Difference between revisions of "Language/Slovenian/Grammar/Personal-Pronouns"
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* [[Language/Slovenian/Grammar/Word-order-and-sentence-structure|Word order and sentence structure]] | * [[Language/Slovenian/Grammar/Word-order-and-sentence-structure|Word order and sentence structure]] | ||
* [[Language/Slovenian/Grammar/Conjugation-of-verbs-in-the-present-tense|Conjugation of verbs in the present tense]] | * [[Language/Slovenian/Grammar/Conjugation-of-verbs-in-the-present-tense|Conjugation of verbs in the present tense]] | ||
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==Sources== | |||
* [https://ling-app.com/sl/slovenian-pronouns/ Easy Slovenian Pronouns: A Guide To 3+ Categories - Ling App] | |||
{{Slovenian-Page-Bottom}} | {{Slovenian-Page-Bottom}} |
Revision as of 22:21, 22 March 2023
In this lesson, you will learn about Slovenian personal pronouns, which are an essential part of the language. Pronouns are crucial in any language because they allow speakers to refer to people, objects, or concepts without always having to name them explicitly. Personal pronouns are a type of pronoun that refer to particular people or things.
- Slovenian Personal Pronouns
Slovenian personal pronouns change depending on the grammatical case they are in. A grammatical case is a form of a noun, pronoun, or adjective that indicates its function in a sentence, such as subject or object. Slovenian has six grammatical cases: nominative, genitive, dative, accusative, locative, and instrumental. We will take a look at each of them below.
- Nominative Case
The nominative case is used for the subject of a sentence or a clause. In Slovenian, personal pronouns in the nominative case are:
Slovenian | Pronunciation | English |
---|---|---|
jaz | yahz | I / me (when emphasized) |
ti | tee | you (informal) |
on | own | he |
ona | ownah | she |
ono | ownoh | it |
mi | mee | we / us (when emphasized) |
vi | vee | you (formal) |
oni | ownee | they (male, mixed gender) |
one | ownay | they (female) |
Here are some examples:
- Jaz sem učiteljica. (I am a teacher.)
- Ti si moj prijatelj. (You are my friend.)
- On je zelo pameten. (He is very intelligent.)
- Ona ima lepo obleko. (She has a beautiful dress.)
- Ono je zeleno. (It is green.)
- Mi smo prijatelji že nekaj let. (We have been friends for a few years.)
- Vi ste zelo prijazni. (You are very kind.)
- Oni so zelo zaposleni. (They are very busy.)
- Genitive Case
The genitive case is used to indicate possession or to modify a noun. In Slovenian, personal pronouns in the genitive case are:
Slovenian | Pronunciation | English |
---|---|---|
mene | mehneh | me / mine (when emphasized) |
tebe | tehbeh | you / yours (informal) |
njega | nyegeh | him / his |
nje | nye | her / hers |
njega/njegovo | nyegeh/nyegehvoh | it / its |
nas | nahs | us / ours (when emphasized) |
vas | vahs | you / yours (formal) |
njih | nye | them / their (male, mixed gender) |
njih | nye | them / their (female) |
Here are some examples:
- To je moj avto. (This is my car.) --> To je avto, ki je moj. (This is a car that is mine.)
- Ta torba je tvoja. (This bag is yours.) --> Ta torba je tvoja. (This bag is yours.)
- To je njegov računalnik. (This is his computer.) --> To je računalnik, ki je njegov. (This is a computer that is his.)
- To je njena hiša. (This is her house.) --> To je hiša, ki je njena. (This is a house that is hers.)
- To je njegovo kolo. (This is its bike.) --> To je kolo, ki je njegovo. (This is a bike that is its.)
- To so naše knjige. (These are our books.) --> To so knjige, ki so naše. (These are books that are ours.)
- To so vaši ključi. (These are your keys.) --> To so ključi, ki so vaši. (These are keys that are yours.)
- To so njihovi avtomobili. (These are their cars.) --> To so avtomobili, ki so njihovi. (These are cars that are theirs.)
- Dative Case
The dative case is used to indicate motion to or location in a certain place. In Slovenian, personal pronouns in the dative case are:
Slovenian | Pronunciation | English |
---|---|---|
meni | mehnee | to me / for me |
tebi | tebee | to you / for you (informal) |
njemu | nyehmoo | to him / for him |
njej | nyeay | to her / for her |
njemu | nyehmoo | to it / for it |
nam | nahm | to us / for us |
vam | vahm | to you / for you (formal) |
njim | nyim | to them / for them (male, mixed gender) |
njim | nyim | to them / for them (female) |
Here are some examples:
- Pojdi k meni. (Come to me.)
- Dam ti knjigo. (I give you a book.) --> Dam knjigo tebi. (I give a book to you.)
- Povej mu resnico. (Tell him the truth.)
- Pokaži ji to mesto. (Show her this place.)
- Naloži mu hrano. (Load it with food for him.)
- Pomagajte nam. (Help us.) --> Pomagajte nam. (Help us.)
- Povabite vas brez oklevanja. (Invite you without hesitation.) --> Vas povabimo brez oklevanja. (We invite you without hesitation.)
- Sodelujemo z njimi. (We work with them.)
- Accusative Case
The accusative case is used to indicate the direct object of a verb. In Slovenian, personal pronouns in the accusative case are:
Slovenian | Pronunciation | English |
---|---|---|
mene | mehneh | me |
tebe | tehbeh | you (informal) |
njega | nyegeh | him |
njo | nyoh | her |
njega | nyegeh | it |
nas | nahs | us |
vas | vahs | you (formal) |
njih | nye | them (male, mixed gender) |
njih | nye | them (female) |
Here are some examples:
- Vidim te. (I see you.)
- Govorimo o njem. (We talk about him.)
- Spoznam jo na avtobusu. (I meet her on the bus.)
- Kupim ga v trgovini. (I buy it in the store.)
- Vprašamo vas nekaj. (We ask you something.)
- Vabijo nas na večerjo. (They invite us to dinner.)
- Hvala vam za pomoč. (Thank you for your help.)
- Vidim njih v parku. (I see them in the park.)
- Locative Case
The locative case is used to indicate location of a noun or pronoun. In Slovenian, personal pronouns in the locative case are:
Slovenian | Pronunciation | English |
---|---|---|
meni | mehnee | for me / at my place |
tebi | tebee | for you / at your place (informal) |
njemu | nyehmoo | for him / at his place |
njej | nyeay | for her / at her place |
njemu | nyehmoo | for it / at its place |
nam | nahm | for us / at our place |
vam | vahm | for you / at your place (formal) |
njim | nyim | for them / at their place (male, mixed gender) |
njim | nyim | for them / at their place (female) |
Here are some examples:
- V restavraciji sem srečal tebe. (I met you in the restaurant.)
- Živim pri njem. (I live with him.)
- Grem z njo v kino. (I'm going to the movies with her.)
- To je njen dom. (This is her home.) --> To je dom, ki je njen. (This is a home that is hers.)
- Na mizi je njihova hrana. (Their food is on the table.)
- Pridite k nam. (Come to our place.)
- Hodita z vama? (Are they walking with you two?)
- Delate pri njih. (You work at their place.)
- Instrumental Case
The instrumental case is used to indicate means, tool, or other aid. In Slovenian, personal pronouns in the instrumental case are:
Slovenian | Pronunciation | English |
---|---|---|
z mano | z mahnoh | with me |
s teboj | s tehboy | with you (informal) |
z njim | z nyehm | with him |
z njo | z nyoh | with her |
z njim | z nyehm | with it |
z nami | z nahmee | with us |
z vami | z vahmee | with you (formal) |
z njimi | z nyimee | with them (male, mixed gender) |
z njimi | z nyimee | with them (female) |
Here are some examples:
- Pišem s pisalom. (I write with a pen.)
- Pleši z mano. (Dance with me.)
- Kličem s telefonom. (I call on the phone.)
- Koliko nadur delaš s njim? (How many hours do you work with him?)
- Igram tenis s njo. (I play tennis with her.)
- Pridite z nami. (Come with us.)
- Potujte z avtom. (Travel by car with you.)
- Gledam film z njimi. (I'm watching a movie with them.)
- Conclusion
In this lesson, we have covered the Slovenian personal pronouns in all six grammatical cases. It is
Related Lessons
- Past Tense
- Prepositions
- Singular and Plural Nouns
- Future Tense
- Pronouns
- Adjective Agreement
- Complex sentences and subordinations
- The subjunctive mood and modal verbs
- Word order and sentence structure
- Conjugation of verbs in the present tense
Sources