Difference between revisions of "Language/Georgian/Grammar/Derivation"
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[[File:Georgian-Language-PolyglotClub.png|thumb]] | [[File:Georgian-Language-PolyglotClub.png|thumb]] | ||
<div | <div class="pg_page_title"> Derivation in Georgian</div> | ||
Derivation is very rich in Georgian. | Derivation is very rich in Georgian. | ||
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*Examples: ბესიკი, თამრიკო, სოსიკა; ანუკი, ვაჟა, თამილა, დედილო, მამილო, თამუნა, კაცუნა (“a small man” – satirically). | *Examples: ბესიკი, თამრიკო, სოსიკა; ანუკი, ვაჟა, თამილა, დედილო, მამილო, თამუნა, კაცუნა (“a small man” – satirically). | ||
== Previous situation== | == Previous situation== | ||
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http://eprints.iliauni.edu.ge/3071/1/Basic-Georgian%202%20bolo%20versia.pdf | http://eprints.iliauni.edu.ge/3071/1/Basic-Georgian%202%20bolo%20versia.pdf | ||
== | ==Other Lessons== | ||
* [[Language/Georgian/Grammar/Adverbial-forms-"to-have-breakfast,-dinner,-lunch-and-supper"|Adverbial forms "to have breakfast, dinner, lunch and supper"]] | * [[Language/Georgian/Grammar/Adverbial-forms-"to-have-breakfast,-dinner,-lunch-and-supper"|Adverbial forms "to have breakfast, dinner, lunch and supper"]] | ||
* [[Language/Georgian/Grammar/Conjugation-of-the-verb-“to-have”-in-the-past-tense|Conjugation of the verb “to have” in the past tense]] | * [[Language/Georgian/Grammar/Conjugation-of-the-verb-“to-have”-in-the-past-tense|Conjugation of the verb “to have” in the past tense]] | ||
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* [[Language/Georgian/Grammar/Medio-actives-Verbs|Medio actives Verbs]] | * [[Language/Georgian/Grammar/Medio-actives-Verbs|Medio actives Verbs]] | ||
* [[Language/Georgian/Grammar/Adverbs-of-purpose,-reason,-measure-and-interrogative-adverbs|Adverbs of purpose, reason, measure and interrogative adverbs]] | * [[Language/Georgian/Grammar/Adverbs-of-purpose,-reason,-measure-and-interrogative-adverbs|Adverbs of purpose, reason, measure and interrogative adverbs]] | ||
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Latest revision as of 13:14, 27 March 2023
Derivation is very rich in Georgian.
Opposition[edit | edit source]
Opposition is produced by the prefix “ანტი-” (“anti-”).
- Examples: ანტირუსული (“anti-Russian”), ანტიქართული (“anti-Georgian”).
A principle of belief[edit | edit source]
A principle of belief is produced by the suffix “-იზმი” (“-ism”).
- Examples: კომუნიზმი (“communism”), კაპიტალიზმი (“capitalism”).
An agent of action or promoter of belief[edit | edit source]
An agent of action or promoter of belief is produced by the suffix “-ისტი” (“-ist”). *Examples: კომუნისტი (“communist”), კაპიტალისტი (“capitalist”).
Likeness[edit | edit source]
Likeness is produced by the suffixes: -ნაირი, -თანა, -ფერი, -გვარი.
- Examples: კაცისთანა (“like a man”), კაცისნაირი (“like a man”), ჩემფერი (“like me”), შენგვარი (“like you”).
Geographical names[edit | edit source]
Geographical names are produced by the affixes: სა---ო, სა---ეთ-, -ეთ-.
- Examples: საქართველო, საფრანგეთი, რუსეთი.
Destinative meaning[edit | edit source]
Destinative meaning (“for”) is produced by the affixes: სა---ე, სა---ო, სა---ურ-.
- Examples: საქათმე (“for the hens”), საზღვაო (“for the sea”), საფეხური (“for step”). სა---ურ- is seldom used: სათაგური (“for a mouse”).
Abstract nouns[edit | edit source]
Abstract nouns are produced by: სი---ე, -ობა, -ება.
- Examples: სილამაზე (“beauty”), ბავშვობა (“childhood”), ბედნიერება (“happiness”).
Origin[edit | edit source]
Origin is produced by: -ელ- (only used for humans), -ურ-/-ულ- (only used for things), -იურ-, -დელ-, -ეულ-.
- Examples: თბილისელი (“Tbilisian”), ქართული (“a Georgian [thing]”), გუშინდელი (“from yesterday”), მზიური (“sunny”), დედისეული (“from a mother”).
Specialty[edit | edit source]
Specialty is produced by: მე---ე and მე---ურ- (less used).
- Examples: მებაღე (“gardener”), მეზღვაური (“sailor”).
Diminutive forms[edit | edit source]
Diminutive forms are produced by: -იკ(ა), -იკო, -უკ-, -ა, -ილო/-ილა, -უნ-. The first two suffixes “-იკ(ა)” and “-იკო”, are widely used for personal nouns.
- Examples: ბესიკი, თამრიკო, სოსიკა; ანუკი, ვაჟა, თამილა, დედილო, მამილო, თამუნა, კაცუნა (“a small man” – satirically).
Previous situation[edit | edit source]
Previous situation is produced by affixes: ნა---ევ- and ნა---არ-.
- Examples: ნაცოლარი (“a man who had a wife before”), ნაქმრევი (“a woman who had a husband before”).
Possessive forms[edit | edit source]
Possessive forms are produced with: -იან-, -ოსან-, -ოვან-, (-ედ- and -ა are used very seldom).
- Examples: ცოლიანი (“a married man with a wife”), ქმრიანი (“a married woman with a husband”), გულოვანი (“brave”), გონი (“brain”), გონიერი (“clever”), ღონე (“strength”), ღონიერი (“strong”).
Negative forms[edit | edit source]
Negative forms are produced by: უ---ო and უ---ურ-.
- Examples: უხელო (“without a hand”), უწიგნური (“uneducated”).
Sources[edit | edit source]
http://eprints.iliauni.edu.ge/3071/1/Basic-Georgian%202%20bolo%20versia.pdf
Other Lessons[edit | edit source]
- Adverbial forms "to have breakfast, dinner, lunch and supper"
- Conjugation of the verb “to have” in the past tense
- “to be” ყოფნა Present Tense
- Conjugation of the verb “to know” ცოდნა
- Negative imperatives with “ნუ”
- The postposition “ თან”
- Using personal pronouns as the subject
- Medio actives Verbs
- Adverbs of purpose, reason, measure and interrogative adverbs