Difference between revisions of "Language/Welsh/Grammar/Negation"

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<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Welsh|Welsh]]  → [[Language/Welsh/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Welsh/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Questions and Negation → Negation</div>
<div class="pg_page_title">Welsh Grammar - Negation</div>
 
Hi [https://polyglotclub.com/language/welsh Welsh] learners! 😊<br>In this lesson, we will learn about negation, which is the process of denying or negating a statement in [https://polyglotclub.com/language/welsh Welsh] using negative words. It's important to master negation as it will help you express what you don't want or what you're not doing. We will cover the negative particles "dimm" and "na", as well as the negative pronouns and adverbs. But before we dive into the grammar, let's first learn some cultural information about negation in [https://polyglotclub.com/language/welsh Welsh].
 
Welsh culture sees negation as a polite way to express things without offending others, especially when refusing invitations or turning down offers. For example, if someone offers you a drink and you don't want one, it's polite to say "na, diolch" (no, thank you) rather than directly refusing by saying "I don't want one". Additionally, knowing how to negate a sentence or proposition can come in handy in social situations, allowing you to clearly express yourself without seeming rude or too direct.
 
Now that we've learned about the cultural aspect of negation, let's move on to the grammar.
 
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Introduction:
Welcome to the lesson on negation in Welsh! In this lesson, we will learn how to form negative sentences in Welsh, including using 'not' and 'never' in different contexts. Understanding negation is crucial for effective communication, as it allows us to express negation or denial in our language. By the end of this lesson, you will have a solid understanding of how to form negative sentences in Welsh.


<span link>After mastering this lesson, these related pages might interest you: [[Language/Welsh/Grammar/Plurals|Plurals]], [[Language/Welsh/Grammar/How-to-Use-Be|How to Use Be]] & [[Language/Welsh/Grammar/How-to-Use-Have|How to Use Have]].</span>
Negation in Welsh:
== Negative Particles ==
In Welsh, we can form negative sentences by using the word 'nid' or 'dydy' before the verb. These negative particles are used to express negation or denial. Let's look at some examples to understand how negation works in Welsh:


In [https://polyglotclub.com/language/welsh Welsh], there are two main negative particles: "dimm" and "na".  
- Dw i'n hoffi coffi. (I like coffee.)
- Dydy hi ddim yn hoffi coffi. (She doesn't like coffee.)


=== Dimm ===
In the second sentence, we can see that the word 'dydy' is used before the verb 'ddim' to form a negative sentence. This pattern applies to most verbs in Welsh. Now, let's explore some other examples to reinforce our understanding:


"Dimm" is used to negate a verb in Welsh. It is equivalent to "not" in English. Here are some examples:
- Mae'r ci yn ffrind da. (The dog is a good friend.)
- Nid yw'r ci yn ffrind da. (The dog is not a good friend.)


{| class="wikitable"
Here, we can see that the word 'nid' is used before the verb 'yw' to form a negative sentence. It's important to note that the word 'nid' changes to 'dydy' in the present tense. Let's look at another example:
! Welsh !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| Dw i ddim yn hoffi te || /du i ðɪm ən hɔfɪ tɛ/ || I do not like tea
|-
| Mae hi ddim yn yr ystafell || /maɪ hi ðɪm ən ər əsˈtafɛɬ/ || She is not in the room
|-
| Dw i ddim yn mynd allan heno || /du i ðɪm ən mɪnd ˈaɬan ˈhɛnɔ/ || I am not going out tonight
|}


Notice how "dimm" comes before the verb and it is not separated by any auxiliary verb as in English.
- Mae'r blodwen yn flodeuo. (The flower is blooming.)
- Nid yw'r blodwen yn flodeuo. (The flower is not blooming.)


=== Na ===
In this example, we can see that the word 'nid' is used before the verb 'yw' to form a negative sentence. It's important to note that the word 'nid' doesn't change to 'dydy' in this case. The choice between 'nid' and 'dydy' depends on the verb being used. Let's explore more examples to understand this further.


"Na" is used to negate nouns and adjectives in Welsh. It is similar to "not a" in English. Here are some examples:
Using 'Not' and 'Never':
In addition to using 'nid' or 'dydy' to form negative sentences, we can also use the words 'dim' (not) and 'erioed' (never) to express negation in Welsh. Let's look at some examples:


{| class="wikitable"
- Dw i'n mynd i'r siop. (I am going to the shop.)
! Welsh !! Pronunciation !! English
- Dw i ddim yn mynd i'r siop. (I am not going to the shop.)
|-
| Dw i'n hoffi car du, ond mae'r naill ar gael || /du iːn hɔfɪ kar diː, ɔnd maɪr naiɬ ar gaɪl/ || I like the black car, but the other one is not available
|-
| Dwi'n moyn bwyta cig, ond does dim rhai yma || /dwɪn moin bʊɪta kɪɡ, ɔnd dɔs dɪm rhaɪ əma/ || I want to eat meat, but there's not any here
|}


In both of these examples, "na" is used before the noun or adjective to state that the object or quality is not present.
Here, we can see that the word 'ddim' is used after the verb to express negation. Now, let's look at an example using 'erioed':


== Negative Pronouns and Adverbs ==
- Dw i'n chwarae pêl-droed yn aml. (I play football often.)
- Dw i'n chwarae pêl-droed erioed. (I never play football.)


In [https://polyglotclub.com/language/welsh Welsh], there are three negative pronouns: "dim", "un", and "llawer o'r".  
In this example, we can see that the word 'erioed' is used after the verb to express negation. It's important to note that when using 'erioed', we don't use 'ddim' after the verb. Let's explore more examples to solidify our understanding.


* "Dim" means "none" or "not any" and is used with singular and plural nouns. Here is an example:
Cultural Insight:
The usage of negation in Welsh is similar to that of English, but with some regional variations. In some dialects of Welsh, the word 'dim' is used instead of 'ddim' to express negation. For example, instead of saying 'Dw i ddim yn mynd i'r siop', some speakers may say 'Dw i dim yn mynd i'r siop'. This regional variation adds to the richness and diversity of the Welsh language.


{| class="wikitable"
Exercises:
! Welsh !! Pronunciation !! English
Now, let's put our knowledge into practice with some exercises. Translate the following sentences into Welsh, using the appropriate negation forms:
|-
| Mae dim cig ar gael || /maɪ ðɪm kɪɡ ar gaɪl/ || There is no meat available
|}


* "Un" means "not a single" and is used with singular nouns only. Here's an example:
1. She is not coming to the party.
2. I don't like spicy food.
3. They never go to the cinema.
4. We are not going on holiday this year.
5. He doesn't play the guitar.


{| class="wikitable"
Solutions:
! Welsh !! Pronunciation !! English
Here are the solutions to the exercises:
|-
| Dwi'n moyn pryd unwaith eto || /dwɪn moin prɪd ˈənwaiθ ˈɛtɔ/ || I want not a single meal again
|}


* "Llawer o'r" means "not many" and is used with plural nouns. Here's an example:
1. Nid yw hi'n dod i'r parti.
2. Dydw i ddim yn hoffi bwyd pica.
3. Dydynt hwy byth yn mynd i'r sinema.
4. Nid ydym ni'n mynd ar wyliau eleni.
5. Dyw e ddim yn chwarae'r gitâr.


{| class="wikitable"
In these sentences, we can see the appropriate use of negation forms to express the desired meaning.
! Welsh !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| Mae llawer o'r bobl yn anhapus || /maɪ ˈɬaʊɛr ɔr ˈpɔbl ən anˈhappɪs/ || Many people are unhappy
|}


There are also negative adverbs in Welsh, which convey the idea of "not yet" and "not anymore".
Conclusion:
Congratulations! You have successfully learned how to form negative sentences in Welsh. You now have the knowledge and skills to express negation in your conversations. Remember to practice using negation in different contexts to become more comfortable with the language. Keep up the great work, and continue exploring the fascinating world of the Welsh language!


* "Heb" means "without" or "not yet". Here's an example:
{{#seo:
{| class="wikitable"
|title=Welsh Grammar → Questions and Negation → Negation
! Welsh !! Pronunciation !! English
|keywords=Welsh grammar, negation in Welsh, Welsh language, Welsh lessons, Welsh course
|-
|description=In this lesson, you will learn how to form negative sentences in Welsh, including using 'not' and 'never' in different contexts. Understanding negation is crucial for effective communication, as it allows us to express negation or denial in our language.
| Dw i heb hoffi sushi eto || /du i ˈhɛb ˈhɔfɪ ˈsuʃi ˈɛtɔ/ || I don't like sushi yet
}}
|}


* "Ddim yn fwy" means "no longer" or "not anymore". Here's an example:
{{Welsh-0-to-A1-Course-TOC}}


{| class="wikitable"
[[Category:Course]]
! Welsh !! Pronunciation !! English
[[Category:Welsh-Course]]
|-
[[Category:0-to-A1-Course]]
| Dw i ddim yn fwy yn mynd i'r gwaith ar y Sul || /du i ðɪm ən vəʊɨn mɪnd ɪr ɡwaɪθ ar ə sɪl/ || I no longer go to work on Sundays
[[Category:Welsh-0-to-A1-Course]]
|}
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== Dialogue ==
 
To help you better understand the usage of negation, let's have a dialogue:
 
* Person 1: Dych chi'n hoffi coffi? (/dʌχ xiːn hɔfɪ ˈkɔfi/ - Do you like coffee?)
* Person 2: No, dw i ddim yn hoffi coffi. (/no, du i ðɪm ən ˈhɔfɪ ˈkɔfi/ - No, I don't like coffee)
 
== Conclusion ==


Now that you've learned about negation in [https://polyglotclub.com/language/welsh Welsh], it's time to practice! Use [https://polyglotclub.com/find-friends.php?search=send&d=0&f=36&offre1=141 Find native speakers] and ask them any [https://polyglotclub.com/language/welsh/question questions] you may have to improve your language skills. Remember that mastering negation will allow you to express yourself more clearly in social situations. For more information about [https://polyglotclub.com/language/welsh Welsh] [https://polyglotclub.com/language/welsh/grammar Grammar], visit the [[Language/Welsh/Grammar|Grammar]] page. Diolch am ddarllen! (Thanks for reading!)


<hr>➡ If you have any questions, please ask them in the comments section below.<br>➡ Feel free to edit this wiki page if you think it can be improved. 😎


<span class='maj'></span>
==Sources==
==Sources==
* [https://users.aber.ac.uk/bmj/Ymchwil/Negative%20Preverbal%20Particles%20in%20Informal%20Welsh.pdf Clause Types and Negative Preverbal Particles in Informal Welsh]
* [https://users.aber.ac.uk/bmj/Ymchwil/Negative%20Preverbal%20Particles%20in%20Informal%20Welsh.pdf Clause Types and Negative Preverbal Particles in Informal Welsh]
* [http://learn101.org/welsh_grammar.php Welsh Grammar | LEARN101.ORG]
* [http://learn101.org/welsh_grammar.php Welsh Grammar | LEARN101.ORG]


==Other Lessons==
==Other Lessons==
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* [[Language/Welsh/Grammar/Conditional-Mood|Conditional Mood]]
* [[Language/Welsh/Grammar/Conditional-Mood|Conditional Mood]]
* [[Language/Welsh/Grammar/Pronouns|Pronouns]]
* [[Language/Welsh/Grammar/Pronouns|Pronouns]]


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Latest revision as of 04:06, 23 June 2023

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Welsh → Grammar → 0 to A1 Course → Questions and Negation → Negation

Introduction: Welcome to the lesson on negation in Welsh! In this lesson, we will learn how to form negative sentences in Welsh, including using 'not' and 'never' in different contexts. Understanding negation is crucial for effective communication, as it allows us to express negation or denial in our language. By the end of this lesson, you will have a solid understanding of how to form negative sentences in Welsh.

Negation in Welsh: In Welsh, we can form negative sentences by using the word 'nid' or 'dydy' before the verb. These negative particles are used to express negation or denial. Let's look at some examples to understand how negation works in Welsh:

- Dw i'n hoffi coffi. (I like coffee.) - Dydy hi ddim yn hoffi coffi. (She doesn't like coffee.)

In the second sentence, we can see that the word 'dydy' is used before the verb 'ddim' to form a negative sentence. This pattern applies to most verbs in Welsh. Now, let's explore some other examples to reinforce our understanding:

- Mae'r ci yn ffrind da. (The dog is a good friend.) - Nid yw'r ci yn ffrind da. (The dog is not a good friend.)

Here, we can see that the word 'nid' is used before the verb 'yw' to form a negative sentence. It's important to note that the word 'nid' changes to 'dydy' in the present tense. Let's look at another example:

- Mae'r blodwen yn flodeuo. (The flower is blooming.) - Nid yw'r blodwen yn flodeuo. (The flower is not blooming.)

In this example, we can see that the word 'nid' is used before the verb 'yw' to form a negative sentence. It's important to note that the word 'nid' doesn't change to 'dydy' in this case. The choice between 'nid' and 'dydy' depends on the verb being used. Let's explore more examples to understand this further.

Using 'Not' and 'Never': In addition to using 'nid' or 'dydy' to form negative sentences, we can also use the words 'dim' (not) and 'erioed' (never) to express negation in Welsh. Let's look at some examples:

- Dw i'n mynd i'r siop. (I am going to the shop.) - Dw i ddim yn mynd i'r siop. (I am not going to the shop.)

Here, we can see that the word 'ddim' is used after the verb to express negation. Now, let's look at an example using 'erioed':

- Dw i'n chwarae pêl-droed yn aml. (I play football often.) - Dw i'n chwarae pêl-droed erioed. (I never play football.)

In this example, we can see that the word 'erioed' is used after the verb to express negation. It's important to note that when using 'erioed', we don't use 'ddim' after the verb. Let's explore more examples to solidify our understanding.

Cultural Insight: The usage of negation in Welsh is similar to that of English, but with some regional variations. In some dialects of Welsh, the word 'dim' is used instead of 'ddim' to express negation. For example, instead of saying 'Dw i ddim yn mynd i'r siop', some speakers may say 'Dw i dim yn mynd i'r siop'. This regional variation adds to the richness and diversity of the Welsh language.

Exercises: Now, let's put our knowledge into practice with some exercises. Translate the following sentences into Welsh, using the appropriate negation forms:

1. She is not coming to the party. 2. I don't like spicy food. 3. They never go to the cinema. 4. We are not going on holiday this year. 5. He doesn't play the guitar.

Solutions: Here are the solutions to the exercises:

1. Nid yw hi'n dod i'r parti. 2. Dydw i ddim yn hoffi bwyd pica. 3. Dydynt hwy byth yn mynd i'r sinema. 4. Nid ydym ni'n mynd ar wyliau eleni. 5. Dyw e ddim yn chwarae'r gitâr.

In these sentences, we can see the appropriate use of negation forms to express the desired meaning.

Conclusion: Congratulations! You have successfully learned how to form negative sentences in Welsh. You now have the knowledge and skills to express negation in your conversations. Remember to practice using negation in different contexts to become more comfortable with the language. Keep up the great work, and continue exploring the fascinating world of the Welsh language!

Table of Contents - Welsh Course - 0 to A1[edit source]


Greetings and Introductions


Pronouns and Verbs


Numbers and Time


Questions and Negation


Family and Relationships


Adjectives and Adverbs


Food and Drink


Prepositions and Conjunctions


Welsh Traditions and Celebrations


Hobbies and Leisure


Present Continuous and Future


Travel and Transportation


Welsh Literature and History


Sources[edit | edit source]


Other Lessons[edit | edit source]



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