Language/Halh-mongolian/Grammar/Negation

Halh Mongolian Grammar - Negation

Hi Halh Mongolian learners! 😊
In this lesson, we will learn how to negate sentences in Halh Mongolian grammar. Learning how to negate is an important step in learning any language. It allows you to express negative sentences in a clear and concise manner. Negation is simply the opposite of affirmation. If you are not sure what affirmation is, please see our previous lesson on Halh Mongolian Grammar - Affirmation. In this lesson, we'll provide you with comprehensive information on negation in Halh Mongolian. We will also give you cultural information and interesting facts along the way. As always, feel free to ask any questions or Find native speakers and ask them any questions on Polyglot Club. 😊

Negation Particles

Before we delve into the mechanics of negation, it's important to understand what negation particles are. Negation particles are small words that we can use to express negation in Halh Mongolian. Here are some negation particles that are commonly used in Halh Mongolian:

Halh Mongolian	Pronunciation	English
үгүй	ügey	not
биш	bish	not
ч	ch	not

As you can see, үгүй and биш mean "not" in English. On the other hand, ч is used to negate verbs.

Here is an example of how to use negation particles in Halh Mongolian:

• Positive sentence: Мэргэшсэн хүн хэлэх үгүй.| (Mergeshsen khun khelekh ügey.) | A learned person doesn't speak.
• Negative sentence: Мэргэшсэн хүн хэлэх.| (Mergeshsen khun khelekh.) | A learned person speaks.

Negating Nouns

To negate a noun in Halh Mongolian, we can use the negation particle 'үгүй'. Here's an example of how to negate a noun in Halh Mongolian:

• Positive sentence: Миний долоон сар баяр боллоо.| (Mini doloon sar bayar bolloo.) | My July is good.
• Negative sentence: Миний долоон сар баяр үгүй.| (Mini doloon sar bayar ügey.) | My July is not good.

Negating Verbs

To negate a verb, we can use the negation particle 'ч'. Here's an example of how to negate a verb in Halh Mongolian:

• Positive sentence: Би тэмдэглээ.| (Bi temdeglee.) | I write.
• Negative sentence: Би тэмдэглэхгүй.| (Bi temdeglekhguey.) | I don't write.

Sometimes we can use 'биш' instead of 'ч'. Here's an example:

• Positive sentence: Энэ хот дээр баярлаж байна.| (Ene kot deer bayarlaj baina.) | I'm enjoying being in the city.
• Negative sentence: Энэ хот дээр баяр биш байна.| (Ene kot deer bayar bish baina.) | I'm not enjoying being in the city.

Negating Adjectives

To negate an adjective, we can use the negation particle 'биш'. Here's an example of how to negate an adjective in Halh Mongolian:

• Positive sentence: Энэ анги нэг зөв.| (Ene angi neg zov.) | This class is good.
• Negative sentence: Энэ анги нэг зөв биш.| (Ene angi neg zov bish.) | This class is not good.

Negating Words in a Sentence

Sometimes we may want to negate just one or two words in a sentence. In this case, we can use the word 'үгүй'. It means 'not' and it can be placed after the word that we want to negate. Here's an example of how to negate a word in a sentence:

• Sentence: Анги баримт юу хийнэ?| (Angi barimt yuu kheene?) | What homework should I do?
• Negated sentence: Анги үгүй баримт юу хийнэ?| (Angi ügey barimt yuu kheene?) | What homework shouldn't I do?

Cultural Information and interesting facts

Mongolian culture places a high value on hospitality. It is customary for guests to be welcomed into the home of their host with a bowl of airag (fermented mare's milk) and a bowl of snuff.

In Mongolia, people measure wealth in terms of livestock. For example, a person who owns 100 sheep or goats is considered wealthy.

The Mongolian language uses the Cyrillic alphabet, but it has 36 letters instead of the 33 letters used in Russian.

The legend of Genghis Khan states that he had a red blood clot in his hand. This clot symbolizes the unity of the Mongol people.

The word "Mongol" means "brave" or "heroic" in the Mongolian language.

Dialogue

Here's a dialogue to give you an idea of what negation looks like in conversation.

• Person 1: Танд ямар мэргэжил хүссэн вэ?| (Tand yamar mergeshil khussen ve?) | What profession did you want?
• Person 2: Би англи хэл сурахыг хүссэн байсан.| (Bi angli khel surakhig khussen baysan.) | I wanted to learn English.
• Person 1: Үгүй мэдэхгүй гэж бодсон байна.| (Ügey medekhgüi gez bodson baina.) | I thought you didn't understand.
• Person 2: Өөрөө тухайн үгүй үг байлаа.| (Ööröö tuhain ügey ug bailaa.) | I just wasn't familiar with that word.

Sources

• Mongolian Language
• Cyrillic Script
• Genghis Khan
• Mongol Empire

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Other Lessons

• Adjectives
• Questions
• Conditional Mood
• Nouns
• Pronouns
• Future Tense
• How to Use Have
• Personal pronouns
• Give your Opinion