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<div class="pg_page_title">Lithuanian Grammar - Pronouns</div>
<div class="pg_page_title">Lithuanian Grammar - Pronouns</div>
Hi Lithuanian learners! 😊<br>In today's lesson, we will be discussing Lithuanian pronouns. Pronouns are words that can replace nouns in a sentence. They are used to make sentences shorter and easier to understand. In Lithuanian, there are several types of pronouns: personal, possessive, demonstrative, interrogative, and indefinite. Let's take a look at each one in more detail.<br><br>
__TOC__
== Personal Pronouns ==
Personal pronouns are used to refer to people or things. In Lithuanian, there are two sets of personal pronouns: subject pronouns and object pronouns.


=== Subject Pronouns ===
Hi [https://polyglotclub.com/language/lithuanian Lithuanian] learners! 😊<br>
Subject pronouns are used when the pronoun is the subject of the sentence. For example:
In this lesson, we will focus on the pronouns used in the Lithuanian language. Pronouns are an essential part of any language, and they make communication more efficient. They replace a noun or noun phrase, making speech and writing more concise.


* Aš (I)
__TOC__
* Tu (you)
* Jis/Ji (he/she)
* Mes (we)
* Jūs (you)
* Jie/Jos (they)


For example:


Aš einu į mokyklą. (I am going to school.)
<span link>After mastering this lesson, these related pages might interest you: [[Language/Lithuanian/Grammar/Noun-Gender-and-Declension|Noun Gender and Declension]], [[Language/Lithuanian/Grammar/Conditional-Mood|Conditional Mood]], [[Language/Lithuanian/Grammar/Past-Tense|Past Tense]] & [[Language/Lithuanian/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]].</span>
== Personal Pronouns ==


=== Object Pronouns ===
Personal pronouns refer to individuals or are used to indicate possession. They can also be used as the subject or object of a sentence. In Lithuanian, personal pronouns change based on the case and gender. Below are the Lithuanian personal pronouns:
Object pronouns are used when the pronoun is the object of the sentence. For example:  


* Man (me)  
{| class="wikitable"
* Tave (you)  
! Lithuanian !! Pronunciation !! English
* Jį/Ją (him/her)  
|-
* Mus (us)
| aš || [aʃ] || I
* Jus (you)  
|-
* Juos/Jas (them)
| tu || [tu] || you (singular, informal)
|-
| jis || [jis] || he
|-
| ji || [ji] || she
|-
| mes || [mɛs] || we
|-
| jūs || [jus] || you (plural, formal)
|-
| jie || [jɪɛ] || they (masculine or mixed gender group)
|-
| jos || [jɔs] || they (feminine group)
|}


For example:  
Here's an example dialogue using personal pronouns to help you understand how to use them:


Man reikia pagalbos. (I need help.)  
* Person 1: Aš esu Jonas. (I am Jonas)
* Person 2: Laba diena, Jonas! Kaip tu? (Good day, Jonas! How are you?)
* Person 1: Labai ačiū, gerai. O kaip jūs? (Thank you very much, I'm good. And you (formal)?)
* Person 2: Mes esame gerai, ačiū. (We are good, thank you.)


== Possessive Pronouns ==
== Demonstrative Pronouns ==
Possessive pronouns are used to show possession or ownership. In Lithuanian, there are two sets of possessive pronouns: singular and plural.


=== Singular Possessive Pronouns ===
Demonstrative pronouns are used to point to specific things or persons. In Lithuanian, there are three types of demonstrative pronouns, and they change based on gender and case:
Singular possessive pronouns are used when the pronoun is referring to one person or thing. For example:  


* Mano (my)  
{| class="wikitable"
* Tavo (your)  
! Lithuanian !! Pronunciation !! English
* Jo/Jos (his/her)  
|-
| šis || [ʃɪs] || this (masculine)
|-
| ši || [ʃi] || this (feminine)
|-
| tai || [tai] || this (neuter)
|-
| tas || [tas] || that (masculine)
|-
| ta || [ta] || that (feminine)
|-
| tą || [tɔ́ː] || that (neuter)
|-
| tie || [ti:ɛ] || those (masculine)
|-
| tos || [tɔs] || those (feminine)
|}


For example:  
Here's an example dialogue using demonstrative pronouns to help you understand how to use them:


Mano knyga yra labai gera. (My book is very good.)  
* Person 1: Ar norite šitą ar tą? (Do you want this or that?)
* Person 2: Aš noriu šitą. (I want this.)
* Person 1: Gerai, aš duosiu jums šitą. (Okay, I will give you this.)
* Person 2: Dėkoju, tai labai malonu. (Thank you, that's very kind.)


=== Plural Possessive Pronouns ===
== Interrogative Pronouns ==
Plural possessive pronouns are used when the pronoun is referring to more than one person or thing. For example:


* Mūsų (our)
Interrogative pronouns are used to ask questions. In Lithuanian, the interrogative pronouns change based on case and gender. Here are the Lithuanian interrogative pronouns:
* Jūsų (your)
* Jų (their)


For example:
{| class="wikitable"
! Lithuanian !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| kas || [kas] || who (nominative)
|-
| ko || [kɔ] || whom (genitive)
|-
| kam || [kam] || whom (dative)
|-
| ką || [kaːm] || what (accusative)
|-
| kur || [kur] || where
|-
| kada || [ˈkaːda] || when
|}


Mūsų namai yra dideli. (Our house is big.)
Here's an example dialogue using interrogative pronouns to help you understand how to use them:


== Demonstrative Pronouns ==
* Person 1: Kas tai yra? (What is this?)
Demonstrative pronouns are used to point out people or things. In Lithuanian, there are two sets of demonstrative pronouns: singular and plural.  
* Person 2: Tai kavos puodelis. (It's a cup of coffee.)
* Person 1: O kam jis priklauso? (And whom does it belong to?)
* Person 2: Man. (It belongs to me.)


=== Singular Demonstrative Pronouns ===
== Reflexive Pronouns ==
Singular demonstrative pronouns are used when the pronoun is referring to one person or thing. For example:


* Šitas (this)
Reflexive pronouns are used when the object of the verb is the same as the subject. In Lithuanian, the reflexive pronoun is "save." Here's how you use it:
* Tas (that)


For example:
{| class="wikitable"
! Lithuanian !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| aš || [aʃ] || myself
|-
| tu || [tu] || yourself (singular, informal)
|-
| jis || [jis] || himself
|-
| ji || [ji] || herself
|-
| mes || [mɛs] || ourselves
|-
| jūs || [jus] || yourself (plural, formal)
|-
| jie || [jɪɛ] || themselves (masculine or mixed gender group)
|-
| jos || [jɔs] || themselves (feminine group)
|}


Šitas automobilis yra brangus. (This car is expensive.)
Here's an example dialogue using reflexive pronouns to help you understand how to use them:


=== Plural Demonstrative Pronouns ===
* Person 1: Aš vairuoju save. (I'm driving myself.)
Plural demonstrative pronouns are used when the pronoun is referring to more than one person or thing. For example:
* Person 2: Puiku! Aš taip pat moku vairuoti save. (Great! I also know how to drive myself.)


* Šitie (these)
== Possessive Pronouns ==
* Tie (those)
 
For example:
 
Šitie žmonės yra laimingi. (These people are happy.)
 
== Interrogative Pronouns ==
Interrogative pronouns are used to ask questions. In Lithuanian, there are two sets of interrogative pronouns: singular and plural.
 
=== Singular Interrogative Pronouns ===
Singular interrogative pronouns are used when the pronoun is referring to one person or thing. For example:
 
* Kas (who)
* Ką (what)


For example:  
Possessive pronouns show possession or ownership. In Lithuanian, possessive pronouns change based on gender and case. Below are the possessive pronouns:


Kas tu esi? (Who are you?)  
{| class="wikitable"
! Lithuanian !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| mano || [mɐnɒ] || my
|-
| tavo || [tɑvɒ] || your (singular, informal)
|-
| jo || [jɔ] || his
|-
| jos || [jɔs] || her
|-
| mūsų || [mu:sʉ:] || our
|-
| jūsų || [ju:sʉ:] || your (plural, formal)
|-
| jų || [jʊ] || their
|}


=== Plural Interrogative Pronouns ===
Here's an example dialogue using possessive pronouns to help you understand how to use them:
Plural interrogative pronouns are used when the pronoun is referring to more than one person or thing. For example:  


* Ką (what)  
* Person 1: Tai yra mano automobilis. (This is my car.)
* Kuriuos (which)  
* Person 2: Jūsų? (Yours?)
 
* Person 1: Ne, mano. (No, mine.)
For example:  
* Person 2: Ačiū. (Thank you.)
 
Kuriuos žmones tu matė? (Which people did you see?)  


== Indefinite Pronouns ==
== Indefinite Pronouns ==
Indefinite pronouns are used to refer to people or things in a general way. In Lithuanian, there are two sets of indefinite pronouns: singular and plural.


=== Singular Indefinite Pronouns ===
Indefinite pronouns refer to people, places, or things in a general or indefinite way. In Lithuanian, indefinite pronouns change based on the case and gender. Here are some Lithuanian indefinite pronouns:
Singular indefinite pronouns are used when the pronoun is referring to one person or thing. For example:  


* Kažkas (someone)
{| class="wikitable"
* Ką nors (something)
! Lithuanian !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| kas nors || [kɐs nɔrs] || somebody, anybody
|-
| kažkas || [kɑʒ kɑs] || something
|-
| niekas || [nʲɛ̂kɐs] || nobody, no one
|-
| nieko || [nʲɛ̂kɔ] || nothing
|}


For example:  
Here's an example dialogue using indefinite pronouns to help you understand how to use them:


Kažkas mane pamilo. (Someone loves me.)  
* Person 1: Ar kas nors nori kavos? (Does somebody want coffee?)
* Person 2: Aš noriu kažko karšto. (I want something hot.)
* Person 1: Gerai, aš duosiu jums kavos arbatinį. (Okay, I will give you coffee or tea.)
* Person 2: Dėkoju, nieko daugiau man nereikia. (Thank you, I don't need anything else.)


=== Plural Indefinite Pronouns ===
I hope this lesson was helpful in understanding Lithuanian pronouns. To improve your [[Language/Lithuanian|Lithuanian]] [[Language/Lithuanian/Grammar|Grammar]], you can also use the [https://polyglotclub.com Polyglot Club] website. [https://polyglotclub.com/find-friends.php?search=send&d=0&f=36&offre1=76 Find native speakers] and ask them any [https://polyglotclub.com/language/lithuanian/question questions]!
Plural indefinite pronouns are used when the pronoun is referring to more than one person or thing. For example:
 
* Kažkas (someone)
* Ką nors (something)
 
For example:  
 
Kažkas mus myli. (Someone loves us.)
 
<br><hr>If you have any questions, please ask them in the comments section below.<br>Feel free to edit this wiki page if you think it can be improved. 😎


<hr>➡ If you have any questions, please ask them in the comments section below.<br>➡ Feel free to edit this wiki page if you think it can be improved. 😎


<span class='maj'></span>
==Sources==
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithuanian_grammar Lithuanian grammar - Wikipedia]
* [https://babaev.tripod.com/archive/grammar12.html The Historical grammar of Lithuanian language]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithuanian_declension Lithuanian declension - Wikipedia]


==Videos==
==Videos==
Line 147: Line 204:
===LITHUANIAN LESSON 78 - PERSONAL PRONOUNS FOR ALL ...===
===LITHUANIAN LESSON 78 - PERSONAL PRONOUNS FOR ALL ...===
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MaJGeYn5dvo</youtube>
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MaJGeYn5dvo</youtube>
==Other Lessons==
* [[Language/Lithuanian/Grammar/Plurals|Plurals]]
* [[Language/Lithuanian/Grammar/Give-your-Opinion|Give your Opinion]]
* [[Language/Lithuanian/Grammar/Conjugation|Conjugation]]
* [[Language/Lithuanian/Grammar/Adjectives|Adjectives]]
* [[Language/Lithuanian/Grammar/How-to-Use-Have|How to Use Have]]
* [[Language/Lithuanian/Grammar/Conditional-Mood|Conditional Mood]]
* [[Language/Lithuanian/Grammar/How-to-Use-Be|How to Use Be]]
* [[Language/Lithuanian/Grammar/Questions|Questions]]
* [[Language/Lithuanian/Grammar/Future-Tense|Future Tense]]


{{Lithuanian-Page-Bottom}}
{{Lithuanian-Page-Bottom}}
<span links></span>

Latest revision as of 20:55, 27 March 2023

30EE5B94-4D56-4C8B-9796-38B1CFE1679F.png
Lithuanian Grammar - Pronouns

Hi Lithuanian learners! 😊
In this lesson, we will focus on the pronouns used in the Lithuanian language. Pronouns are an essential part of any language, and they make communication more efficient. They replace a noun or noun phrase, making speech and writing more concise.


After mastering this lesson, these related pages might interest you: Noun Gender and Declension, Conditional Mood, Past Tense & 0 to A1 Course.

Personal Pronouns[edit | edit source]

Personal pronouns refer to individuals or are used to indicate possession. They can also be used as the subject or object of a sentence. In Lithuanian, personal pronouns change based on the case and gender. Below are the Lithuanian personal pronouns:

Lithuanian Pronunciation English
aš [aʃ] I
tu [tu] you (singular, informal)
jis [jis] he
ji [ji] she
mes [mɛs] we
jūs [jus] you (plural, formal)
jie [jɪɛ] they (masculine or mixed gender group)
jos [jɔs] they (feminine group)

Here's an example dialogue using personal pronouns to help you understand how to use them:

  • Person 1: Aš esu Jonas. (I am Jonas)
  • Person 2: Laba diena, Jonas! Kaip tu? (Good day, Jonas! How are you?)
  • Person 1: Labai ačiū, gerai. O kaip jūs? (Thank you very much, I'm good. And you (formal)?)
  • Person 2: Mes esame gerai, ačiū. (We are good, thank you.)

Demonstrative Pronouns[edit | edit source]

Demonstrative pronouns are used to point to specific things or persons. In Lithuanian, there are three types of demonstrative pronouns, and they change based on gender and case:

Lithuanian Pronunciation English
šis [ʃɪs] this (masculine)
ši [ʃi] this (feminine)
tai [tai] this (neuter)
tas [tas] that (masculine)
ta [ta] that (feminine)
tą [tɔ́ː] that (neuter)
tie [ti:ɛ] those (masculine)
tos [tɔs] those (feminine)

Here's an example dialogue using demonstrative pronouns to help you understand how to use them:

  • Person 1: Ar norite šitą ar tą? (Do you want this or that?)
  • Person 2: Aš noriu šitą. (I want this.)
  • Person 1: Gerai, aš duosiu jums šitą. (Okay, I will give you this.)
  • Person 2: Dėkoju, tai labai malonu. (Thank you, that's very kind.)

Interrogative Pronouns[edit | edit source]

Interrogative pronouns are used to ask questions. In Lithuanian, the interrogative pronouns change based on case and gender. Here are the Lithuanian interrogative pronouns:

Lithuanian Pronunciation English
kas [kas] who (nominative)
ko [kɔ] whom (genitive)
kam [kam] whom (dative)
ką [kaːm] what (accusative)
kur [kur] where
kada [ˈkaːda] when

Here's an example dialogue using interrogative pronouns to help you understand how to use them:

  • Person 1: Kas tai yra? (What is this?)
  • Person 2: Tai kavos puodelis. (It's a cup of coffee.)
  • Person 1: O kam jis priklauso? (And whom does it belong to?)
  • Person 2: Man. (It belongs to me.)

Reflexive Pronouns[edit | edit source]

Reflexive pronouns are used when the object of the verb is the same as the subject. In Lithuanian, the reflexive pronoun is "save." Here's how you use it:

Lithuanian Pronunciation English
aš [aʃ] myself
tu [tu] yourself (singular, informal)
jis [jis] himself
ji [ji] herself
mes [mɛs] ourselves
jūs [jus] yourself (plural, formal)
jie [jɪɛ] themselves (masculine or mixed gender group)
jos [jɔs] themselves (feminine group)

Here's an example dialogue using reflexive pronouns to help you understand how to use them:

  • Person 1: Aš vairuoju save. (I'm driving myself.)
  • Person 2: Puiku! Aš taip pat moku vairuoti save. (Great! I also know how to drive myself.)

Possessive Pronouns[edit | edit source]

Possessive pronouns show possession or ownership. In Lithuanian, possessive pronouns change based on gender and case. Below are the possessive pronouns:

Lithuanian Pronunciation English
mano [mɐnɒ] my
tavo [tɑvɒ] your (singular, informal)
jo [jɔ] his
jos [jɔs] her
mūsų [mu:sʉ:] our
jūsų [ju:sʉ:] your (plural, formal)
jų [jʊ] their

Here's an example dialogue using possessive pronouns to help you understand how to use them:

  • Person 1: Tai yra mano automobilis. (This is my car.)
  • Person 2: Jūsų? (Yours?)
  • Person 1: Ne, mano. (No, mine.)
  • Person 2: Ačiū. (Thank you.)

Indefinite Pronouns[edit | edit source]

Indefinite pronouns refer to people, places, or things in a general or indefinite way. In Lithuanian, indefinite pronouns change based on the case and gender. Here are some Lithuanian indefinite pronouns:

Lithuanian Pronunciation English
kas nors [kɐs nɔrs] somebody, anybody
kažkas [kɑʒ kɑs] something
niekas [nʲɛ̂kɐs] nobody, no one
nieko [nʲɛ̂kɔ] nothing

Here's an example dialogue using indefinite pronouns to help you understand how to use them:

  • Person 1: Ar kas nors nori kavos? (Does somebody want coffee?)
  • Person 2: Aš noriu kažko karšto. (I want something hot.)
  • Person 1: Gerai, aš duosiu jums kavos arbatinį. (Okay, I will give you coffee or tea.)
  • Person 2: Dėkoju, nieko daugiau man nereikia. (Thank you, I don't need anything else.)

I hope this lesson was helpful in understanding Lithuanian pronouns. To improve your Lithuanian Grammar, you can also use the Polyglot Club website. Find native speakers and ask them any questions!

➡ If you have any questions, please ask them in the comments section below.
➡ Feel free to edit this wiki page if you think it can be improved. 😎

Sources[edit | edit source]

Videos[edit | edit source]

Lithuanian Lesson 3 - Personal Pronouns - YouTube[edit | edit source]

Lithuanian grammar (3) - Personal and possessive pronouns ...[edit | edit source]

Lesson Six: Lithuanian pronouns and how to say "I am", "You are" or ...[edit | edit source]

LITHUANIAN LESSON 78 - PERSONAL PRONOUNS FOR ALL ...[edit | edit source]

Other Lessons[edit | edit source]

Template:Lithuanian-Page-Bottom

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