Language/Bashkir/Grammar/Adjectives

Bashkir Grammar - Adjectives

Hi Bashkir learners! 😊
In this lesson, we will learn about adjectives in Bashkir. Adjectives are words used to describe or modify nouns. They can indicate a quality, size, color or any other characteristic of a noun.

Types of Adjectives

There are two types of adjectives in Bashkir:

Attributive Adjectives

Attributive adjectives come before nouns and modify the noun directly. They agree with the noun in gender, number, and case. For example:

Bashkir	Pronunciation	English
гультәк	gultäk	red

- гультәк (gultäk), meaning "red," modifies the noun it describes directly:

• ҡуш (quş) – bird

• гультәк ҡуш (gultäk quş) – red bird

In this example, гультәк (gultäk) is an attributive adjective because it comes before the noun and describes it directly.

Predicative Adjectives

Predicative adjectives come after the noun and relate to it through a linking verb. They do not agree in gender, number, or case with the noun. For example:

Bashkir	Pronunciation	English
кар	kar	white

- кар (kar), meaning "white," relates to the noun through a linking verb:

• мәйдан (mäydan) – field

• мәйдан кар (mäydan kar) – field is white

In this example, кар (kar) is a predicative adjective because it comes after the noun and relates to it through a linking verb.

Adjective Agreement

In Bashkir, adjectives agree with nouns in gender, number, and case. For example:

Bashkir	Pronunciation	English
йөрәк	yörek	small

- йөрәк (yörek), meaning "small," agrees with the noun it describes in gender, number, and case:

• кот (kot) – cat

• йөрәк кот (yörek kot) – small cat

If the noun is feminine, the adjective endings change:

• һатын (hatın) – housewife

• йөрәк һатын (yörek hatın) – small housewife

Note that the adjective йөрәк (yörek) changes its ending to agree with the noun in gender, number, and case.

Comparative and Superlative Adjectives

In Bashkir, comparative and superlative adjectives are formed using the following patterns:

• Comparative: ҡайсыса (qaysysa) + adjective + ҡаршы (qarşı) + adjective

• Superlative: ҡайсы (qaysı) + adjective + һөйләк (höylek) + noun

For example:

• Сагынды (Sagındı) – beautiful

• Сагындыҡа йәңү (Sagındıqa yönu) – more beautiful

• коттан (kottan) – cat

• йөҙсе коттан (yödze kottan) – the smallest cat

Note that ҡайсыса (qaysysa) and ҡайсы (qaysı) are used with attributive adjectives, while һөйләк (höylek) is used with nouns.

Dialogue

To see adjectives used in context, here is a dialogue between two friends:

• Амина (Amina): Асыҡ нара (Asıq nara) - Your new car is beautiful!

• Руслан (Ruslan): Уҡыҙ яңа йөҙле йүрәк (Uqız yaña yödle yuräk) - It's the tiniest red car.

In this dialogue, we see the attributive adjective яңа (yaña), meaning "new," and the predicative adjective йөҙле (yödle), meaning "tiny."

Practice Exercises

Now that you have learned about Bashkir adjectives, it's time to practice! Here are some exercises to help you master adjective agreement:

1. Translate the following sentences into Bashkir:

• The black cat is big.

• The white house is small.

• My old computer is slow.

2. Change the following adjectives from positive to comparative:

• тиҙ (tið, fast)

• ирсәк (irseḵ, tall)

• әлә (älä, good)

3. Change the following adjectives from positive to superlative:

• яхшы (yaxşı, good)

• урта (urta, average)

• кечмиш (keçmiş, past)

💡 Don't forget to use Find native speakers and ask them any questions about Bashkir adjectives to improve your understanding of the language!

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