Difference between revisions of "Language/Standard-arabic/Pronunciation/Alphabet-and-Pronunciation"

From Polyglot Club WIKI
Jump to navigation Jump to search
m (Quick edit)
 
(43 intermediate revisions by 11 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
Hello everyone!
<div class="pg_page_title">Standard Arabic Alphabet and Pronunciation</div>
[[File:Arabic-Language-PolyglotClub.png|thumb]]
[[File:arabic-alphabet-and-pronunciation-1.jpg|thumb]]
Hi Arabic learners, 🌍


We are going to talk about the letters and how you spell them In Arabic ... So let's start:
In today's lesson, you will learn how to write the different letters of the [[Language/Standard-arabic/Pronunciation/Letters|Standard Arabic alphabet]], how to pronounce these letters whether it is through the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA), or through a video with the pronunciation of the letters by a native speaker. You will also find at the end of this lesson a virtual keyboard to be able to type each special character of this language.


In Arabic we have Letters like ( '''ا ب ت ث ج ح ....''').
As you progress in your Arabic learning journey, you might be interested in exploring the unique [[Language/Standard-arabic/Pronunciation/Dhad-language-ض|Dhad language ض]] and understanding the nuances of the [[Language/Standard-arabic/Pronunciation/Lebanese-Accent|Standard Arabic Pronunciation - Lebanese Accent]].


These letters have pronunciation.
Enjoy your Arabic learning adventure! 😊
__TOC__


Then we have these small Symbols (  َ - ُ - ِ ) (  ً - ٌ - ٍ ) (  ّ ) (  ْ).
==Standard Arabic Alphabet and IPA Pronunciation==


When we add those Symbols to the Letter it will change their pronunciation ...


Well not very different but it will look like we say the letter with a second letter or more ....


So I'll give Examples and see:


We will start with the first three symbols: ( َ  ) ( ُ  ) ( ِ  )  
{| class="wikitable"
! rowspan="2" |Name
! rowspan="2" |IPA
! colspan="4" |Letter
|-
!Final
!Medial
!Initial
!Isolated
|-
|ألف (Alefun)
|/aː/, /ʔ/
| colspan="2" |ـا
| colspan="2" |ا
|-
|باء (Ba'on)
|/b/
|ـب
|ـبـ
|بـ
|ب
|-
|تاء ( Ta'on)
|/t/
|ـت
|ـتـ
|تـ
|ت
|-
|ثاء (THa'on) like"<u>th</u>erapy"
|/θ/
|ـث
|ـثـ
|ثـ
|ث
|-
|جيم (Jeemun)
|/d͡ʒ/
|ـج
|ـجـ
|جـ
|ج
|-
|حاء (ha'on)
|/ħ/
|ـح
|ـحـ
|حـ
|ح
|-
|خاء (khaa'on)
|/x/
|ـخ
|ـخـ
|خـ
|خ
|-
|دال (daalun)
|/d/
| colspan="2" |ـد
| colspan="2" |د
|-
|ذال (daalun ) like "''<u>th</u>''e moon"
|/ð/
| colspan="2" |ـذ
| colspan="2" |ذ
|-
|راء (raa'on) like "room"
|/r/
| colspan="2" |ـر
| colspan="2" |ر
|-
|زاي (zaa'ye)
|/z/
| colspan="2" |ـز
| colspan="2" |ز
|-
|سين (seenun) like "I see"
|/s/
|ـس
|ـسـ
|سـ
|س
|-
|شين (sheenun) like"<u>sh</u>e"
|/ʃ/
|ـش
|ـشـ
|شـ
|ش
|-
|صاد  (Saad) like " Sound"
|/sˤ/
|ـص
|ـصـ
|صـ
|ص
|-
|ضاد (Daad) like "Doctor"
|/dˤ/
|ـض
|ـضـ
|ضـ
|ض
|-
|طاء (Taa'on)
|/tˤ/
|ـط
|ـطـ
|طـ
|ط
|-
|ظاء (Dhaadun)
|/ðˤ/
|ـظ
|ـظـ
|ظـ
|ظ
|-
|عين (aeenun)
|/ʕ/
|ـع
|ـعـ
|عـ
|ع
|-
|غين (gheen) like the verb to pick up "<u>R</u>amasser" in French
|/ɣ/
|ـغ
|ـغـ
|غـ
|غ
|-
|فاء (faa'on)
|/f/
|ـف
|ـفـ
|فـ
|ف
|-
|قاف (qaafun)
|/q/
|ـق
|ـقـ
|قـ
|ق
|-
|كاف (kaafun)
|/k/
|ـك
|ـكـ
|كـ
|ك
|-
|لام (laamun)
|/l/
|ـل
|ـلـ
|لـ
|ل
|-
|ميم (meemun)
|/m/
|ـم
|ـمـ
|مـ
|م
|-
|نون (nounun)
|/n/
|ـن
|ـنـ
|نـ
|ن
|-
|هاء (Haa'on) like "Hello"
|/h/
|ـه
|ـهـ
|هـ
|ه
|-
|واو (waawun)  like "wath?"
|/w/, /uː/
| colspan="2" |ـو
| colspan="2" |و
|-
|ياء (yeaa'on) like "Yes"
|/j/, /iː/
|ـي
|ـيـ
|يـ
|ي
|}
 
In Arabic we have Letters like '''ا ب ت ث ج ح ....'''. Each letter has a specific pronunciation.
 
 
Then we have these small Symbols (  َ - ُ - ِ ) (  ً - ٌ - ٍ ) (  ّ ) (  ْ) we add to the Letter to change their pronunciation.
 
 
 
==symbols: ( َ  ) ( ُ  ) ( ِ  ) "vowels"==


#The first one is called in Arabic "'''Fatha'''" and it means you should open your mouth while saying the letter.
*The first one is called in Arabic "'''Fat'ha'''" and it means you should open your mouth while saying the letter like "A" in french.
#The second one is called "'''Damma'''". Your mouth should have a round shape like you're pronouncing a "O".
*The second one is called "'''Damma'''". Your mouth should have a round shape like you're pronouncing a "O".
#The third one is called "'''Kasra'''". Your mouth should have the same shape as when you're pronouncing a "E".
*The third one is called "'''Kasra'''". Your mouth should have the same shape as when you're pronouncing a "E" .


Here are some examples:
<big>'''''<u>Note</u>''''' :</big>
* When the letter has no vowel or when you do not stop with a vowel at the end of the sentence, it must be replaced by a sekoun (  '''ْ''' ).
* When pronouncing, Arabs do not stop at the end of their sentences with a vowel.


===Examples===
*If we want to say the letter ( ب ) in Arabic, let's add that Fatha to it ( بَ ). Its pronunciation becomes ('''Ba'''). Not a long "a", just a short one.  
*If we want to say the letter ( ب ) in Arabic, let's add that Fatha to it ( بَ ). Its pronunciation becomes ('''Ba'''). Not a long "a", just a short one.  
*if we want to say the letter ( ب ) in Arabic, let's add that Damma to it ( بُ ). Its pronunciation becomes ('''Bo'''). Not a long "o", just a short one.  
*if we want to say the letter ( ب ) in Arabic, let's add that Damma to it ( بُ ). Its pronunciation becomes ('''Bo'''). Not a long "o", just a short one.  
*if we want to say the letter ( ب ) in Arabic, let's add that Kasra to it ( بِ ). Its pronunciation becomes ('''Be'''). Not a long "e", just a short one.  
*if we want to say the letter ( ب ) in Arabic, let's add that Kasra to it ( بِ ). Its pronunciation becomes ('''Be'''). Not a long "e", just a short one.  


The table below will help you with other letters:
The table below will help you with other letters:
Line 40: Line 247:
|A
|A
|O
|O
|E
|E of english & i in french
|-
|-
|ب
|ب
Line 55: Line 262:
|-
|-
|ث
|ث
|tha'a
|tha'a (th here must pronounce as [th] in tee[th]
|tha
|tha
|tho
|tho
Line 67: Line 274:
|-
|-
|ح
|ح
|ha'a
|ha'a [h]
|ha
|ha
|Ho
|Ho
Line 73: Line 280:
|-
|-
|خ
|خ
|Kha'a
|Kha'a [KH] must pronounce as [X letter in Russian]
|Kha
|Kha
|Kho  
|Kho  
|Khe
|Khe
|-
|د
|daal
|da
|do
|de or di in french
|-
|ذ
|thaal like english word that
|tha
|tho
|the
|-
|ر
|raa like R in english
|ra
|ro
|re
|-
|ز
|zayn
|za
|zo
|ze
|-
|س
|siin
|sa
|so
|se
|-
|ش
|shiin
|sha
|sho
|she
|-
|ص
|saad magnify
|sa
|so
|se
|-
|ض
|daad magnify
|da
|do
|de
|-
|ع
|aayn as saying : iraq city
|aa
|ao
|ae
|-
|غ
|Rayn like R in french
|ra
|ro
|re
|-
|ف
|faa
|fa
|fo
|fe
|-
|ق
|qaaf close from grand g in french
|qa
|qo
|qe
|-
|ك
|kaaf
|ka
|ko
|ke
|-
|ل
|laam
|la
|lo
|le
|-
|م
|miim
|ma
|mo
|me
|-
|ن
|noon
|na
|no
|ne
|-
|هـ
|haa like hello
|ha
|ho
|he
|-
|و
|waaw
|wa
|wo
|we
|-
|ي
|yaa
|ya
|yo
|ye
|}
Please note that the second letter you add has a very short pronunciation.
==symbols (  ً )-( ٌ  )-( ٍ  )==
*The first one is called in Arabic "'''Tanween Al''' '''Fat'h'''" and it means you should open your mouth while saying the letter like "A" in french then add N at the end of letter.
*The second one is called "'''Tanween Al Damm'''". Your mouth should have a round shape like you're pronouncing a "O" and add N at the End of the letter
*The third one is called "'''Tanween Al Kasr'''". Your mouth should have the same shape as when you're pronouncing a "E" .and add N at the End of the letter
===Examples===
*If we want to say the letter ( ب ) in Arabic, let's add '''Tanween Al Fat'h''' to it  ( بً ). Its pronunciation becomes ('''Ban)'''. Not a long "a" in french, just a short one.
*if we want to say the letter ( ب ) in Arabic, let's add '''Tanween Al Damm''' to it ( بٌ ). Its pronunciation becomes ('''Bon'''). Not a long "o", just a short one.
*if we want to say the letter ( ب ) in Arabic, let's add '''Tanween Al Kasr''' to it ( بٍ ). Its pronunciation becomes ('''Ben'''). Not a long "e", just a short one. 
The table below will help you with other letters:
{| class="wikitable"
!letter
!name of the letter
!pronunciation with Tanween Al Fat'h
!pronunciation with Tanween Al Damm
!pronunciation with Tanween Al Kasr
|-
|ا
|Alif
|An
|On
|Ee
|-
|ب
|Ba'a
|Ban
|Bon
|Ben
|-
|ت
|Ta'a
|Tan
|Ton
|Ten
|-
|ث
|tha'a (th here must pronounce as [th] in tee[th]
|than
|thon
|then
|-
|ج
|jeem
|jan
|jon
|jen
|-
|ح
|ha'a
|han
|Hon
|Hen
|-
|خ
|Kha'a [KH] must pronounce as [X letter in Russian]
|Khan
|Khon
|Khen
|}
|}
and so on with All the letters.


Please note that the second letter you add has a very short pronunciation.
==Long pronunciation==
 
We can read an arabic letter with a long pronuciation by using three letters (alif-أ, yaa-ي, waaw) after the one that want to read as long :
 
*we use alif-أ after the long letter who has "fatha" for example : ( سَ= sa ) long pronunciation is ( سَا=saaa )
 
*we use waaw-و after the long letter who has "damma" for example : ( سُ= so ) long pronunciation is  ( سُو=sooo )
 
*we use yaa-ي after the long letter who has "kasra" for example : ( سِ= si ) long pronunciation is  ( سِي=siii )
 
 
===NOTE===
 
<nowiki>*</nowiki>When we use the 3 letters (ا,ي,و)( alif- yaa- waaw) to make a long pronunciation, we don't give them any damma or kasra or... they have a name is :
 
horof al-aela حُرُوفُ الْعِلَةِ
 
 
==Video - Standard Arabic Alphabet Pronunciation by a Native Speaker==
 
<youtube>jgpwGq-T0iU&vl=en</youtube>
 
==Arabic Online Virtual Keyboard==
__NOCACHE__<include iframe src='https://polyglotclub.com/keyboard.php?souscat_url=standard-arabic' height='600px' frameborder='0' scrolling='yes' />
 
 
{{#seo:
|title=How do you pronounce letters in Arabic?
|keywords=letters, sound, pronunciation, rules, Fatha, Damma
|description=In this lesson we will explain how to pronounce the letters of the Arabic Alphabet.
        |og:image=https://polyglotclub.com/wiki/images/5/51/Arabic-alphabet-and-pronunciation.jpg
}}


I hope this will help you. A lot of people I talked to found this hard to understand but found it a little easier after this explanation ...
[[Category: Arabic/Beginner]]
[[Category:Alphabet-and-Pronunciation]]


See you soon.
==Other Lessons==
* [[Language/Standard-arabic/Pronunciation/Dhad-language-ض|Dhad language ض]]
* [[Language/Standard-arabic/Pronunciation/Letters|Letters]]
* [[Language/Standard-arabic/Pronunciation/Lebanese-Accent|Lebanese Accent]]
<span links></span>

Latest revision as of 12:58, 25 March 2023

Standard Arabic Alphabet and Pronunciation
Arabic-Language-PolyglotClub.png
Arabic-alphabet-and-pronunciation-1.jpg

Hi Arabic learners, 🌍

In today's lesson, you will learn how to write the different letters of the Standard Arabic alphabet, how to pronounce these letters whether it is through the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA), or through a video with the pronunciation of the letters by a native speaker. You will also find at the end of this lesson a virtual keyboard to be able to type each special character of this language.

As you progress in your Arabic learning journey, you might be interested in exploring the unique Dhad language ض and understanding the nuances of the Standard Arabic Pronunciation - Lebanese Accent.

Enjoy your Arabic learning adventure! 😊

Standard Arabic Alphabet and IPA Pronunciation[edit | edit source]

Name IPA Letter
Final Medial Initial Isolated
ألف (Alefun) /aː/, /ʔ/ ـا ا
باء (Ba'on) /b/ ـب ـبـ بـ ب
تاء ( Ta'on) /t/ ـت ـتـ تـ ت
ثاء (THa'on) like"therapy" /θ/ ـث ـثـ ثـ ث
جيم (Jeemun) /d͡ʒ/ ـج ـجـ جـ ج
حاء (ha'on) /ħ/ ـح ـحـ حـ ح
خاء (khaa'on) /x/ ـخ ـخـ خـ خ
دال (daalun) /d/ ـد د
ذال (daalun ) like "the moon" /ð/ ـذ ذ
راء (raa'on) like "room" /r/ ـر ر
زاي (zaa'ye) /z/ ـز ز
سين (seenun) like "I see" /s/ ـس ـسـ سـ س
شين (sheenun) like"she" /ʃ/ ـش ـشـ شـ ش
صاد (Saad) like " Sound" /sˤ/ ـص ـصـ صـ ص
ضاد (Daad) like "Doctor" /dˤ/ ـض ـضـ ضـ ض
طاء (Taa'on) /tˤ/ ـط ـطـ طـ ط
ظاء (Dhaadun) /ðˤ/ ـظ ـظـ ظـ ظ
عين (aeenun) /ʕ/ ـع ـعـ عـ ع
غين (gheen) like the verb to pick up "Ramasser" in French /ɣ/ ـغ ـغـ غـ غ
فاء (faa'on) /f/ ـف ـفـ فـ ف
قاف (qaafun) /q/ ـق ـقـ قـ ق
كاف (kaafun) /k/ ـك ـكـ كـ ك
لام (laamun) /l/ ـل ـلـ لـ ل
ميم (meemun) /m/ ـم ـمـ مـ م
نون (nounun) /n/ ـن ـنـ نـ ن
هاء (Haa'on) like "Hello" /h/ ـه ـهـ هـ ه
واو (waawun) like "wath?" /w/, /uː/ ـو و
ياء (yeaa'on) like "Yes" /j/, /iː/ ـي ـيـ يـ ي

In Arabic we have Letters like ا ب ت ث ج ح ..... Each letter has a specific pronunciation.


Then we have these small Symbols ( َ - ُ - ِ ) ( ً - ٌ - ٍ ) ( ّ ) ( ْ) we add to the Letter to change their pronunciation.


symbols: ( َ ) ( ُ ) ( ِ ) "vowels"[edit | edit source]

  • The first one is called in Arabic "Fat'ha" and it means you should open your mouth while saying the letter like "A" in french.
  • The second one is called "Damma". Your mouth should have a round shape like you're pronouncing a "O".
  • The third one is called "Kasra". Your mouth should have the same shape as when you're pronouncing a "E" .

Note :

  • When the letter has no vowel or when you do not stop with a vowel at the end of the sentence, it must be replaced by a sekoun ( ْ ).
  • When pronouncing, Arabs do not stop at the end of their sentences with a vowel.

Examples[edit | edit source]

  • If we want to say the letter ( ب ) in Arabic, let's add that Fatha to it ( بَ ). Its pronunciation becomes (Ba). Not a long "a", just a short one.
  • if we want to say the letter ( ب ) in Arabic, let's add that Damma to it ( بُ ). Its pronunciation becomes (Bo). Not a long "o", just a short one.
  • if we want to say the letter ( ب ) in Arabic, let's add that Kasra to it ( بِ ). Its pronunciation becomes (Be). Not a long "e", just a short one.


The table below will help you with other letters:

letter name of the letter pronunciation with Fatha pronunciation with Damma pronunciation with Kasra
ا Alif A O E of english & i in french
ب Ba'a Ba Bo Be
ت Ta'a Ta To Te
ث tha'a (th here must pronounce as [th] in tee[th] tha tho the
ج jeem ja jo je
ح ha'a [h] ha Ho He
خ Kha'a [KH] must pronounce as [X letter in Russian] Kha Kho Khe
د daal da do de or di in french
ذ thaal like english word that tha tho the
ر raa like R in english ra ro re
ز zayn za zo ze
س siin sa so se
ش shiin sha sho she
ص saad magnify sa so se
ض daad magnify da do de
ع aayn as saying : iraq city aa ao ae
غ Rayn like R in french ra ro re
ف faa fa fo fe
ق qaaf close from grand g in french qa qo qe
ك kaaf ka ko ke
ل laam la lo le
م miim ma mo me
ن noon na no ne
هـ haa like hello ha ho he
و waaw wa wo we
ي yaa ya yo ye

Please note that the second letter you add has a very short pronunciation.

symbols ( ً )-( ٌ )-( ٍ )[edit | edit source]

  • The first one is called in Arabic "Tanween Al Fat'h" and it means you should open your mouth while saying the letter like "A" in french then add N at the end of letter.
  • The second one is called "Tanween Al Damm". Your mouth should have a round shape like you're pronouncing a "O" and add N at the End of the letter
  • The third one is called "Tanween Al Kasr". Your mouth should have the same shape as when you're pronouncing a "E" .and add N at the End of the letter


Examples[edit | edit source]

  • If we want to say the letter ( ب ) in Arabic, let's add Tanween Al Fat'h to it ( بً ). Its pronunciation becomes (Ban). Not a long "a" in french, just a short one.
  • if we want to say the letter ( ب ) in Arabic, let's add Tanween Al Damm to it ( بٌ ). Its pronunciation becomes (Bon). Not a long "o", just a short one.
  • if we want to say the letter ( ب ) in Arabic, let's add Tanween Al Kasr to it ( بٍ ). Its pronunciation becomes (Ben). Not a long "e", just a short one.


The table below will help you with other letters:

letter name of the letter pronunciation with Tanween Al Fat'h pronunciation with Tanween Al Damm pronunciation with Tanween Al Kasr
ا Alif An On Ee
ب Ba'a Ban Bon Ben
ت Ta'a Tan Ton Ten
ث tha'a (th here must pronounce as [th] in tee[th] than thon then
ج jeem jan jon jen
ح ha'a han Hon Hen
خ Kha'a [KH] must pronounce as [X letter in Russian] Khan Khon Khen

Long pronunciation[edit | edit source]

We can read an arabic letter with a long pronuciation by using three letters (alif-أ, yaa-ي, waaw) after the one that want to read as long :

  • we use alif-أ after the long letter who has "fatha" for example : ( سَ= sa ) long pronunciation is ( سَا=saaa )
  • we use waaw-و after the long letter who has "damma" for example : ( سُ= so ) long pronunciation is ( سُو=sooo )
  • we use yaa-ي after the long letter who has "kasra" for example : ( سِ= si ) long pronunciation is ( سِي=siii )


NOTE[edit | edit source]

*When we use the 3 letters (ا,ي,و)( alif- yaa- waaw) to make a long pronunciation, we don't give them any damma or kasra or... they have a name is :

horof al-aela حُرُوفُ الْعِلَةِ


Video - Standard Arabic Alphabet Pronunciation by a Native Speaker[edit | edit source]

Arabic Online Virtual Keyboard[edit | edit source]


Other Lessons[edit | edit source]

Retrieved from "https://polyglotclub.com/wiki/index.php?title=Language/Standard-arabic/Pronunciation/Alphabet-and-Pronunciation&oldid=185401"