Difference between revisions of "Language/Georgian/Grammar/Derivation"

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==Sources==
==Sources==
http://eprints.iliauni.edu.ge/3071/1/Basic-Georgian%202%20bolo%20versia.pdf
http://eprints.iliauni.edu.ge/3071/1/Basic-Georgian%202%20bolo%20versia.pdf
==Related Lessons==
* [[Language/Georgian/Grammar/Adverbial-forms-"to-have-breakfast,-dinner,-lunch-and-supper"|Adverbial forms "to have breakfast, dinner, lunch and supper"]]
* [[Language/Georgian/Grammar/Conjugation-of-the-verb-“to-have”-in-the-past-tense|Conjugation of the verb “to have” in the past tense]]
* [[Language/Georgian/Grammar/“to-be”-ყოფნა-Present-Tense|“to be” ყოფნა Present Tense]]
* [[Language/Georgian/Grammar/Conjugation-of-the-verb-“to-know”-ცოდნა|Conjugation of the verb “to know” ცოდნა]]
* [[Language/Georgian/Grammar/Negative-imperatives-with-“ნუ”|Negative imperatives with “ნუ”]]
* [[Language/Georgian/Grammar/The-postposition-“-თან”|The postposition “ თან”]]
* [[Language/Georgian/Grammar/Using-personal-pronouns-as-the-subject|Using personal pronouns as the subject]]
* [[Language/Georgian/Grammar/Medio-actives-Verbs|Medio actives Verbs]]
* [[Language/Georgian/Grammar/Adverbs-of-purpose,-reason,-measure-and-interrogative-adverbs|Adverbs of purpose, reason, measure and interrogative adverbs]]

Revision as of 13:32, 26 February 2023

Georgian-Language-PolyglotClub.png
Derivation in Georgian


Derivation is very rich in Georgian.

Opposition

Opposition is produced by the prefix “ანტი-” (“anti-”).

  • Examples: ანტირუსული (“anti-Russian”), ანტიქართული (“anti-Georgian”).

A principle of belief

A principle of belief is produced by the suffix “-იზმი” (“-ism”).

  • Examples: კომუნიზმი (“communism”), კაპიტალიზმი (“capitalism”).

An agent of action or promoter of belief

An agent of action or promoter of belief is produced by the suffix “-ისტი” (“-ist”). *Examples: კომუნისტი (“communist”), კაპიტალისტი (“capitalist”).

Likeness

Likeness is produced by the suffixes: -ნაირი, -თანა, -ფერი, -გვარი.

  • Examples: კაცისთანა (“like a man”), კაცისნაირი (“like a man”), ჩემფერი (“like me”), შენგვარი (“like you”).

Geographical names

Geographical names are produced by the affixes: სა---ო, სა---ეთ-, -ეთ-.

  • Examples: საქართველო, საფრანგეთი, რუსეთი.

Destinative meaning

Destinative meaning (“for”) is produced by the affixes: სა---ე, სა---ო, სა---ურ-.

  • Examples: საქათმე (“for the hens”), საზღვაო (“for the sea”), საფეხური (“for step”). სა---ურ- is seldom used: სათაგური (“for a mouse”).

Abstract nouns

Abstract nouns are produced by: სი---ე, -ობა, -ება.

  • Examples: სილამაზე (“beauty”), ბავშვობა (“childhood”), ბედნიერება (“happiness”).

Origin

Origin is produced by: -ელ- (only used for humans), -ურ-/-ულ- (only used for things), -იურ-, -დელ-, -ეულ-.

  • Examples: თბილისელი (“Tbilisian”), ქართული (“a Georgian [thing]”), გუშინდელი (“from yesterday”), მზიური (“sunny”), დედისეული (“from a mother”).

Specialty

Specialty is produced by: მე---ე and მე---ურ- (less used).

  • Examples: მებაღე (“gardener”), მეზღვაური (“sailor”).

Diminutive forms

Diminutive forms are produced by: -იკ(ა), -იკო, -უკ-, -ა, -ილო/-ილა, -უნ-. The first two suffixes “-იკ(ა)” and “-იკო”, are widely used for personal nouns.

  • Examples: ბესიკი, თამრიკო, სოსიკა; ანუკი, ვაჟა, თამილა, დედილო, მამილო, თამუნა, კაცუნა (“a small man” – satirically).


Previous situation

Previous situation is produced by affixes: ნა---ევ- and ნა---არ-.

  • Examples: ნაცოლარი (“a man who had a wife before”), ნაქმრევი (“a woman who had a husband before”).

Possessive forms

Possessive forms are produced with: -იან-, -ოსან-, -ოვან-, (-ედ- and -ა are used very seldom).

  • Examples: ცოლიანი (“a married man with a wife”), ქმრიანი (“a married woman with a husband”), გულოვანი (“brave”), გონი (“brain”), გონიერი (“clever”), ღონე (“strength”), ღონიერი (“strong”).

Negative forms

Negative forms are produced by: უ---ო and უ---ურ-.

  • Examples: უხელო (“without a hand”), უწიგნური (“uneducated”).

Sources

http://eprints.iliauni.edu.ge/3071/1/Basic-Georgian%202%20bolo%20versia.pdf

Related Lessons