Difference between revisions of "Language/Abkhazian/Grammar/Plurals"

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<div class="pg_page_title">Abkhazian Grammar - Plurals</div>
<div class="pg_page_title">Abkhazian Grammar - Plurals</div>


Welcome to the Abkhazian language lesson about plurals! Plurals are an important part of any language, and Abkhazian is no exception. In this lesson, we will learn how to form plurals in Abkhazian.  
Hi [https://polyglotclub.com/language/abkhazian Abkhazian] learners! 😊<br>In this lesson, we will be focusing on plurals in Abkhazian.


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== Overview ==


In Abkhazian, plurals are formed by adding a suffix to the end of the word. The suffixes used depend on the gender of the noun. There are three genders in Abkhazian: masculine, feminine, and neuter.  
<span link>Don't miss the chance to check out these pages as you wrap up this lesson: [[Language/Abkhazian/Grammar/Questions|Questions]], [[Language/Abkhazian/Grammar/Verbs-to-Be-and-Have-in-Abkhazian|Abkhazian Grammar → Abkhazian Verbs → Verbs to Be and Have ...]], [[Language/Abkhazian/Grammar/Conditional-Mood|Conditional Mood]] & [[Language/Abkhazian/Grammar/Comparative-and-Superlative-Adverbs-in-Abkhazian|Comparative and Superlative Adverbs in Abkhazian]].</span>
== Plural Marker ==


== Masculine Plurals ==
In Abkhazian, the plural is formed by adding the suffix "-ара" ("-ara") to the singular noun. The vowel "-а" ("-a") will also be added if the last character of the noun ends with a consonant other than "-р" ("-r").


Masculine nouns in Abkhazian take the suffix -аб when forming the plural. For example, the word for "man" is адыгэ (adəgə). To make it plural, we add the suffix -аб, giving us адыгэаб (adəgəab).
For example:


=== Examples ===
{| class="wikitable"
! Abkhazian !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| аҧсуа (aṗsua) || /a.'psu.a/ || language (singular)
|-
| аҧсуара (aṗsuara) || /a.'psu.a.'ra/ || languages (plural)
|-
| ауа (awa) || /a.'wa/ || water (singular)
|-
| ауара (awara) || /a.'wa.'ra/ || waters (plural)
|}


* адыгэ (adəgə) - man → адыгэаб (adəgəab) - men
Notice the additional "-а" ("-a") in "ауара" ("awara").
* апшы (apšə) - brother → апшыаб (apšəab) - brothers
* ахэ (axə) - father → ахэаб (axəab) - fathers


== Feminine Plurals ==
== Plurals of Loan Words ==


Feminine nouns in Abkhazian take the suffix -эб when forming the plural. For example, the word for "woman" is адыгэхьэ (adəgəxə). To make it plural, we add the suffix -эб, giving us адыгэхьэб (adəgəxəeb).  
Most nouns of foreign origin take the plural marker without any changes. However, there are some exceptions.


=== Examples ===
When a loan word ends with a consonant, the plural marker can be added directly to the end of the word, but sometimes adding an extra vowel "-ы" ("-ə") is necessary to make it easier to pronounce.


* адыгэхьэ (adəgəxə) - woman → адыгэхьэб (adəgəxəeb) - women
For example:
* апшыхьэ (apšəxə) - sister → апшыхьэб (apšəxəeb) - sisters
* ахэхьэ (axəxə) - mother → ахэхьэб (axəxəeb) - mothers


== Neuter Plurals ==
{| class="wikitable"
! Abkhazian !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| футбол (futbol) || /'fut.bol/ || football (singular)
|-
| футболара (futbolarə) || /'fut.bol.'a.ra/ || footballs (plural)
|-
| кино (kino) || /'ki.no/ || movie (singular)
|-
| киноыра (kinoəra) || /'ki.no.'ə.ra/ || movies (plural)
|}


Neuter nouns in Abkhazian take the suffix -эм when forming the plural. For example, the word for "book" is ахэрэ (axərə). To make it plural, we add the suffix -эм, giving us ахэрэм (axərəm).  
Notice the additional vowel "-ы" ("-ə") in "киноыра" ("kinoəra").


=== Examples ===
== Plural of Compound Nouns ==


* ахэрэ (axərə) - book → ахэрэм (axərəm) - books
In compound nouns, only the last word takes the plural marker "-ара" ("-ara").
* ахьэрэ (axərə) - house → ахьэрэм (axərəm) - houses
* ахэрэхьэ (axərxə) - tree → ахэрэхьэм (axərxəm) - trees


== Conclusion ==
For example:


We have now learned how to form plurals in Abkhazian. Remember that the suffix used depends on the gender of the noun. Masculine nouns take the suffix -аб, feminine nouns take the suffix -эб, and neuter nouns take the suffix -эм.  
{| class="wikitable"
! Abkhazian !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| рыжьоу апста (ryžʼou apsta) || /ˈʁəʐ.ʒəu ˈap.sta/ || red apple (singular)
|-
| рыжьоу апстара (ryžʼou apstara) || /ˈʁəʐ.ʒəu ˈap.sta.ˌra/ || red apples (plural)
|}


If you want to learn more about Abkhazian, why not join the Polyglot Club community [https://PolyglotClub.com Polyglot Club]? You can find other Abkhazian learners and practice your language skills with them.
== Dialogue ==


<br><hr>If you have any questions, please ask them in the comments section below.<br>Feel free to edit this wiki page if you think it can be improved. 😎
Person 1: аҩрыс (āqrys) (cat) 
Person 2: аҩрысара (āqrysa̲ra) (cats)
 
Person 1: хьанҳы (ḥ̌anhy) (book)
Person 2: хьанҳыара (ḥ̌anhya̲ra) (books)
 
Person 1: кафе (kafe) (coffee shop)
Person 2: кафеара (kafea̲ra) (coffee shops)
 
Person 1: театр (teatr) (theater)
Person 2: театрара (teatra̲ra) (theaters)
 
== Culture and Fun Facts ==
 
- Abkhazians are proud of their language and culture, and actively promote it through festivals and cultural events.
 
- The Abkhazian language is written with the Cyrillic script. However, before the adoption of Cyrillic in the 20th century, it was written with the Georgian script.
 
- Abkhazian cuisine is known for its rich and hearty dishes, often made with locally-sourced ingredients such as lamb, beans, and potatoes. One popular dish is плов (plov), a pilaf-style dish made with rice, meat, and vegetables.
 
== Practice with Native Speakers ==
 
To improve your [[Language/Abkhazian|Abkhazian]] [[Language/Abkhazian/Grammar|Grammar]], you can also use the [https://polyglotclub.com Polyglot Club] website. [https://polyglotclub.com/find-friends.php?search=send&d=0&f=36&offre1=1 Find native speakers] and ask them any [https://polyglotclub.com/language/abkhazian/question questions]!
 
== Sources ==
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abkhaz_language Abkhaz Language]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abkhazia Abkhazia]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyrillic_script Cyrillic Script]
 
{{#seo:
|title=Abkhazian Grammar - Plurals
|keywords=Abkhazian, Plurals, Grammar, Language
|description=In this lesson, you will learn about plurals in the Abkhazian language, including plural markers and examples.
}}
 
==Other Lessons==
* [[Language/Abkhazian/Grammar/Future-Tense|Future Tense]]
* [[Language/Abkhazian/Grammar/Negation|Negation]]
* [[Language/Abkhazian/Grammar/Adjectives|Adjectives]]
* [[Language/Abkhazian/Grammar/How-to-Use-Have|How to Use Have]]
* [[Language/Abkhazian/Grammar/Nouns|Nouns]]
* [[Language/Abkhazian/Grammar/Give-your-Opinion|Give your Opinion]]
* [[Language/Abkhazian/Grammar/Questions|Questions]]
* [[Language/Abkhazian/Grammar/How-to-Use-Be|How to Use Be]]
* [[Language/Abkhazian/Grammar/Conditional-Mood|Conditional Mood]]


{{Abkhazian-Page-Bottom}}
{{Abkhazian-Page-Bottom}}
<span links></span>

Latest revision as of 21:03, 27 March 2023

9642C03D-8334-42AD-94E8-49968DA48869.png
Abkhazian Grammar - Plurals

Hi Abkhazian learners! 😊
In this lesson, we will be focusing on plurals in Abkhazian.


Don't miss the chance to check out these pages as you wrap up this lesson: Questions, Abkhazian Grammar → Abkhazian Verbs → Verbs to Be and Have ..., Conditional Mood & Comparative and Superlative Adverbs in Abkhazian.

Plural Marker[edit | edit source]

In Abkhazian, the plural is formed by adding the suffix "-ара" ("-ara") to the singular noun. The vowel "-а" ("-a") will also be added if the last character of the noun ends with a consonant other than "-р" ("-r").

For example:

Abkhazian Pronunciation English
аҧсуа (aṗsua) /a.'psu.a/ language (singular)
аҧсуара (aṗsuara) /a.'psu.a.'ra/ languages (plural)
ауа (awa) /a.'wa/ water (singular)
ауара (awara) /a.'wa.'ra/ waters (plural)

Notice the additional "-а" ("-a") in "ауара" ("awara").

Plurals of Loan Words[edit | edit source]

Most nouns of foreign origin take the plural marker without any changes. However, there are some exceptions.

When a loan word ends with a consonant, the plural marker can be added directly to the end of the word, but sometimes adding an extra vowel "-ы" ("-ə") is necessary to make it easier to pronounce.

For example:

Abkhazian Pronunciation English
футбол (futbol) /'fut.bol/ football (singular)
футболара (futbolarə) /'fut.bol.'a.ra/ footballs (plural)
кино (kino) /'ki.no/ movie (singular)
киноыра (kinoəra) /'ki.no.'ə.ra/ movies (plural)

Notice the additional vowel "-ы" ("-ə") in "киноыра" ("kinoəra").

Plural of Compound Nouns[edit | edit source]

In compound nouns, only the last word takes the plural marker "-ара" ("-ara").

For example:

Abkhazian Pronunciation English
рыжьоу апста (ryžʼou apsta) /ˈʁəʐ.ʒəu ˈap.sta/ red apple (singular)
рыжьоу апстара (ryžʼou apstara) /ˈʁəʐ.ʒəu ˈap.sta.ˌra/ red apples (plural)

Dialogue[edit | edit source]

Person 1: аҩрыс (āqrys) (cat) Person 2: аҩрысара (āqrysa̲ra) (cats)

Person 1: хьанҳы (ḥ̌anhy) (book) Person 2: хьанҳыара (ḥ̌anhya̲ra) (books)

Person 1: кафе (kafe) (coffee shop) Person 2: кафеара (kafea̲ra) (coffee shops)

Person 1: театр (teatr) (theater) Person 2: театрара (teatra̲ra) (theaters)

Culture and Fun Facts[edit | edit source]

- Abkhazians are proud of their language and culture, and actively promote it through festivals and cultural events.

- The Abkhazian language is written with the Cyrillic script. However, before the adoption of Cyrillic in the 20th century, it was written with the Georgian script.

- Abkhazian cuisine is known for its rich and hearty dishes, often made with locally-sourced ingredients such as lamb, beans, and potatoes. One popular dish is плов (plov), a pilaf-style dish made with rice, meat, and vegetables.

Practice with Native Speakers[edit | edit source]

To improve your Abkhazian Grammar, you can also use the Polyglot Club website. Find native speakers and ask them any questions!

Sources[edit | edit source]

Other Lessons[edit | edit source]

Template:Abkhazian-Page-Bottom

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