Language/Japanese/Grammar/Particles-に-and-で/hy
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に and で[edit | edit source]
こんにちは! (Konnichiwa!) Welcome to our lesson on Japanese particles に and で. As a complete beginner, learning these particles is essential to being able to express time, place, instrument, and means in Japanese sentences.
Particle に[edit | edit source]
Particle に (ni) is used to indicate the destination of an action or movement. It is also used to express time when it is a specific point in time, such as a date, month, or time.
Here are some examples:
Japanese | Pronunciation | Armenian |
---|---|---|
東京に行きます | Tōkyō ni ikimasu | Ես գնում եմ Տոկիույուն |
六月に日本へ行く | Rokugatsu ni Nihon e iku | երրորդը հունիսին ես գնում եմ Ճապոնիա |
In the first example, the particle に indicates the destination, which is Tokyo. In the second example, the particle に indicates the time, which is June.
Particle に can also be used to indicate the indirect object of a sentence. In such cases, it is often paired with a verb of giving or receiving.
Here is an example:
Japanese | Pronunciation | Armenian |
---|---|---|
私は友達にプレゼントをあげました | Watashi wa tomodachi ni purezento o agemashita | Ես իմ ընկերուհունը՝ ինձ նվիրաբանելու համար, նվիրաբանում է նոր պատվեր |
In this example, the particle に indicates the indirect object, which is the friend who receives the gift.
Particle で[edit | edit source]
Particle で (de) is used to indicate the location or means of an action. It is also used to indicate the instrument or tool used to perform an action.
Here are some examples:
Japanese | Pronunciation | Armenian |
---|---|---|
飛行機で日本へ行く | Hikōki de Nihon e iku | ես գնում եմ Ճապոնիա ֆուտով |
ペンで手紙を書きます | Pen de tegami o kakimasu | Ես նամակ գրում եմ պատրաստած պենով |
In the first example, the particle で indicates the means of transportation, which is an airplane. In the second example, the particle で indicates the instrument used to write the letter, which is a pen.
Particle で can also be used to indicate the duration of an action or state. In such cases, it is often paired with a verb of existence or action.
Here is an example:
Japanese | Pronunciation | Armenian |
---|---|---|
私は一時間で宿題を終えました | Watashi wa ichijikan de shukudai o oemashita | Ես մի ժամվա ընթացքում ավարտեցի իմ դասախոսուհին տրված տարբերակը |
In this example, the particle で indicates the duration of time it took to finish the homework.
Differences between に and で[edit | edit source]
While both particles express location and time, they have different nuances. Particle に (ni) is used to indicate a specific point in time or a destination, while particle で (de) is used to indicate a means of transportation or an instrument used to perform an action.
Here are some examples that highlight the differences:
Japanese | Pronunciation | Armenian |
---|---|---|
七時に学校に行く | Shichiji ni gakkō ni iku | Ես գնում եմ դպրոցում յուրաքանչյուր շաբաթ շաբաթ |
電車で東京へ行く | Densha de Tōkyō e iku | Ես գնում եմ Տոկիույուն փոխարեն |
In the first example, particle に (ni) is used to indicate a specific point in time, which is 7 o'clock. Particle に (ni) is also used to indicate the destination, which is school.
In the second example, particle で (de) is used to indicate the means of transportation, which is a train. Particle へ (e) is used to indicate the destination, which is Tokyo.
Practice Exercise[edit | edit source]
Now that you have learned about particles に and で, let's practice using them in sentences.
- Exercise 1: Use particle に to fill in the blank in the following sentence:
私は明日____東京に行きます。 (Watashi wa ashita ____ Tōkyō ni ikimasu.)
Answer: 私は明日東京に行きます。 (Watashi wa ashita Tōkyō ni ikimasu.)
- Exercise 2: Use particle で to fill in the blank in the following sentence:
私は車____学校に行きます。 (Watashi wa kuruma ____ gakkō ni ikimasu.)
Answer: 私は車で学校に行きます。 (Watashi wa kuruma de gakkō ni ikimasu.)
- Exercise 3: Translate the following sentence into Japanese:
I will write a letter with a pen.
Answer: 私はペンで手紙を書きます。 (Watashi wa pen de tegami o kakimasu.)
Conclusion[edit | edit source]
Congratulations! You have learned how to use particles に and で in Japanese sentences. Keep practicing to improve your skills and become more fluent. がんばって!(Ganbatte!)