Language/Soninke/Pronunciation/Alphabet-and-pronunciation

Soninke is a Mande language spoken mainly in Mali, and also in Senegal, Ivory Coast, Gambia, Mauritania, Guinea-Bissau, Guinea and Ghana, by about 2.1 million people. Soninke has national language status in Mali, Senegal and Mauritania. The closest related languages are the Bozo languages of Mali and Nigeria.

Phonology

Consonants

		Labial	Alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Uvular	Glottal
Nasal		⟨m⟩ m	⟨n⟩ n	⟨ñ⟩ ɲ	⟨ŋ⟩ ŋ
Stop and Affricate	voiceless	⟨p⟩ p	⟨t⟩ t	⟨c⟩ t͡ʃ	⟨k⟩ k	⟨q⟩ q
	voiced	⟨b⟩ b	⟨d⟩ d	⟨j⟩ d͡ʒ	⟨g⟩ ɡ
Fricative		⟨f⟩ f	⟨s⟩ s		⟨x⟩ x ~ χ		⟨h⟩ h
Trill			⟨r⟩ r
Approximant		⟨w⟩ w	⟨l⟩ l	⟨y⟩ j

Vowels

	Front	Central	Back
Close	i, iː		u, uː
Close-mid	e, eː		o, oː
Open		a, aː

Long vowels are written double: aa, ee, ii, oo, uu.

Notes

• Soninke is a tonal language, however the tones are not usually marked, except in educational material.
• There are some differences in pronunciation of Soninke in different countries. In Mali, for example, the letters c, j and q are pronounced [t͡ʃ], [d͡ʒ] and [ʔ] respectively, whereas in Senegal they are pronounced [ɕ], [ʑ] and [q].
• Prenasalised consonants have an n before them, e.g. nb [ᵐb] and nd [ⁿd].
• Long vowels are doubled

Source

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soninke_language

• https://omniglot.com/writing/soninke.htm