Language/Turkish/Grammar/Past-Tense
Hello everybody,
In today's lesson you will learn how to use the ¨PAST TENSE¨ in Turkish.
Feel free to edit this page by adding new words and expressions!
Happy learning! :)
Past Tense in Turkish is easy. The main 2 types of Past tense is Görülen (simple past) and Öğrenilen (not defined past). There are also many mixed types of past tense.
As you complete your study of this topic, consider these connected lessons to continue your learning: REİTERATİVE, Gender, The Nominative Case in Turkish & Adjectives.
Simple Past Tense - Görünen /Di'li Geçmiş Zaman[edit | edit source]
We use this tense for actions that happened in past. Its suffixes are -DI (-dı, -di, -du, -dü, -tı, -ti, -tu, -tü). For example: O, soğan doğradı. She sliced onions.
ENGLISH | PRONUNCIATION
ENGLISH |
TURKISH | PRONUNCIATION
BRAZILIAN PORTUGUESE |
BRAZILIAN
PORTUGUESE |
I CAME | behn gehl dihm | BEN GELDİM | ben gueLdim | EU VIM |
YOU CAME | sehn gehl dihn | SEN GELDİN | sen gueLdin | VOCÊ VEIO |
HE / SHE / IT
CAME |
oh gehl dih | O GELDİ | o gueLdí | ELE / ELA / ISSO
VEIO |
WE CAME | bihz gehl dihk | BİZ GELDİK | biz gueLdík | NÓS VIEMOS |
YOU CAME | sihz gehl dih nihz | SİZ GELDİNİZ | siz gueLdiníz | VOCÊS VIERAM |
THEY
CAME |
ohn lahr
gehl dih lehr |
ONLAR
GELDİLER |
onlár
gueLdilér |
ELES / ELAS
VIERAM |
****When use past tence, -Di will be changed as a -Ti,-Ta, Te,Tı,Ti[edit | edit source] | ||||
I WENT | behn gith tim | BEN GİTTİM | ||
YOU WENT | sehn gith tin | SEN GİTTİN | ||
HE/SHE WENT | o gith ti | O GİTTİ | ||
WE WENT | bihz gith tik | BİZ GİTTİK | ||
YOU WENT | sihz gith tiniz | SİZ GİTTİNİZ | ||
THEY WENT | ohn lahr gith tiler | ONLAR GİTTİLER | ||
I CAME HOME | behn eh veh gehl dihm | BEN EVE GELDİM | ben evé gueLdim | EU VIM PRA CASA |
YOU CAME HOME | sehn eh veh gehl dihn | SEN EVE GELDİN | sen evé gueLdin | VOCÊ VEIO PRA CASA |
HE CAME HOME | oh eh veh gehl dih | O EVE GELDİ | o evé gueLdí | ELE / ELA / ISSO
VEIO PRA CASA |
WE CAME HOME | bihz eh veh gehl dihk | BİZ EVE GELDİK | biz evé gueLdík | NÓS VIEMOS PRA CASA |
YOU CAME HOME | sihz eh veh gehl dih nihz | SİZ EVE GELDİNİZ | siz evé gueLdiníz | VOCÊS VIERAM PRA CASA |
THEY CAME
HOME |
ohn lahr eh veh
gehl dih lehr |
ONLAR EVE
GELDİLER |
onlár evé
gueLdilér |
ELES / ELAS
VIERAM PRA CASA |
Not defined in English - Öğrenilen /Miş'li Geçmiş Zaman[edit | edit source]
Not defined Past Tense or Öğrenilen Geçmiş Zaman is also used for actions that happened in past but only if we didn't witness it and heard from someone else or that we have just found out. Its suffixes are -mIş (-mış, -miş, -muş, -müş). For example: Duydum ki arkadaşın Rusya'dan dönmüş. I heard your friend came back from Russia. (we didn't see it but we heard it from someone)
ENGLISH | PRONUNCIATION
ENGLISH |
TURKISH | PRONUNCIATION
BRAZILIAN PORTUGUESE |
BRAZILIAN
PORTUGUESE |
I CAME | Ben gelmişim | |||
YOU CAME | Sen gelmişsin | |||
HE / SHE / IT
CAME |
O gelmiş | |||
WE CAME | Biz gelmişiz | |||
YOU CAME | Siz gelmişsiniz | |||
THEY
CAME |
Onlar gelmişler |
Simple Past Perfect - Öğrenilen Geçmiş Zamanın Hikayesi[edit | edit source]
ENGLISH | PRONUNCIATION
ENGLISH |
TURKISH | PRONUNCIATION
BRAZILIAN PORTUGUESE |
BRAZILIAN
PORTUGUESE |
I HAD CAME | Ben gelmiştim | |||
YOU HAD CAME | Sen gelmiştin | |||
HE / SHE / IT
HAD CAME |
O gelmişti | |||
WE HAD CAME | Biz gelmiştik | |||
YOU HAD CAME | Siz gelmiştiniz | |||
THEY HAD
CAME |
Onlar gelmiştiler |
Not defined in English - Öğrenilen Geçmiş Zamanın Şartı[edit | edit source]
This tense is used to describe the result of an action that happened in the past (like the action is the reason) but we didn't witness that action. Its suffixes are: -mIş+sA. For example: Burhan Tuğçeyi sevmişse, neden bunu ona itiraf etmedi? If Burhan loved Tugce (we have just found out that he loved her) why didn't he admit it to her?
ENGLISH | PRONUNCIATION
ENGLISH |
TURKISH | PRONUNCIATION
BRAZILIAN PORTUGUESE |
BRAZILIAN
PORTUGUESE |
I CAME | Ben gelmişsem | |||
YOU CAME | Sen gelmişsen | |||
HE / SHE / IT
CAME |
O gelmişse | |||
WE CAME | Biz gelmişsek | |||
YOU CAME | Siz gelmişseniz | |||
THEY
CAME |
Onlar gelmişseler |
Not defined in English - Görülen Geçmiş Zamanın Şartı[edit | edit source]
This tense is used to describe the result of an action that happened in the past (like the action is the reason). Its suffixes are: -DI+y+sE. (we add "Y" because two vowels can't be next to each other). For example: Ödevini bitirdiysen gidip dinlen. If you finished your homework, go and take a rest.
ENGLISH | PRONUNCIATION
ENGLISH |
TURKISH | PRONUNCIATION
BRAZILIAN PORTUGUESE |
BRAZILIAN
PORTUGUESE |
I CAME | Ben geldiysem | |||
YOU CAME | Sen geldiysen | |||
HE / SHE / IT
CAME |
O geldiyse | |||
WE CAME | Biz geldiysek | |||
YOU CAME | Siz geldiyseniz | |||
THEY
CAME |
Onlar geldiyseler |
PRONOUN + OBJECT + VERB STEM + -DI, -Dİ, -DU, -DÜ / PRONOME + OBJETO + RAIZ DO VERBO + -DI, -Dİ, -DU, -DÜ
CONJUGATION (EK-FİİL)[edit | edit source]
Turkish grammer and sentence structure is little bit different from other european language. Turks are using the verb at the end of the sentence. but the Turkish grammer is the same about the pronouns and conjugation. Past Tense (Geçmiş Zaman) consists of two parts : -Di'li Geçmiz zaman (görülen) and -Miş'li Geçmiş Zaman (duyulan). we see the action and the action is exactly finish (completed) in -Di'li Geçmiş Zaman . On the other hand the action is not seen or heard by the subject ( pronoun) and the action learned or known afterward in the Miş'li geçmiş zaman. but the basic past tense in Turkish is -Di'li Geçmiş zaman. we make the simple past tense in Turkish language with adding the addition -dı, - di, -du, -dü (-tı, -ti, -tu, -tü ) to the verb stem. now I am present you to table about the past tenses conjugation.
pronouns | conjugation | pronouns | conjugation |
---|---|---|---|
ben | gel - dim | I | came |
sen | gel - din | you | came |
o | gel - di | he/she/it | came |
biz | gel - dik | we | came |
siz | gel - diniz | you | came |
onlar | gel - diler | they | came |
Ben eve geldim. ( I came home). Pronoun + object + Verb stem + -dı, -di, -du, -dü .
Sen eve geldin. (You came home).
O eve geldi. (He came home).
Biz eve geldik. (We came home).
Siz eve geldiniz. (You came home).
Onlar eve geldiler. (They came home).
Other Lessons[edit | edit source]
- Count from 1 to 10
- Personal Pronouns
- The Inclusive Case in Turkish
- Prepositions
- Definite Articles in Turkish
- The Genitive Case in Turkish
- Comaratives and Superlatives
- REİTERATİVE
- Be Polite
- Questions