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Difference between revisions of "Language/Shona/Vocabulary/Telling-Time"
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AM (ante meridiem) meaning "before the afternoon" is often translated and spoken in Shona as either "dzemangwanani" or "dzemakuseni" (both meaning "of the morning"). | AM (ante meridiem) meaning "before the afternoon" is often translated and spoken in Shona as either "dzemangwanani" or "dzemakuseni" (both meaning "of the morning"). | ||
* Hence AM, the abbreviation | * Hence AM, the abbreviation KU will be used to remind readers that "dzekuseni" is the proper way of conversing in Shona in order to be understood. | ||
PM (post meridiem) meaning "after the afternoon" is often translated and spoken in Shona as either "dzemasikati" (of the afternoon) when closer to the afternoon or "dzemadekwa" (of the evening) as it gets darker. | PM (post meridiem) meaning "after the afternoon" is often translated and spoken in Shona as either "dzemasikati" (of the afternoon) when closer to the afternoon or "dzemadekwa/ dzemadokwa" (of the evening) as it gets darker. | ||
In the following reading please be aware that the "nh" sound in Shona is unlike the "n" sound in English and Shona, and must always be written with an "h" otherwise the word changes meaning. The letter "h" is used to form heavier breathy sounds, you can find it in dh, nh, mh, bh etcetera. | * Hence PM, will be MSK and/or MDKthis is to different between the two "afternoons", there is the broad daylight afternoon "masikati (MSK)" and the evening-to-dark afternoon "madekwa/madokwa(MDK)" | ||
In the following reading please be aware that the "nh" sound in Shona is unlike the "n" sound in English and Shona, and must always be written with an "h" otherwise the word changes meaning. The letter "h" is used to form heavier breathy sounds, you can find it in dh, nh, mh, bh etcetera. | |||
# Additionally, the "va" in ''nguva'' is implosive and is neither a "v" or "w", however, it is better to replace it with W as other languages of Shona do use "Wa" in place of "Va". So ''nguva'' can in-fact be ''nguwa''. | |||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
! Shona !! Pronunciation !! English Translation | ! Shona !! Pronunciation !! English Translation | ||
|- | |- | ||
| nguva | | nguva (12:00KSN) || ngoo-wa || time (12.00AM) | ||
|- | |||
|nhambo/awa | |||
|nn-ha-mm-bo / ah-wah | |||
|hour | |||
|- | |- | ||
| kumamotsi || ku-ma-mo-tsee || one o'clock | | kumamotsi || ku-ma-mo-tsee || one o'clock | ||
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| kumaguminerimwe || koo-ma-goo-mee ne-ree-mm-we|| eleven o'clock | | kumaguminerimwe || koo-ma-goo-mee ne-ree-mm-we|| eleven o'clock | ||
|- | |- | ||
| kumaguminembiri || koo-ma-goo-mee ne-mm-bee-ree || | | kumaguminembiri || koo-ma-goo-mee ne-mm-bee-ree || twelve o'clock | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |nhambo (1:00MSK nemberi) | ||
|nn-ha-mm-bo | |||
|hour (1:00PM onwards) | |||
|- | |||
| nguva (5:00MDK nemberi) || ngoo-wa || time (5.00PM onwards) | |||
|} | |} | ||
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==== Minutes ==== | ==== Minutes ==== | ||
Minutes are usually not pronounced in numbers; "past" and "to" are used instead. | A minute in Shona can be translated as '''mhindi''' or if following English as '''mineti'''. Minutes are usually not pronounced in numbers; "past" and "to" are used instead. | ||
* "Past" is translated as " | * "Past" is translated as "kupfuura", which means "passing". For instance, if it is 3:10 in Shona, it is pronounced as "mamhindi makumi kupfuura nhambo-ritatu" or "mamhindi makumi kupfuura awa-ritatu" (trans. ten minutes passing the third-hour). | ||
* "To" is translated as " | * "To" is translated as "kusvika", which can be compared to the English word "to arrive to/until". For instance, if it is 3:50 in Shona, it is pronounced as "mamhindi makumi kusvika nhambo-rina" (trans. ten minutes until the fourth hour) or "nhambo-ritatu nemamhindi makumimashanu" (trans. the third hour and fifty minutes; "three-fifty" basically). | ||
It's important to note here that the word "kusvika" is | It's important to note here that the word "kusvika" can be omitted as in the second example. | ||
==== Seconds ==== | |||
In Shona a second is '''chepiri''' or '''sekondi''' using the English borrowed term. | |||
* 3:10:02 (three hours ten minutes and two seconds) would be translated as "nhambo-ritatu mamhindi makumi nezvepiri zviviri" | |||
* 3:50:02 (three hours fifty minutes and two seconds) would be translated as "nhambo-ritatu mamhindi makumimashanu nezvepiri zviviri". | |||
==== Half-past ==== | |||
The term half-past is translated in Shona as '''chidimbu-'''kupfuura, although ''kupfuura'' can actually be omitted as ''chidimbu'' tells you that you are midway of the hour. | |||
* 6:30am would be translated as "chidimbu chenhambo ritanhatu rekuseni (6:30ksn)" or "chidimbu chemamhambo matanhatu" (trans. half of the sixth hour of the morning) | |||
* 1:30pm would be translated as "chidimbu chenhambo rimwe remasikati (1:30msk)" (trans. half of the first hour of the afternoon) | |||
==== Quarter-to and Quarter-past ==== | |||
The term quarter-to in Shona can be translated two ways '''chipandi-kusvika.''' | |||
* 10:45am would be translated as "chipandi kusvika nhambo reguminerimwe rekuseni (10:45ksn)" (trans. a quarter to arrive to the 11th hour in the morning) | |||
* 12:45pm would be translated as "chipandi kusvika nhambo regumimbiri remasikati (12:45msk)" (trans. a quarter to arrive to the 12th hour in the afternoon) | |||
The term quarter-past in Shona can translated two ways as well '''chipanda-kupfuura''' or '''rwina-kupfuura''', similarly, an English borrowed term can be use '''kwota'''-kupfuura. | |||
* 9:15am would be translated as "chipandi kupfuura nhambo repfumbamwe kumakuseni (9:15ksn)" (trans. a quarter passing the 9th hour of the morning) | |||
* 11:15pm would be translated as "chipandi kupfuura nhambo reguminerimwe remadokwa(11:15mdk)" (trans. a quarter passing the 11th hour of the night) | |||
=== Examples === | === Examples === | ||
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Here are a few examples of how to tell time in Shona: | Here are a few examples of how to tell time in Shona: | ||
* 5:45 is " | * 5:45 is "chipandi kusvika nhambo rechitanhatu" (trans. quarter until the 6th hour) | ||
* | * 10:30 is "chidimbu chenhambo rechigumi" | ||
* | * 12:15 is "chipandi kupfuura nhambo regumimbiri" | ||
* | * 1:50 is "mamhindi makumi kusvika nhambo ripiri" (trans. 10 minutes to arrive to the 2nd hour) | ||
* 2:02 is " | * 9:20 is "mamhindi gumi kupfuura nhambo repfumbamwe" (trans. 20 minutes passing/since the 9th hour) | ||
*2:02 is "mamhindi mairi kupfuura nhambo ripiri" | |||
== Conclusion == | == Conclusion == | ||