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TOEFL Practice - Altruistic behaviours
- In the lecture, the teacher questions two behaviours in both animal and human societies that are considered altruistic in the reading passage.
- She explains how, according to her, they do not fully correspond to the definition of altruistic acts.
- First, she talks about the sentinel meerkat: some studies of meerkats' eating habits have shown they usually eat before they stand guard.
- Thus, the sentinel meerkat does not "go without food while the others eat" as written in the text.
- Moreover, the sentinel meerkat usually stands near a burrow: hence, it can be the first to escape a predator by jumping into the burrow right after having given the alarm.
- Besides, when the other members of the meerkat's group hear the alarm, they tend to either gather or move about together, drawing the predator's attention away from the caller.
- The lecturer shows that the sentinel behaviour is not as altruistic as the writer thinks.
- Last, the teacher explains that a person who gives his or her kidney to a family member (or even to a stranger) does gain something from it: the donor is rewarded with the receiver's appreciation, society's approval, and a rise of self-worth.
- This strongly opposes the reading passage, that states that this altruistic act provides "little reward to the one performing the act", while the donor actually gains something valuable as well.
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