Language/Odia/Pronunciation/Alphabet-and-Pronunciation
The odia alphasyllabary is a writing system generally used to write odia (formerly called oriya).
It is also called Utkala Lipi or Utkalakshara. it can also be used to transcribe other Indian languages, such as Sanskrit, especially in Odisha.
It originates from at least the 11th century. Like many scriptures in India, it derives from Brahmi through the Kalinga script.
The curved appearance of Oriya script is the result of it being written on palm leaves which tend to tear when many straight strokes are drawn.
As you finish your studies in this area, consider these associated subjects for further exploration: Animals, Fruits.
Vowels[edit | edit source]
Letter | Diacritic | IPA | ISO note |
---|---|---|---|
ଅ | ◌ | ɔ | a |
ଆ | ା | aː | ā |
ଇ | ି | i | i |
ଈ | ୀ | iː | ī |
ଉ | ୁ | u | u |
ଊ | ୂ | uː | ū |
ଋ | ୃ | ru | rū |
ୠ | ୄ | ruː | rūū |
ଌ | ୢ | lu | l̥ū |
ୡ | ୣ | luː | l̥ūū |
ଏ | େ | eː | e |
ଐ | ୈ | ɔi̭ | ai |
ଓ | ୋ | ɔ | o |
ଔ | ୌ | ɔṷ | ō |
ଁ | ɔ̃ | ã | |
ଂ | ɔŋ | aṁ | |
ଃ | ɔh | aḥ | |
୍ | (omit vowel) |
ହ୍ରସ୍ୱ Hraswa (Short vowel) | ଦୀର୍ଘ Dirgha (Long vowel) | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ସ୍ୱର
Vowel, Phoneme |
କାର(ମାତ୍ରା)
Diacritic, with କ୍(k) |
ସ୍ୱର
Vowel, Phoneme |
କାର(ମାତ୍ରା)
Diacritic, with କ୍(k) | ||||||
କଣ୍ଠ୍ୟ
(Guttural) |
ଅ | a(ɔ) | - | କ | ଆ | ā(a) | ା | କା | |
ତାଲବ୍ୟ
(Palatal) |
ଇ | i(i) | ି | କି | ଈ | ī(i) | ୀ | କୀ | |
ଓଷ୍ଠ୍ୟ
(Labial) |
ଉ | u(u) | ୁ | କୁ | ଊ | ū(u) | ୂ | କୂ | |
ମୂର୍ଦ୍ଧନ୍ୟ
(Retroflex) |
ଋ | r̥(ru) | ୃ | କୃ | ୠ | r̥̄(ru) | ୄ | କୄ | |
ଦନ୍ତ୍ୟ
(Retroflex) |
ଌ | l̥(lu) | ୢ | କୢ | ୡ | l̥̄(lu) | ୣ | କୣ | |
Other Vowels | |||||||||
କଣ୍ଠ୍ୟତାଲବ୍ୟ
(Palatoguttural) |
ଏ | e(e) | େ | କେ | ଐ | ai(ɔi) | ୈ | କୈ | |
କଣ୍ଠୌଷ୍ଠ୍ୟ
(Labioguttural) |
ଓ | o(o) | ୋ | କୋ | ଔ | au(ɔu) | ୌ | କୌ |
Consonants[edit | edit source]
Letter | IPA | ISO note |
---|---|---|
କ | kɔ | ka |
ଖ | kʰɔ | kha |
ଗ | gɔ | ga |
ଘ | gʱɔ | gha |
ଙ | ŋɔ | ṅa |
ଚ | t͡ʃɔ | ca |
ଛ | t͡ʃʰɔ | cha |
ଜ | d͡ʒɔ | ja |
ଝ | d͡ʒʱɔ | jha |
ଞ | ɲɔ | ña |
ଟ | ʈɔ | ṭa |
ଠ | ʈʰɔ | ṭha |
ଡ | ɖɔ | ḍa |
ଢ | ɖʱɔ | ḍha |
ଣ | ɳɔ | na |
ତ | tɔ | ta |
ଥ | tʰɔ | tha |
ଦ | dɔ | da |
ଧ | dʱɔ | dha |
ନ | nɔ | na |
ପ | pɔ | pa |
ଫ | pʰɔ | pha |
ବ | bɔ | ba |
ଭ | bʱɔ | bha |
ମ | mɔ | ma |
ଯ | d͡ʒɔ | ja |
ୟ | jɔ | ia |
ର | rɔ | ra |
ଲ | lɔ | la |
ଳ | ɭɔ | ḷa |
ଶ | sɔ | sa |
ଷ | sɔ | sa |
ସ | sɔ | sa |
ହ | hɔ | ha |
Structured consonants[edit | edit source]
The structured consonants are classified according to where the tongue touches the palate of the mouth and are classified accordingly into 5 structured groups. These consonants are shown in the table below:
Phonetics → | Plosive
ସ୍ପର୍ଶ sparśa |
Nasal
ଅନୁନାସିକ anunāsika | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Voicing → | Voiceless
ଅଘୋଷ aghoṣa |
Voiced
ଘୋଷ ghoṣa | ||||||||
Aspiration → | Unaspirated
ଅଳ୍ପପ୍ରାଣ aḻpaprāṇa |
Aspirated
ମହାପ୍ରାଣ mahāprāṇa |
Unaspirated
ଅଳ୍ପପ୍ରାଣ aḻpaprāṇa |
Aspirated
ମହାପ୍ରାଣ mahāprāṇa |
Unaspirated
ଅଳ୍ପପ୍ରାଣ aḻpaprāṇa | |||||
କଣ୍ଠ୍ୟ
Velar |
କ | ka (kɔ) | ଖ | kha (kʰɔ) | ଗ | ga (ɡɔ) | ଘ | gha (ɡʱɔ) | ଙ | ṅa (ŋɔ) |
ତାଲବ୍ୟ
Palatal |
ଚ | ca (tʃɔ) | ଛ | cha (tʃʰɔ) | ଜ | ja (dʒɔ) | ଝ | jha (dʒʱɔ) | ଞ | ña (ɲɔ) |
ମୂର୍ଦ୍ଧନ୍ୟ
Retroflex |
ଟ | ṭa (ʈɔ) | ଠ | ṭha (ʈʰɔ) | ଡ | ḍa (ɖɔ) | ଢ | ḍha (ɖʱɔ) | ଣ | ṇa (ɳɔ) |
ଦନ୍ତ୍ୟ
Dental |
ତ | ta (tɔ) | ଥ | tha (tʰɔ) | ଦ | da (dɔ) | ଧ | dha (dʱɔ) | ନ | na (nɔ) |
ଓଷ୍ଠ୍ୟ
Labial |
ପ | pa (pɔ) | ଫ | pha (pʰɔ) | ବ | ba (bɔ) | ଭ | bha (bʱɔ) | ମ | ma (mɔ) |
Unstructured consonants[edit | edit source]
The unstructured consonants are consonants that do not fall into any of the above structures:
Characteristics | Consonants | Phonetics | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Voiced unaspirated Palatal
used as Voiced postalveolar affricate Approximant (ଅନ୍ତଃସ୍ଥ antaḥstha) |
ଯ | ẏa (dʒɔ) | antaḥstha ja | |
Voiced unaspirated Palatal
Approximant (ଅନ୍ତଃସ୍ଥ antaḥstha) |
ୟ | ya (jɔ) | ya | |
Voiced unaspirated Retroflex
Approximant (ଅନ୍ତଃସ୍ଥ antaḥstha) |
ର | ra (ɾɔ) | ra | |
Voiced retroflex lateral approximant | ଳ | ḷa (ɭɔ) | ḷa | |
Voiced unaspirated Dental
Approximant (ଅନ୍ତଃସ୍ଥ antaḥstha) |
ଲ | la (lɔ) | la | |
Voiced unaspirated Labial
Approximant (ଅନ୍ତଃସ୍ଥ antaḥstha) |
ୱ | wa (wɔ) | wa
(also ଅବର୍ଗ୍ୟ ବ abargya ba) | |
Voiced unaspirated Palatal Sibilant
Fricative (ଊଷ୍ମ ūṣma) |
ଶ | śa (sɔ) | talabya sa
(ତାଲବ୍ୟ) | |
Voiced unaspirated Retroflex Sibilant
Fricative (ଊଷ୍ମ ūṣma) |
ଷ | ṣa (sɔ) | murddhanya sa
(ମୂର୍ଦ୍ଧନ୍ୟ) | |
Voiced unaspirated Dental Sibilant
Fricative (ଊଷ୍ମ ūṣma) |
ସ | sa (sɔ) | dantya sa
(ଦନ୍ତ୍ୟ) | |
Voiced aspirated Guttural
Fricative (ଊଷ୍ମ ūṣma) |
ହ | ha (ɦɔ) | ha | |
Voiced retroflex flap | ଡ଼ | ṛa (ɽɔ) | ḍa | |
Voiced retroflex flap | ଢ଼ | ṛha (ɽʰɔ) | ḍha | |
Conjunct of କ & ଷ | କ୍ଷ | kṣa | kha/khya |
Video[edit | edit source]