Language/Central-kurdish/Grammar/Nouns

Central Kurdish Grammar - Nouns

Hi Central Kurdish learners! 😊
In this lesson, we will learn about Central Kurdish nouns, including their gender, number, and cases. Understanding nouns is essential to building a solid foundation in Central Kurdish grammar. Let's get started!

Gender

Unlike many other languages, Central Kurdish nouns do not have grammatical gender. This means that all nouns are treated the same and are not differentiated based on masculine or feminine gender.

Number

Central Kurdish nouns have two number forms: singular and plural. The plural is formed by adding suffixes to the singular form of the noun. The exact suffixes used depend on the noun and its ending. For example:

Central Kurdish	Singular	Plural
خوار	خوار	خواران

In the example above, the plural suffix -ان is added to the singular form of the noun خوار to form the plural خواران. Another example:

Central Kurdish	Singular	Plural
باغ	باغ	باغه‌کان

In this example, the plural suffix -ه‌کان is added to the singular form of the noun باغ to form the plural باغه‌کان. It's important to note that some nouns have irregular plural forms, and you will need to memorize them.

Cases

Central Kurdish nouns have several different cases, which are used to show the function of the noun in a sentence. The following are the most common cases:

Nominative case

The nominative case is used for the subject of the sentence. In Central Kurdish, the subject is typically placed at the beginning of the sentence. For example:

• زۆر خۆش بەدوامیکردووە. (Zor xosh bedewamikirrawa.) - "They were very happy."

In this sentence, the noun زۆر (zor) is in the nominative case and is the subject of the sentence.

Oblique case

The oblique case is used for nouns that are not the subject of the sentence. This can include objects, indirect objects, and possessors. For example:

• هەوڵمان دەکرێت بۆ مەکۆکەکان. (Hewlmana dêkrate bo mekokekan.) - "We are applying to universities."

In this sentence, the noun مەکۆ (meko) is in the oblique case and is the object of the preposition بۆ (bo).

Possessive case

The possessive case is used to show possession or ownership. It is formed by adding the suffix -ی (î) to the end of the noun. For example:

• دەستی کاتێکی لەم خاوەنەیە (Dêsti kateki lêv khawanye.) - "The hand of a clock."

In this example, the noun خاوەنە (khawane) is in the possessive case, and the added suffix is -ی (î).

Vocative case

The vocative case is used when addressing or calling someone by name. In Central Kurdish, the vocative case is not usually marked with any special forms or endings. For example:

• کورد (Kurd) - "Kurd!"

Dialogue

Peshmerge 1: سڵاو ئاجای! چۆنیەتی؟ (Slaw ajay! Chonayti?) - "Hello Uncle! How are you?" Peshmerge 2: بۆسایرە، باشم. تۆ چەوتی؟ (Bosayre, bashe. To chewti?) - "I’m fine, thank you. How about you?"

Tips

• To improve your Central Kurdish Grammar, you can also use the Polyglot Club website. Find native speakers and ask them any questions!

Sources

• Kurdish language - Wikipedia
• Central Kurdish - Wikipedia

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Related Lessons

• Adjectives
• Conditional Mood
• Plurals
• Pronouns
• Questions
• Future Tense
• Gender
• Negation
• Give your Opinion