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<div class="pg_page_title">Turkmen Grammar - Adjectives</div>
<div class="pg_page_title">Turkmen Grammar - Adjectives</div>
Hi Turkmen learners! 😊<br>In today's lesson, we will be discussing adjectives in the Turkmen language. Adjectives are words that describe or modify nouns and pronouns. They can be used to give more information about a person, place, thing, or idea. In this lesson, we will look at how to form adjectives in Turkmen, as well as how to use them in sentences.
 
Hi [https://polyglotclub.com/language/turkmen Turkmen] learners! 😊<br>In this lesson, we will focus on Turkmen adjectives. Adjectives are an essential part of speech as they add detail and description to a sentence. In Turkmen, adjectives are used to modify or describe nouns, pronouns, or other adjectives. They also agree in gender, number, and case with the nouns they are modifying. We will cover all of these concepts and more, so let's get started!
 
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== Formation of Adjectives ==


Adjectives in Turkmen are formed by adding suffixes to nouns. The suffixes depend on the gender and number of the noun they are modifying. For example, the suffix "-li" is added to masculine singular nouns, while the suffix "-ly" is added to feminine singular nouns. Here are some examples:
<span link>Don't hesitate to look into these other pages after completing this lesson: [[Language/Turkmen/Grammar/The-Case-system|The Case system]], [[Language/Turkmen/Grammar/Future-Tense|Future Tense]], [[Language/Turkmen/Grammar/Conditional-Mood|Conditional Mood]] & [[Language/Turkmen/Grammar/Question-particle–my-mi|Question particle–my mi]].</span>
== Forming Adjectives ==
In Turkmen, adjectives are generally formed by adding the suffix "-ly" to a noun. For example:
 
{| class="wikitable"
! Turkmen !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| kitap || [kitaːp] || book
|-
| kitaply || [kitaːplɯ] || bookish/book-like
|-
| ýigit || [jiːɡit] || boy
|-
| ýigitli || [jiːɡitli] || boyish
|}
 
As you can see in the examples above, the suffix "-ly" is added to the end of the noun to form the adjective. It's important to note that sometimes additional letters might be added to the suffix "-ly," such as "s" or "t," depending on the ending of the original noun.
 
== Agreement of Adjectives ==
Turkmen adjectives agree in gender, number, and case with the nouns they modify. This means that the ending of the adjective changes to match the ending of the noun.
 
=== Gender Agreement ===
In Turkmen, nouns are either masculine or feminine. Adjectives will have an -a ending if they are modifying a feminine noun and an -y ending if they are modifying a masculine noun. For example:
 
{| class="wikitable"
! Turkmen !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| göz || [ɡœz] || eye
|-
| gözüň || [ɡœzyŋ] || his/her eye
|-
| gözeli || [ɡœzeli] || pretty (feminine)
|-
| köpek || [køpɛk] || dog
|-
| köpüň || [køpyŋ] || his/her dog
|-
| köpüni || [køpyni] || dog (accusative)
|-
| köpüňli || [køpyŋli] || dog-like (masculine)
|}
 
As shown in the examples above, the adjective "gözeli" has an -a ending because it's modifying the feminine noun "göz" (eye), while the adjective "köpüňli" has a -y ending because it's modifying the masculine noun "köpek" (dog).
 
=== Number Agreement ===
Adjectives in Turkmen also agree in number with the nouns they modify. If the noun is singular, the adjective also needs to be in the singular form, and if the noun is plural, the adjective needs to be in the plural form. For example:
 
{| class="wikitable"
! Turkmen !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| gül || [ɡyl] || flower
|-
| gülüň || [ɡylʊŋ] || his/her flower
|-
| gülüňli || [ɡylʊŋli] || flowery
|-
| güller || [ɡyllɛr] || flowers
|-
| gülleriň || [ɡyllɛriŋ] || his/her flowers
|-
| gülleriňli || [ɡyllɛriŋli] || flowery (plural)
|}
 
In the examples above, you can see that the adjective "gülüňli" means "flowery," but when modifying the plural noun "güller" (flowers), it becomes "gülleriňli."


* Masculine Singular: adam (man) + li = adamli (manly)
=== Case Agreement ===
* Feminine Singular: gyz (girl) + ly = gyzly (girlish)
Finally, adjectives also agree in case with the nouns they modify. This means that the ending of the adjective changes to match the case of the noun. For example:


The suffixes also change depending on the number of the noun. For example, the suffix "-ly" is added to plural nouns, regardless of gender. Here are some examples:
{| class="wikitable"
! Turkmen !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| ýol || [jol] || road
|-
| ýolyň || [jolʊŋ] || of the road
|-
| ýolaky || [jolɑkɯ] || road-like (nominative)
|-
| ýolakyň || [jolɑkɯŋ] || of road-like (genitive)
|}


* Plural: adamlar (men) + ly = adamlary (manly)
In the example above, "ýolaky" is the nominative form of the adjective (meaning it's the subject of the sentence), while "ýolakyň" is the genitive form (meaning it's showing possession or relation).
* Plural: gyzlar (girls) + ly = gyzlary (girlish)  


== Using Adjectives in Sentences ==
== Comparison of Adjectives ==
Adjectives in Turkmen can be compared using the suffixes "-da" (for comparative) and "-dan" (for superlative). For example:


Adjectives can be used to give more information about a noun or pronoun. They can be placed before or after the noun or pronoun they are modifying. Here are some examples:
{| class="wikitable"
! Turkmen !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| iyi || [iji] || good
|-
| iýe-da || [ijiːe.dɑ] || better
|-
| iýe-dan || [ijiːe.dɑn] || best
|}


* Adamli ýaşaýyş otagy (Manly living room)
In the example above, "iýe-da" means "better," while "iýe-dan" means "best."
* Otagyň adamlydygy (That the room was manly)
* Gyzly ýaşaýyş otagy (Girlish living room)
* Otagyň gyzlydygy (That the room was girlish)


Adjectives can also be used to compare two or more nouns or pronouns. This is done by adding the suffix "-dan" to the adjective. Here are some examples:  
== Dialogue ==
To help you better understand how adjectives are used in context, here's a dialogue between two friends:


* Adamlydan gyzly (More manly than girlish)  
* Friend 1: Salam, bugün hawa iýi. (Hello, the weather is nice today.)
* Gyzlydan adamly (More girlish than manly)  
* Friend 2: Hawa gowy däl ýaly dünýämiň en gyzykly hawa däl. (The weather isn't as good as the world's sweetest weather.)
* Friend 1: Özüň hawa barada hemmesi bilýär. (Everyone knows about the weather.)
* Friend 2: Ol ýokary howply. (It's extremely beautiful.)


== Conclusion ==
== Conclusion ==
That's it for this lesson on Turkmen adjectives! Remember, adjectives are a crucial component of Turkmen grammar and are used to add detail and description to sentences. By following the rules of gender, number, and case agreement, you can use adjectives like a native speaker. If you want to practice your skills, you can [https://polyglotclub.com/find-friends.php?search=send&d=0&f=36&offre1=134 find native speakers] and ask them any [https://polyglotclub.com/language/turkmen/question questions] you might have. You can also check out other [https://polyglotclub.com/language/turkmen Turkmen] [http://polyglotclub.com/language/turkmen/grammar Grammar] lessons on [https://polyglotclub.com Polyglot Club].


In this lesson, we have looked at how to form and use adjectives in the Turkmen language. We have seen that adjectives are formed by adding suffixes to nouns, and that they can be used to give more information about a noun or pronoun, or to compare two or more nouns or pronouns.  
<hr>➡ If you have any questions, please ask them in the comments section below.<br>➡ Feel free to edit this wiki page if you think it can be improved. 😎


<hr>If you have any questions, please ask them in the comments section below.<br>Feel free to edit this wiki page if you think it can be improved. 😎


<span link>Great work on completing this lesson! Take a moment to investigate these connected pages: [[Language/Turkmen/Grammar/Word-order|Word order]], [[Language/Turkmen/Grammar/Basic-Verb-Conjugation|Pronouns and Verbs]], [[Language/Turkmen/Grammar/Nouns|Nouns]] & [[Language/Turkmen/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]].</span>
{{#seo:
|title=Turkmen Grammar - Adjectives
|keywords=Turkmen, Turkmen adjectives, grammars, language learning
|description=In this lesson, we will focus on Turkmen adjectives, their agreement in gender, number, and case with the nouns they modify, and how to compare them. Read on to learn more!
}}


==Related Lessons==
==Other Lessons==
* [[Language/Turkmen/Grammar/Negation|Negation]]
* [[Language/Turkmen/Grammar/Conditional-Mood|Conditional Mood]]
* [[Language/Turkmen/Grammar/Personal-Pronouns|Personal Pronouns]]
* [[Language/Turkmen/Grammar/Pronouns|Pronouns]]
* [[Language/Turkmen/Grammar/Personal-pronouns|Personal pronouns]]
* [[Language/Turkmen/Grammar/Nouns|Nouns]]
* [[Language/Turkmen/Grammar/Question-particle–my-mi|Question particle–my mi]]
* [[Language/Turkmen/Grammar/Ordinal-Numbers|Ordinal Numbers]]
* [[Language/Turkmen/Grammar/Adverbs|Adverbs]]
* [[Language/Turkmen/Grammar/Future-Tense|Future Tense]]
* [[Language/Turkmen/Grammar/Future-Tense|Future Tense]]
* [[Language/Turkmen/Grammar/Pronouns|Pronouns]]
* [[Language/Turkmen/Grammar/Questions|Questions]]
* [[Language/Turkmen/Grammar/The-Case-system|The Case system]]
* [[Language/Turkmen/Grammar/Gender|Gender]]
* [[Language/Turkmen/Grammar/Gender|Gender]]
* [[Language/Turkmen/Grammar/Personal-pronouns|Personal pronouns]]
* [[Language/Turkmen/Grammar/How-to-Use-Be|How to Use Be]]
* [[Language/Turkmen/Grammar/The-Subjunctive-Mood|The Subjunctive Mood]]
<span class='maj'></span>
==Sources==
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmen_grammar Turkmen grammar - Wikipedia]
* [https://download.microsoft.com/download/C/D/6/CD6A8CDD-961F-42AD-AAE2-23748239B012/tuk-tkm-StyleGuide.pdf Turkmen Style Guide]


{{Turkmen-Page-Bottom}}
{{Turkmen-Page-Bottom}}
<span links></span>

Latest revision as of 20:51, 27 March 2023

Turkmen-Language-PolyglotClub.png
Turkmen Grammar - Adjectives

Hi Turkmen learners! 😊
In this lesson, we will focus on Turkmen adjectives. Adjectives are an essential part of speech as they add detail and description to a sentence. In Turkmen, adjectives are used to modify or describe nouns, pronouns, or other adjectives. They also agree in gender, number, and case with the nouns they are modifying. We will cover all of these concepts and more, so let's get started!


Don't hesitate to look into these other pages after completing this lesson: The Case system, Future Tense, Conditional Mood & Question particle–my mi.

Forming Adjectives[edit | edit source]

In Turkmen, adjectives are generally formed by adding the suffix "-ly" to a noun. For example:

Turkmen Pronunciation English
kitap [kitaːp] book
kitaply [kitaːplɯ] bookish/book-like
ýigit [jiːɡit] boy
ýigitli [jiːɡitli] boyish

As you can see in the examples above, the suffix "-ly" is added to the end of the noun to form the adjective. It's important to note that sometimes additional letters might be added to the suffix "-ly," such as "s" or "t," depending on the ending of the original noun.

Agreement of Adjectives[edit | edit source]

Turkmen adjectives agree in gender, number, and case with the nouns they modify. This means that the ending of the adjective changes to match the ending of the noun.

Gender Agreement[edit | edit source]

In Turkmen, nouns are either masculine or feminine. Adjectives will have an -a ending if they are modifying a feminine noun and an -y ending if they are modifying a masculine noun. For example:

Turkmen Pronunciation English
göz [ɡœz] eye
gözüň [ɡœzyŋ] his/her eye
gözeli [ɡœzeli] pretty (feminine)
köpek [køpɛk] dog
köpüň [køpyŋ] his/her dog
köpüni [køpyni] dog (accusative)
köpüňli [køpyŋli] dog-like (masculine)

As shown in the examples above, the adjective "gözeli" has an -a ending because it's modifying the feminine noun "göz" (eye), while the adjective "köpüňli" has a -y ending because it's modifying the masculine noun "köpek" (dog).

Number Agreement[edit | edit source]

Adjectives in Turkmen also agree in number with the nouns they modify. If the noun is singular, the adjective also needs to be in the singular form, and if the noun is plural, the adjective needs to be in the plural form. For example:

Turkmen Pronunciation English
gül [ɡyl] flower
gülüň [ɡylʊŋ] his/her flower
gülüňli [ɡylʊŋli] flowery
güller [ɡyllɛr] flowers
gülleriň [ɡyllɛriŋ] his/her flowers
gülleriňli [ɡyllɛriŋli] flowery (plural)

In the examples above, you can see that the adjective "gülüňli" means "flowery," but when modifying the plural noun "güller" (flowers), it becomes "gülleriňli."

Case Agreement[edit | edit source]

Finally, adjectives also agree in case with the nouns they modify. This means that the ending of the adjective changes to match the case of the noun. For example:

Turkmen Pronunciation English
ýol [jol] road
ýolyň [jolʊŋ] of the road
ýolaky [jolɑkɯ] road-like (nominative)
ýolakyň [jolɑkɯŋ] of road-like (genitive)

In the example above, "ýolaky" is the nominative form of the adjective (meaning it's the subject of the sentence), while "ýolakyň" is the genitive form (meaning it's showing possession or relation).

Comparison of Adjectives[edit | edit source]

Adjectives in Turkmen can be compared using the suffixes "-da" (for comparative) and "-dan" (for superlative). For example:

Turkmen Pronunciation English
iyi [iji] good
iýe-da [ijiːe.dɑ] better
iýe-dan [ijiːe.dɑn] best

In the example above, "iýe-da" means "better," while "iýe-dan" means "best."

Dialogue[edit | edit source]

To help you better understand how adjectives are used in context, here's a dialogue between two friends:

  • Friend 1: Salam, bugün hawa iýi. (Hello, the weather is nice today.)
  • Friend 2: Hawa gowy däl ýaly dünýämiň en gyzykly hawa däl. (The weather isn't as good as the world's sweetest weather.)
  • Friend 1: Özüň hawa barada hemmesi bilýär. (Everyone knows about the weather.)
  • Friend 2: Ol ýokary howply. (It's extremely beautiful.)

Conclusion[edit | edit source]

That's it for this lesson on Turkmen adjectives! Remember, adjectives are a crucial component of Turkmen grammar and are used to add detail and description to sentences. By following the rules of gender, number, and case agreement, you can use adjectives like a native speaker. If you want to practice your skills, you can find native speakers and ask them any questions you might have. You can also check out other Turkmen Grammar lessons on Polyglot Club.


➡ If you have any questions, please ask them in the comments section below.
➡ Feel free to edit this wiki page if you think it can be improved. 😎


Great work on completing this lesson! Take a moment to investigate these connected pages: Word order, Pronouns and Verbs, Nouns & 0 to A1 Course.

Other Lessons[edit | edit source]

Sources[edit | edit source]