at home.)
* Person 1: آیا تو دانشجوی دانشگاه هستی؟ (aayaa to daaneshju-ye daaneshgaah hasti?) (Are you a university student?)
* Person 2: بله، من دانشجوی دانشگاه هستم. (baleh, man daaneshju-ye daaneshgaah hastam.) (Yes, I am a university student.)
 
== Practice Exercise ==
 
Now, let's practice using the verb "be" in Dari language. Here are some sentences for you to translate into Dari:
 
* I am a teacher.
* You are a student.
* He is happy.
* She is not hungry.
* We are busy.
* They are tired.
 
== Conclusion ==


* Person 1: او کجا بود؟ (U kojā bud?) (Where was he?)
Congratulations! You have learned how to use the verb "be" in Dari language. Remember to practice and use the verb in different contexts. To improve your [[Language/Dari|Dari]] [[Language/Dari/Grammar|Grammar]], you can also use the [https://polyglotclub.com Polyglot Club] website. [https://polyglotclub.com/find-friends.php?search=send&d=0&f=36&offre1=1616 Find native speakers] and ask them any [https://polyglotclub.com/language/dari/question questions]!
* Person 2: او در خانه بود. (U dar khāne bud.) (He was at home.)
* Person 1: ما کجا خواهیم بود؟ (Ma kojā khāhim bud?) (Where will we be?)
* Person 2: ما در کنفرانس خواهیم بود. (Ma dar konferens khāhim bud.) (We will be at the conference.)


As you can see, the verb "be" is an important verb in Dari and is used to describe a state or condition. It is conjugated differently depending on the subject of the sentence and can be used in the present, past, and future tenses.  
<hr>➡ If you have any questions, please ask them in the comments section below.<br>➡ Feel free to edit this wiki page if you think it can be improved. 😎


To improve your [[Language/Dari|Dari]] [[Language/Dari/Grammar|Grammar]], you can also use the [https://polyglotclub.com Polyglot Club] website. [https://polyglotclub.com/find-friends.php?search=send&d=0&f=36&offre1=1616 Find native speakers] and ask them any [https://polyglotclub.com/language/dari/question questions]!


<span link>Great work on completing this lesson! Take a moment to investigate these connected pages: [[Language/Dari/Grammar/Adverbs|Adverbs]] & [[Language/Dari/Grammar/Basic-Prepositions|Basic Prepositions]].</span>
{{#seo:
{{#seo:
|title=Dari Grammar - How to Use "Be"
|title=Dari Grammar - How to Use "Be"
|keywords=Dari, grammar, be, present, past, future, conjugation, sentence, example
|keywords=Dari, Grammar, be, present simple, present continuous, present perfect, cultural information, dialogue, practice exercise
|description=In this lesson, we will learn how to use the verb "be" in Dari. We will look at the different forms of the verb and how to use them in sentences. We will also look at some examples of how to use the verb in context.
|description=Learn how to use the verb "be" in Dari grammar with cultural information, dialogue, and a practice exercise.
}}
}}


<hr>➡ If you have any questions, please ask them in the comments section below.<br>➡ Feel free to edit this wiki page if you think it can be improved. 😎
==Other Lessons==
* [[Language/Dari/Grammar/How-to-Use-Have|How to Use Have]]
* [[Language/Dari/Grammar/Negation|Negation]]
* [[Language/Dari/Grammar/Gender|Gender]]
* [[Language/Dari/Grammar/Plurals|Plurals]]
* [[Language/Dari/Grammar/Conditional-Mood|Conditional Mood]]
* [[Language/Dari/Grammar/Questions|Questions]]
* [[Language/Dari/Grammar/Nouns|Nouns]]
* [[Language/Dari/Grammar/Pronouns|Pronouns]]
* [[Language/Dari/Grammar/Adjectives|Adjectives]]
* [[Language/Dari/Grammar/Give-your-Opinion|Give your Opinion]]
 
<span class='maj'></span>
==Sources==
* [https://www.iam-afghanistan.org/lcp/downloads/dari-grammar.pdf A Learner's Grammar of Dari]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dari Dari - Wikipedia]
* [https://theswissbay.ch/pdf/Books/Linguistics/Mega%20linguistics%20pack/Indo-European/Iranian/Dari%20Grammar%20and%20Phrase%20Book%20%28Entezar%29.pdf Dari Grammar and Phrase Book (Entezar).pdf]


{{Dari-Page-Bottom}}
{{Dari-Page-Bottom}}
<span links></span>

Latest revision as of 22:17, 27 March 2023

Dari-Language-PolyglotClub.png
Dari Grammar - How to Use "Be"

Hi Dari learners! 😊
In this lesson, we will learn how to use the verb "be" in Dari grammar. We will start by understanding the concept of the verb "be" and its different forms. We will then move on to use the verb in simple sentences and ask questions using the verb. By the end of the lesson, you will be able to use the verb "be" in Dari grammar. So let's get started!


Consider exploring these related pages after completing this lesson: Nouns & Personal Pronouns.

What is the Verb "Be"?[edit | edit source]

"Be" is an English copular verb that indicates the state of being. It is used to connect the subject of the sentence to its complement or predicate. The verb "be" has different forms and is used in different tenses in English. In Dari, the verb "be" is translated as "هست" (hast).

The Different Forms of "Be"[edit | edit source]

In Dari, the verb "be" has three different forms:

Form Dari English Translation
Present Simple هست (hast) am, is, are
Present Continuous دارد (daarad) am, is, are + verb + ing
Present Perfect بوده‌ام (budaham), بوده‌ای (buday), بوده‌است (budast) have/has been

Using "Be" in Simple Sentences[edit | edit source]

To use the verb "be" in simple sentences, we need to follow this pattern: Subject + Verb "be" + Complement. Here are some examples:

Dari Pronunciation English
من هستم. man hastam. I am.
تو هستی. to hasti. You are.
او هست. u hast. He/she/it is.
ما هستیم. maa hastim. We are.
شما هستید. shomaa hastid. You are.
آن‌ها هستند. aanhaa hastand. They are.

Using "Be" in Questions[edit | edit source]

To use the verb "be" in questions, we need to invert the subject and the verb "be". Here are some examples:

Dari Pronunciation English
آیا من هستم؟ aayaa man hastam? Am I?
آیا تو هستی؟ aayaa to hasti? Are you?
آیا او هست؟ aayaa u hast? Is he/she/it?
آیا ما هستیم؟ aayaa maa hastim? Are we?
آیا شما هستید؟ aayaa shomaa hastid? Are you?
آیا آن‌ها هستند؟ aayaa aanhaa hastand? Are they?

Using "Be" in Present Continuous[edit | edit source]

To use the present continuous tense in Dari, we need to use the verb "دارد" (daarad) followed by the present participle (verb + ing). Here are some examples:

Dari Pronunciation English
من می‌خواهم برای کار درس بخوانم. man mikhaaham baaraaye kaar dars bekhaanam. I am studying for work.
تو در حال خوردن شام هستی. to dar haal-e khor-dan-e shaam hasti. You are eating dinner.

Cultural Information[edit | edit source]

In Dari language and Afghan culture, it is common to use the verb "be" to express nationality, occupation, or faith. For example:

  • او مسلمان است. (u musliman ast.) (He/she is a Muslim.)
  • او آمریکایی است. (u Amerikaa'ii ast.) (He/she is American.)
  • او پزشک است. (u pezeshk ast.) (He/she is a doctor.)

By learning how to use the verb "be," you will be able to express your nationality, occupation, or faith in Dari language and Afghan culture.

Dialogue[edit | edit source]

To give you an idea of how to use the verb "be" in context, here's a dialogue between two people:

  • Person 1: تو کجایی؟ (to kojaa'ii?) (Where are you?)
  • Person 2: من در خانه هستم. (man dar khaaneh hastam.) (I am at home.)
  • Person 1: آیا تو دانشجوی دانشگاه هستی؟ (aayaa to daaneshju-ye daaneshgaah hasti?) (Are you a university student?)
  • Person 2: بله، من دانشجوی دانشگاه هستم. (baleh, man daaneshju-ye daaneshgaah hastam.) (Yes, I am a university student.)

Practice Exercise[edit | edit source]

Now, let's practice using the verb "be" in Dari language. Here are some sentences for you to translate into Dari:

  • I am a teacher.
  • You are a student.
  • He is happy.
  • She is not hungry.
  • We are busy.
  • They are tired.

Conclusion[edit | edit source]

Congratulations! You have learned how to use the verb "be" in Dari language. Remember to practice and use the verb in different contexts. To improve your Dari Grammar, you can also use the Polyglot Club website. Find native speakers and ask them any questions!

➡ If you have any questions, please ask them in the comments section below.
➡ Feel free to edit this wiki page if you think it can be improved. 😎


Great work on completing this lesson! Take a moment to investigate these connected pages: Adverbs & Basic Prepositions.

Other Lessons[edit | edit source]

Sources[edit | edit source]


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