Language/Korean/Grammar/How-to-Use-Have
Hi Korean learners! π
In this lesson, you will learn how to use the verb "to have" in Korean. We will go through the different forms and contexts in which it can be used. By the end of the lesson, you will be able to use "to have" confidently in your Korean conversations. Don't forget to practice with native speakers on the Polyglot Club and ask them any questions.
Basic usage[edit | edit source]
"To have" in Korean is the verb "κ°μ§λ€" (gajida). Its basic usage is to indicate possession. It is conjugated differently depending on the tense and formality of the sentence.
Here are some examples:
Korean | Pronunciation | English |
---|---|---|
λλ κ³ μμ΄λ₯Ό κ°μ§κ³ μλ€. | naneun goyangireul gajigo itda. | I have a cat. (formal) |
μ°λ¦¬λ μκ°μ΄ μλ€. | urineun sigani eopsda. | We don't have time. (informal) |
λλ λμ΄ λ§μ΄ μμ΄. | naneun doni mani isseo. | I have a lot of money. (informal) |
In these examples, the verb "κ°μ§λ€" (gajida) is conjugated to match the subject of the sentence (I, we, etc.) and the formality level. "κ°μ§κ³ μλ€" (gajigo itda) is the formal way to say "have" in Korean. "μλ€" (itda) can also be used in informal situations, but "κ°μ§λ€" (gajida) is preferred in most cases.
Describing something you have[edit | edit source]
You can use descriptive words to talk about things you have. It's important to note that in Korean, adjectives come before the noun.
Here are some examples:
- Person 1: λ΄μΌμ λΉκ° μ¬ κ² κ°μ. (naeireun biga ol geot gata.) - I think it will rain tomorrow.
- Person 2: μ°μ°μ μμ΄? (usaneul isseo?) - Do you have an umbrella?
- Person 1: λ€, μ€λλ νλμ μ°μ°μ΄ μμ΄. (ne, oraedoen paransaek usani isseo.) - Yes, I have an old blue umbrella.
In this example, Person 1 uses the descriptive words "μ€λλ" (oraedoen) meaning old and "νλμ" (paransaek) meaning blue before the noun "μ°μ°" (usaneul) meaning umbrella.
Expressing obligation or necessity[edit | edit source]
The verb "κ°μ§λ€" (gajida) can also be used to express obligation or necessity. In these cases, it is often used in the negative form.
Here are some examples:
- Person 1: λ΄μΌ μ°λ¦¬ λͺ¨μ μμμ? (naeil uri moim itjanha?) - We have a meeting tomorrow, don't we?
- Person 2: μ, μ΄λ² μ£Όλ§μ λ€λ₯Έ μΌμ΄ μμ΄μ μ΄λ €μΈ κ² κ°μ. (eum, ibeon jumare dareun iri isseoseo eoryeoul geot gata.) - Um, I have something else going on this weekend, so it seems difficult.
- Person 1: κ·Όλ° μ°Έμν΄μΌ λΌ, μ€μν μΌμ΄μΌ. (geunde chamsukhaeya dwae, jungyohan iriya.) - But you have to attend, it's an important event.
- Person 2: κ·ΈλΌ μ°λ¦¬ νμ¬μμ μλ‘ μ¨ μ¬μνν λΆνν΄. (geureom uri hoesaeseo saero on sawonhante butakhae.) - Then let's ask the new employee at our company to do it.
In this example, Person 1 uses the phrase "μ°Έμν΄μΌ λΌ" (chamsukhaeya dwae) meaning "have to attend" to express the obligation to attend the meeting. Person 2 responds with the phrase "λΆνν΄" (butakhae) meaning "ask for a favor" to suggest a solution.
Expressing experience[edit | edit source]
The verb "κ°μ§λ€" (gajida) can also be used to express experience in the past. In this case, it is often used in the present perfect form.
Here are some examples:
- Person 1: λ μΌλ³Έμ κ°λ΄€μ΄? (neo ilbone gaboasseo?) - Have you been to Japan?
- Person 2: λ€, μ¬λ¦μ μΌλ³Έ μ¬ν κ°μ λ κ°λ΄€μ΄. (ne, yeoreume ilbon yeohaeng gasseul ttae gaboasseo.) - Yes, I went to Japan during the summer and have been there.
- Person 1: μ΄λ? (eottae?) - How was it?
- Person 2: μΌλ³Έμ λ§€μ° μλ¦λ€μ μ΄! (ilboneun maeu areumdawosseo!) - It was very beautiful!
In this example, Person 1 uses the expression "κ°λ΄€μ΄?" (gaboasseo?) meaning "have you been?" to ask about Person 2's experience. Person 2 responds in the present perfect form using "κ°μ λ κ°λ΄€μ΄" (gasseul ttae gaboasseo) meaning "have been there before."
Conclusion[edit | edit source]
In this lesson, you learned how to use the verb "to have" in Korean to indicate possession, obligation, necessity, and experience. Remember to practice these forms with native speakers on the Polyglot Club and ask them any questions. Using "to have" can make your Korean conversations more natural and help you express yourself more accurately.
β‘ If you have any questions, please ask them in the comments section below.
β‘ Feel free to edit this wiki page if you think it can be improved. π
Great work on completing this lesson! Take a moment to investigate these connected pages: Subject and Object Markers & Conditional Sentences.
Videos[edit | edit source]
Korean Grammar - How to Use ~(μΌ)λ¬ κ°λ€/μ€λ€ (to go/come to do ...[edit | edit source]
Korean Grammar: How to Use μμ (you know) - YouTube[edit | edit source]
Other Lessons[edit | edit source]
- Questions
- Future Tense
- Plurals
- How to Use Be
- Gender
- Give your Opinion
- Conditional Mood
- Negation
- Adjectives
Sources[edit | edit source]
- Korean Grammar: A Beginner's Guide
- Korean Grammar In Use: Beginning To Early Intermediate by Jean ...
- KOREAN GRAMMAR IN USE : BEGINNING: Ahn Jean-Myung, Lee ...