Language/German/Grammar/Expressing-Abilities/kk
Modal Verbs[өңдеу | қайнарын өңдеу]
Modal verbs are essential in German. They are used to express abilities, permission, and obligation. In this lesson, we will focus on using modal verbs to express abilities.
Modal Verbs for Expressing Abilities[өңдеу | қайнарын өңдеу]
The modal verbs used to express abilities are "können" and "dürfen."
Können[өңдеу | қайнарын өңдеу]
"Können" means "can" or "to be able to." It is used to express the ability to do something.
Example:
German | Pronunciation | Kazakh |
---|---|---|
Ich kann Deutsch sprechen. | [ɪç kʰan ˈdɔʏtʃ ˈʃpreːçən] | Мен немісінің тілін айтуға болады. |
Du kannst schwimmen. | [du kʰanst ˈʃvɪmən] | Сен жүзу үйрей алады. |
Sie kann heute nicht kommen. | [ziː kʰan ˈhɔʏ̯tə nɪçt ˈkɔmən] | Ол бүгін келе алмайды. |
Wir können morgen ins Kino gehen. | [vɪr kʰönnən ˈmɔrgn̩ ɪns ˈkiːno ˈɡeːən] | Біз кешегі киноға баруға боладық. |
Ihr könnt die Hausaufgaben machen. | [iːr könt diː ˈhaʊ̯sʔaʊ̯fɡaːbn̩ ˈmaːçn̩] | Сіз жинақтаманы жасауға боладыңыз. |
Sie können gut kochen. | [ziː kʰönnən ɡuːt ˈkɔçn̩] | Олар жақсы тағам пісіруге болады. |
Dürfen[өңдеу | қайнарын өңдеу]
"Dürfen" means "may" or "to be allowed to." It is used to express permission to do something.
Example:
German | Pronunciation | Kazakh |
---|---|---|
Ich darf nicht rausgehen. | [ɪç dɑrf nɪçt raʊ̯sˈɡeːən] | Мен сондай-ақ қабатты шығуға болмайды. |
Du darfst hier nicht rauchen. | [du darfst hiːɐ̯ nɪçt ˈʁaʊ̯çən] | Сіз бұл жерде тұтқанша болмайды. |
Sie darf das Buch behalten. | [ziː dɑrf das buːç bəˈhaltən] | Ол кітапты сақтауға болады. |
Wir dürfen nicht zu spät kommen. | [vɪr ˈdʏr̥fən nɪçt tsu ʃpɛt ˈkɔmən] | Біз кешуге қашан келмей аламыз. |
Ihr dürft heute früher nach Hause gehen. | [iːr dʏrft ˈhɔʏ̯tə ˈfʁyːə nax ˈhaʊ̯sə ˈɡeːən] | Сіз бүгін балаңызды тезеру күнінен тұрғанда босқа бағытта бола аласыз. |
Sie dürfen das Auto nicht fahren. | [ziː dʏrfən das ˈʔaʊ̯to nɪçt ˈfaːʁən] | Олар машинаға баспау керек емес. |
Word Order with Modal Verbs[өңдеу | қайнарын өңдеу]
When using modal verbs, the word order changes. The modal verb is in second position, and the infinitive verb goes to the end of the sentence.
Example:
- Ich kann Deutsch sprechen. -> Ich kann Deutsch sprechen.
- Du darfst hier nicht rauchen. -> Du darfst hier nicht rauchen.
Asking for Permission[өңдеу | қайнарын өңдеу]
To ask for permission in German, you can use the phrase "Darf ich...?" or "Kann ich...?"
Example:
- Darf ich das Fenster öffnen? -> May I open the window?
- Kann ich bitte gehen? -> Can I please leave?
Exercises[өңдеу | қайнарын өңдеу]
Now let's practice what we have learned!
Exercise 1: Conjugate the modal verbs "können" and "dürfen" in the present tense for the following pronouns:
- ich
- du
- er/sie/es
- wir
- ihr
- sie
Exercise 2: Fill in the blank with the correct form of "können":
- Ich _____ Deutsch sprechen.
Exercise 3: Fill in the blank with the correct form of "dürfen":
- Wir _____ nicht zu spät kommen.
Exercise 4: Rewrite the following sentences using modal verbs:
- Ich gehe spazieren. -> ____ ich spazieren ____.
- Wir essen Pizza. -> ____ wir Pizza ____.
Conclusion[өңдеу | қайнарын өңдеу]
In this lesson, we have learned how to use modal verbs to express abilities and ask for permission. Keep practicing, and you will improve your German skills in no time!
Басқа сабақтар[өңдеу | қайнарын өңдеу]
- Complete 0 to A1 Course → Grammar → Descriptive Adjectives
- 0 to A1 Course → Grammar → Using Prepositions
- 0 to A1 Course → Grammar → Plural Forms
- 0 to A1 Course → Grammar → Two-Way Prepositions
- 0 to A1 Kurs → Grammatik → Verpflichtungen ausdrücken
- 0-тен A1-ге дейінгі толық курс → Grammar → Тақырып және Қосылған Сөйлем
- 0 to A1 Course → Grammar → Possessive Pronouns
- 0 to A1 Course
- 0 dan A1 Dersi → Grammar → Fiiil Çekimleri
- 0 to A1 Course → Grammar → Personal Pronouns
- 0 to A1 Course → Grammar → Cases: Nominative and Accusative
- 0 to A1 Course → Grammar → Comparative and Superlative Forms
- Курсты 0-ден A1-ге → Grammar → Қазіргі уақыт
- 0 to A1 Course → Grammar → Temporal Prepositions