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<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Rundi|Rundi]]  → [[Language/Rundi/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Rundi/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Verbs and Tenses → Present Tense</div>
<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Rundi|Rundi]]  → [[Language/Rundi/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Rundi/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Verbs and Tenses → Present Tense</div>


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<h1>Introducing Rundi Present Tense</h1>
== Introduction ==
 
Welcome to the lesson on the present tense in the Rundi language! In this lesson, we will explore how to conjugate verbs in the present tense and use them to describe actions happening now. Understanding the present tense is essential for building a solid foundation in Rundi grammar and communication. By the end of this lesson, you will be able to confidently form present tense sentences and express yourself in the present moment.
 
The present tense is used to describe ongoing actions, habitual actions, and general truths. It allows us to talk about what is happening right now or what happens regularly. In Rundi, the present tense is relatively straightforward to form, and we will explore the different conjugation patterns for different verb classes.
 
To make our learning journey more engaging and relatable, we will also delve into the cultural aspects of the Rundi language. We will explore how regional variations may influence the usage or understanding of the present tense. Additionally, we will share interesting cultural facts and anecdotes related to the topic, providing you with a deeper understanding of the Rundi language and its context.
 
Let's dive into the details of the present tense in Rundi and discover how to use it effectively in our conversations!
 
== Conjugating Verbs in the Present Tense ==
 
In Rundi, verbs are conjugated based on the noun class of the subject. The present tense conjugation patterns vary depending on the noun class, but they generally follow a similar structure. Let's explore the different conjugation patterns for each noun class and how they are used in sentences.
 
=== Noun Class 1 ===
 
Noun class 1 includes singular nouns that begin with a vowel. To conjugate verbs with noun class 1 subjects in the present tense, we use the prefix "a-" before the verb root. Here are some examples:
 
{| class="wikitable"
! Rundi !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| Abana barasa. || a-ba-na ba-ra-sa || The children study.
|-
| Amazi azana. || a-ma-zi a-za-na || The water flows.
|}
 
In these examples, the verb "barasa" (to study) and "azana" (to flow) are conjugated with noun class 1 subjects "abana" (children) and "amazi" (water) using the prefix "a-". This pattern is consistent for all verb roots when conjugated with noun class 1 subjects.
 
=== Noun Class 2 ===
 
Noun class 2 includes singular nouns that begin with a consonant. To conjugate verbs with noun class 2 subjects in the present tense, we use the prefix "u-" before the verb root. Here are some examples:
 
{| class="wikitable"
! Rundi !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| Umwana yisoma. || u-mwa-na yi-so-ma || The child reads.
|-
| Umuti ukinga. || u-mu-ti u-ki-nga || The tree grows.
|}
 
In these examples, the verb "yisoma" (to read) and "ukinga" (to grow) are conjugated with noun class 2 subjects "umwana" (child) and "umuti" (tree) using the prefix "u-". This pattern is consistent for all verb roots when conjugated with noun class 2 subjects.
 
=== Noun Class 3 ===
 
Noun class 3 includes singular nouns that begin with "i-" or "e-". To conjugate verbs with noun class 3 subjects in the present tense, we use the prefix "yi-" before the verb root. Here are some examples:
 
{| class="wikitable"
! Rundi !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| Imana yunguza. || i-ma-na yu-ngu-za || God creates.
|-
| Igiti izuka. || i-gi-ti i-zu-ka || The stick breaks.
|}


<p>
In these examples, the verb "yunguza" (to create) and "izuka" (to break) are conjugated with noun class 3 subjects "imana" (God) and "igiti" (stick) using the prefix "yi-". This pattern is consistent for all verb roots when conjugated with noun class 3 subjects.
    In this lesson, you will learn about the present tense in Rundi. Understanding the present tense is vital to speaking and expressing yourself in the language. By the end of this lesson, you will know how to form and use the present tense of verbs in Rundi.
</p>


<h2>Present Tense Overview</h2>
=== Noun Class 4 ===


<p>
Noun class 4 includes singular nouns that begin with "u-" or "w-". To conjugate verbs with noun class 4 subjects in the present tense, we use the prefix "wu-" before the verb root. Here are some examples:
    The present tense in Rundi is used to describe actions that are happening now. It is formed using a combination of the verb stem and subject agreement markers (prefixes that agree with the subject of the sentence).
</p>


<p>
{| class="wikitable"
    This is different from English, where the present tense also describes habitual actions or actions occurring in the near future. Rundi has other verb forms to express these concepts, which will be covered in future lessons.
! Rundi !! Pronunciation !! English
</p>
|-
| Uruhinja rurara. || u-ru-hin-ja ru-ra-ra || The mountain stands.
|-
| Uwacu wuzura. || u-wa-cu wu-zu-ra || Our home shines.
|}


<h2>Conjugating Regular Verbs in the Present Tense</h2>
In these examples, the verb "rurara" (to stand) and "wuzura" (to shine) are conjugated with noun class 4 subjects "uruhinja" (mountain) and "uwacu" (our home) using the prefix "wu-". This pattern is consistent for all verb roots when conjugated with noun class 4 subjects.


<p>
=== Noun Class 5 ===
    Regular verbs in Rundi have predictable conjugation patterns in the present tense, based on the noun class of the subject.
</p>


<p>
Noun class 5 includes singular nouns that begin with "i-" or "y-". To conjugate verbs with noun class 5 subjects in the present tense, we use the prefix "yi-" before the verb root. Here are some examples:
    Noun classes are groups of nouns that share the same prefix, based on certain characteristics like animacy, shape, or size. The noun class of the subject determines which subject agreement marker is used to form the present tense of the verb.
</p>


<p>
{| class="wikitable"
    The present tense subject agreement markers for regular verbs in Rundi are:
! Rundi !! Pronunciation !! English
</p>
|-
| Igihe yiyongera. || i-gi-he yi-yon-ge-ra || Time passes.
|-
| Iyindi yihaye. || i-yin-di yi-ha-ye || The other one remains.
|}


<table class="wikitable">
In these examples, the verb "yiyongera" (to pass) and "yihaye" (to remain) are conjugated with noun class 5 subjects "igihe" (time) and "iyindi" (the other one) using the prefix "yi-". This pattern is consistent for all verb roots when conjugated with noun class 5 subjects.
  <tr>
    <th>Noun Class</th>
    <th>Subject Agreement Marker</th>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>1</td>
    <td>a-</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>2</td>
    <td>ba-</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>3</td>
    <td>tu-</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>4</td>
    <td>a-</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>5</td>
    <td>zi-</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>6</td>
    <td>a-</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>7</td>
    <td>ku-</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>8</td>
    <td>tu-</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>9</td>
    <td>a-</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>10</td>
    <td>a-</td>
  </tr>
</table>


<p>
=== Noun Class 6 ===
    To form the present tense of a regular verb, you take the verb stem and add the appropriate subject agreement marker. For example:
</p>


<ul>
Noun class 6 includes singular nouns that begin with "a-" or "e-". To conjugate verbs with noun class 6 subjects in the present tense, we use the prefix "a-" before the verb root. Here are some examples:
    <li>kwandika (to write)</li>
    <li>kw-</li>
    <li>a-</li>
    <li>=> akwandika (he/she is writing)</li>
</ul>


<p>
{| class="wikitable"
    Here are more examples of how you can form the present tense for different noun classes:
! Rundi !! Pronunciation !! English
</p>
|-
| Amafoto ayobora. || a-ma-fo-to a-yo-bo-ra || The photos lead.
|-
| Ebyabo ebyiyongera. || e-by-a-bo e-byi-yon-ge-ra || Their things increase.
|}


<table class="wikitable">
In these examples, the verb "ayobora" (to lead) and "ebyiyongera" (to increase) are conjugated with noun class 6 subjects "amafoto" (photos) and "ebyabo" (their things) using the prefix "a-". This pattern is consistent for all verb roots when conjugated with noun class 6 subjects.
    <tr>
        <th>Rundi</th>
        <th>Pronunciation</th>
        <th>English</th>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td>Abadafite bose barimo ibirenge</td>
        <td>a-ba-da-fi-te bo-se ba-ri-mo i-bi-ren-ge</td>
        <td>All the farmers are cultivating beans.</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td>Ndaguma nandora ingomero</td>
        <td>n-da-gu-ma n-an-do-ra in-go-me-ro</td>
        <td>I'm currently planting onions.</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td>Muvakuli yari afite amahirwe</td>
        <td>mu-va-ku-li ya-ri a-fi-te a-ma-hi-rwe</td>
        <td>The student has talent.</td>
    </tr>
</table>


<h2>Irregular Verbs in the Present Tense</h2>
=== Noun Class 7 ===


<p>
Noun class 7 includes singular nouns that begin with "u-" or "w-". To conjugate verbs with noun class 7 subjects in the present tense, we use the prefix "wu-" before the verb root. Here are some examples:
    Some verbs in Rundi do not follow the regular conjugation pattern in the present tense. These are called irregular verbs, and they must be memorized individually.
</p>


<p>
{| class="wikitable"
    Here are some common irregular verbs in the present tense:
! Rundi !! Pronunciation !! English
</p>
|-
| Umutwe wutera. || u-mu-twe wu-te-ra || The head thinks.
|-
| Uwacu wujuje. || u-wa-cu wu-ju-je || Our friend arrives.
|}


<table class="wikitable">
In these examples, the verb "wutera" (to think) and "wujuje" (to arrive) are conjugated with noun class 7 subjects "umutwe" (head) and "uwacu" (our friend) using the prefix "wu-". This pattern is consistent for all verb roots when conjugated with noun class 7 subjects.
  <tr>
    <th>Rundi</th>
    <th>Pronunciation</th>
    <th>English</th>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>kugira ngo</td>
    <td>ku-gi-ra n-go</td>
    <td>to have to</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>kubona</td>
    <td>ku-bo-na</td>
    <td>to see</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>kubona</td>
    <td>ku-bo-na</td>
    <td>to see</td>
  </tr>
</table>


<p>
=== Noun Class 8 ===
    Note that some irregular verbs also have irregular stem changes. For example:
</p>


<ul>
Noun class 8 includes singular nouns that begin with "i-" or "y-". To conjugate verbs with noun class 8 subjects in the present tense, we use the prefix "yi-" before the verb root. Here are some examples:
    <li>kubona (to see) => mbone (I see)</li>
    <li>guhita (to stop) => nshaka (I want to stop)</li>
</ul>


<h2>Using the Present Tense in Sentences</h2>
{| class="wikitable"
! Rundi !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| Ibyaha yikora. || i-by-a-ha yi-ko-ra || The crimes happen.
|-
| Iyindi yisuzuma. || i-yin-di yi-su-zu-ma || The other one hides.
|}


<p>
In these examples, the verb "yikora" (to happen) and "yisuzuma" (to hide) are conjugated with noun class 8 subjects "ibyaha" (crimes) and "iyindi" (the other one) using the prefix "yi-". This pattern is consistent for all verb roots when conjugated with noun class 8 subjects.
    In Rundi, the verb usually comes at the end of the sentence. Here are some examples of how to use the present tense in sentences:
</p>


<ul>
=== Noun Class 9 ===
    <li>Umugabo aragira ngo abantu baramugira ikibi.</li>
    <li>Imbere yanjye hasigaye kurya isombe.</li>
    <li>Abari bananiwe bari mu rukundo rwabo.</li>
</ul>


<p>
Noun class 9 includes singular nouns that begin with "u-" or "w-". To conjugate verbs with noun class 9 subjects in the present tense, we use the prefix "wu-" before the verb root. Here are some examples:
    Notice how the verb changes based on the noun class of the subject, as seen in the subject agreement marker. The noun class must correspond to the class of the subject in the sentence.  
</p>


<h2>Conclusion</h2>
{| class="wikitable"
! Rundi !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| Ubuhamya bujinga. || u-bu-ha-mya bu-ji-nga || The story surprises.
|-
| Uwacu wutuma. || u-wa-cu wu-tu-ma || Our neighbor sends.
|}


<p>
In these examples, the verb "bujinga" (to surprise) and "wutuma" (to send) are conjugated with noun class 9 subjects "ubuhamya" (story) and "uwacu" (our neighbor) using the prefix "wu-". This pattern is consistent for all verb roots when conjugated with noun class 9 subjects.
    Congratulations! You now know how to form and use the present tense in Rundi. Be sure to practice using it in sentences and read up on noun classes in order to further understand how verbs are used. In the next lesson, we will discuss verb conjugation in the past tense.
 
</p>
=== Noun Class 10 ===
 
Noun class 10 includes singular nouns that begin with "i-" or "y-". To conjugate verbs with noun class 10 subjects in the present tense, we use the prefix "yi-" before the verb root. Here are some examples:
 
{| class="wikitable"
! Rundi !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| Ibihumbi birangira. || i-bi-hum-bi bi-ran-gi-ra || The books end.
|-
| Iyindi yirembye. || i-yin-di yi-re-m-bye || The other one sings.
|}
 
In these examples, the verb "birangira" (to end) and "yirembye" (to sing) are conjugated with noun class 10 subjects "ibihumbi" (books) and "iyindi" (the other one) using the prefix "yi-". This pattern is consistent for all verb roots when conjugated with noun class 10 subjects.
 
=== Noun Class 11 ===
 
Noun class 11 includes singular nouns that begin with "u-" or "w-". To conjugate verbs with noun class 11 subjects in the present tense, we use the prefix "wu-" before the verb root. Here are some examples:
 
{| class="wikitable"
! Rundi !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| Urukundo rwiza. || u-ru-kun-do rwiza || Love is beautiful.
|-
| Uwacu wunywa. || u-wa-cu wu-ny-wa || Our friend drinks.
|}
 
In these examples, the verb "rwiza" (to be beautiful) and "wunywa" (to drink) are conjugated with noun class 11 subjects "urukundo" (love) and "uwacu" (our friend) using the prefix "wu-". This pattern is consistent for all verb roots when conjugated with noun class 11 subjects.
 
=== Noun Class 12 ===
 
Noun class 12 includes singular nouns that begin with "i-" or "y-". To conjugate verbs with noun class 12 subjects in the present tense, we use the prefix "yi-" before the verb root. Here are some examples:
 
{| class="wikitable"
! Rundi !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| Ibyoherereza yifashisha. || i-byo-he-re-re-za yi-fa-shi-sha || The instructions help.
|-
| Iyindi yiyemerera. || i-yin-di yi-yem-e-re-ra || The other one waits.
|}
 
In these examples, the verb "yifashisha" (to help) and "yiyemerera" (to wait) are conjugated with noun class 12 subjects "ibyoherereza" (instructions) and "iyindi" (the other one) using the prefix "yi-". This pattern is consistent for all verb roots when conjugated with noun class 12 subjects.
 
== Cultural Insights ==
 
The usage and understanding of the present tense in Rundi may vary slightly across different regions. While the basic conjugation patterns remain the same, certain dialects or local variations may influence the pronunciation or specific verb forms used in the present tense.
 
In some regions, there may be a preference for using certain verb forms or conjugation patterns over others in the present tense. For example, in certain rural areas, speakers may opt for a more conservative approach to verb conjugation, while in urban areas, a more modernized form may be preferred.
 
Additionally, historical factors may have shaped the present tense usage in specific contexts. For instance, Burundi's colonial history and interactions with neighboring countries may have influenced the adoption of certain verb forms or conjugation patterns from other languages.
 
Culturally, the present tense allows speakers of Rundi to vividly describe actions happening in the present moment. It is commonly used in everyday conversations, storytelling, and expressing emotions or opinions. Through the present tense, Rundi speakers can capture the immediacy and vitality of ongoing actions, bringing their language to life.
 
== Practice Exercises ==
 
Now that we have explored the conjugation patterns and usage of the present tense in Rundi, it's time for some practice exercises. Use the following scenarios to create present tense sentences using the appropriate verb forms.
 
1. Scenario: You are describing what you are currently doing.
Verb: Kugenda (to walk)
Noun Class 1 Subject: Abana (children)
 
Example Answer: Abana barigenda. (The children are walking.)
 
2. Scenario: You are talking about a habitual action.
Verb: Kwisoma (to study)
Noun Class 4 Subject: Umwana (child)
 
Example Answer: Umwana wizosoma. (The child studies.)
 
3. Scenario: You are describing an ongoing action.
Verb: Gufunga (to close)
Noun Class 7 Subject: Umuti (tree)
 
Example Answer: Umuti wufungura. (The tree is closing.)
 
4. Scenario: You are talking about a general truth.
Verb: Kugaruka (to return)
Noun Class 10 Subject: Ijambo (word)
 
Example Answer: Ijambo yigarukira. (Words return.)
 
5. Scenario: You are describing a current state.
Verb: Kwigira (to enter)
Noun Class 12 Subject: Ibitaro (rooms)
 
Example Answer: Ibitaro yigira. (Rooms enter.)
 
Now, it's your turn to create present tense sentences using different verb forms and noun class subjects. Practice as much as you need to feel confident in your understanding of the present tense in Rundi.
 
== Solutions and Explanations ==
 
Here are the solutions and explanations for the practice exercises:
 
1. Solution: Abana barigenda. (The children are walking.)
Explanation: The verb "kugenda" (to walk) is conjugated with the noun class 1 subject "abana" (children) using the prefix "ba-".
 
2. Solution: Umwana wizosoma. (The child studies.)
Explanation: The verb "kwisoma" (to study) is conjugated with the noun class 4 subject "umwana" (child) using the prefix "wi-".
 
3. Solution: Umuti wufungura. (The tree is closing.)
Explanation: The verb "gufunga" (to close) is conjugated with the noun class 7 subject "umuti" (tree) using the prefix "wu-".
 
4. Solution: Ijambo yigarukira. (Words return.)
Explanation: The verb "kugaruka" (to return) is conjugated with the noun class 10 subject "ijambo" (word) using the prefix "yi-".
 
5. Solution: Ibitaro yigira. (Rooms enter.)
Explanation: The verb "kwigira" (to enter) is conjugated with the noun class 12 subject "ibitaro" (rooms) using the prefix "yi-".
 
By practicing these exercises, you can reinforce your understanding of the present tense conjugation patterns and use them accurately in your conversations.
 
== Summary ==
 
In this lesson, we have explored the present tense in the Rundi language. We have learned how to conjugate verbs in the present tense based on the noun class of the subject. Through numerous examples, we have seen the different conjugation patterns for each noun class and how they are used in sentences.
 
Additionally, we have gained cultural insights into the present tense usage in different regions and historical influences on the language. By understanding the cultural context, we can better appreciate the significance of the present tense in Rundi communication.
 
To solidify your understanding, we have provided practice exercises where you can create present tense sentences using the appropriate verb forms. By practicing regularly, you will become more comfortable and confident in using the present tense in your conversations.
 
Congratulations on completing this comprehensive lesson on the present tense in Rundi! You are one step closer to achieving fluency in the language. Keep up the great work and continue exploring the fascinating world of Rundi grammar and communication.


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|title=Rundi Grammar → Verbs and Tenses → Present Tense
|keywords=Rundi, Rundi language, present tense in Rundi, Rundi verbs, verb conjugation in Rundi, regular Rundi verbs, irregular Rundi verbs
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|description=In this lesson, you will learn how to conjugate Rundi verbs in the present tense and use them to describe actions happening now. Gain cultural insights and practice exercises to enhance your understanding of the present tense in the Rundi language.
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}}


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==Sources==
* [https://polyglotclub.com/wiki/Language/Rundi/Grammar/Past-Tense Rundi Grammar: Learn About the Past Tense for Verbs and Tenses]




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* [https://polyglotclub.com/wiki/Language/Rundi/Grammar/Past-Tense Rundi Grammar: Learn About the Past Tense for Verbs and Tenses]


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Latest revision as of 04:38, 23 June 2023

◀️ Days and Months — Previous Lesson Next Lesson — Past Tense ▶️

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Rundi → Grammar → 0 to A1 Course → Verbs and Tenses → Present Tense

Introduction[edit | edit source]

Welcome to the lesson on the present tense in the Rundi language! In this lesson, we will explore how to conjugate verbs in the present tense and use them to describe actions happening now. Understanding the present tense is essential for building a solid foundation in Rundi grammar and communication. By the end of this lesson, you will be able to confidently form present tense sentences and express yourself in the present moment.

The present tense is used to describe ongoing actions, habitual actions, and general truths. It allows us to talk about what is happening right now or what happens regularly. In Rundi, the present tense is relatively straightforward to form, and we will explore the different conjugation patterns for different verb classes.

To make our learning journey more engaging and relatable, we will also delve into the cultural aspects of the Rundi language. We will explore how regional variations may influence the usage or understanding of the present tense. Additionally, we will share interesting cultural facts and anecdotes related to the topic, providing you with a deeper understanding of the Rundi language and its context.

Let's dive into the details of the present tense in Rundi and discover how to use it effectively in our conversations!

Conjugating Verbs in the Present Tense[edit | edit source]

In Rundi, verbs are conjugated based on the noun class of the subject. The present tense conjugation patterns vary depending on the noun class, but they generally follow a similar structure. Let's explore the different conjugation patterns for each noun class and how they are used in sentences.

Noun Class 1[edit | edit source]

Noun class 1 includes singular nouns that begin with a vowel. To conjugate verbs with noun class 1 subjects in the present tense, we use the prefix "a-" before the verb root. Here are some examples:

Rundi Pronunciation English
Abana barasa. a-ba-na ba-ra-sa The children study.
Amazi azana. a-ma-zi a-za-na The water flows.

In these examples, the verb "barasa" (to study) and "azana" (to flow) are conjugated with noun class 1 subjects "abana" (children) and "amazi" (water) using the prefix "a-". This pattern is consistent for all verb roots when conjugated with noun class 1 subjects.

Noun Class 2[edit | edit source]

Noun class 2 includes singular nouns that begin with a consonant. To conjugate verbs with noun class 2 subjects in the present tense, we use the prefix "u-" before the verb root. Here are some examples:

Rundi Pronunciation English
Umwana yisoma. u-mwa-na yi-so-ma The child reads.
Umuti ukinga. u-mu-ti u-ki-nga The tree grows.

In these examples, the verb "yisoma" (to read) and "ukinga" (to grow) are conjugated with noun class 2 subjects "umwana" (child) and "umuti" (tree) using the prefix "u-". This pattern is consistent for all verb roots when conjugated with noun class 2 subjects.

Noun Class 3[edit | edit source]

Noun class 3 includes singular nouns that begin with "i-" or "e-". To conjugate verbs with noun class 3 subjects in the present tense, we use the prefix "yi-" before the verb root. Here are some examples:

Rundi Pronunciation English
Imana yunguza. i-ma-na yu-ngu-za God creates.
Igiti izuka. i-gi-ti i-zu-ka The stick breaks.

In these examples, the verb "yunguza" (to create) and "izuka" (to break) are conjugated with noun class 3 subjects "imana" (God) and "igiti" (stick) using the prefix "yi-". This pattern is consistent for all verb roots when conjugated with noun class 3 subjects.

Noun Class 4[edit | edit source]

Noun class 4 includes singular nouns that begin with "u-" or "w-". To conjugate verbs with noun class 4 subjects in the present tense, we use the prefix "wu-" before the verb root. Here are some examples:

Rundi Pronunciation English
Uruhinja rurara. u-ru-hin-ja ru-ra-ra The mountain stands.
Uwacu wuzura. u-wa-cu wu-zu-ra Our home shines.

In these examples, the verb "rurara" (to stand) and "wuzura" (to shine) are conjugated with noun class 4 subjects "uruhinja" (mountain) and "uwacu" (our home) using the prefix "wu-". This pattern is consistent for all verb roots when conjugated with noun class 4 subjects.

Noun Class 5[edit | edit source]

Noun class 5 includes singular nouns that begin with "i-" or "y-". To conjugate verbs with noun class 5 subjects in the present tense, we use the prefix "yi-" before the verb root. Here are some examples:

Rundi Pronunciation English
Igihe yiyongera. i-gi-he yi-yon-ge-ra Time passes.
Iyindi yihaye. i-yin-di yi-ha-ye The other one remains.

In these examples, the verb "yiyongera" (to pass) and "yihaye" (to remain) are conjugated with noun class 5 subjects "igihe" (time) and "iyindi" (the other one) using the prefix "yi-". This pattern is consistent for all verb roots when conjugated with noun class 5 subjects.

Noun Class 6[edit | edit source]

Noun class 6 includes singular nouns that begin with "a-" or "e-". To conjugate verbs with noun class 6 subjects in the present tense, we use the prefix "a-" before the verb root. Here are some examples:

Rundi Pronunciation English
Amafoto ayobora. a-ma-fo-to a-yo-bo-ra The photos lead.
Ebyabo ebyiyongera. e-by-a-bo e-byi-yon-ge-ra Their things increase.

In these examples, the verb "ayobora" (to lead) and "ebyiyongera" (to increase) are conjugated with noun class 6 subjects "amafoto" (photos) and "ebyabo" (their things) using the prefix "a-". This pattern is consistent for all verb roots when conjugated with noun class 6 subjects.

Noun Class 7[edit | edit source]

Noun class 7 includes singular nouns that begin with "u-" or "w-". To conjugate verbs with noun class 7 subjects in the present tense, we use the prefix "wu-" before the verb root. Here are some examples:

Rundi Pronunciation English
Umutwe wutera. u-mu-twe wu-te-ra The head thinks.
Uwacu wujuje. u-wa-cu wu-ju-je Our friend arrives.

In these examples, the verb "wutera" (to think) and "wujuje" (to arrive) are conjugated with noun class 7 subjects "umutwe" (head) and "uwacu" (our friend) using the prefix "wu-". This pattern is consistent for all verb roots when conjugated with noun class 7 subjects.

Noun Class 8[edit | edit source]

Noun class 8 includes singular nouns that begin with "i-" or "y-". To conjugate verbs with noun class 8 subjects in the present tense, we use the prefix "yi-" before the verb root. Here are some examples:

Rundi Pronunciation English
Ibyaha yikora. i-by-a-ha yi-ko-ra The crimes happen.
Iyindi yisuzuma. i-yin-di yi-su-zu-ma The other one hides.

In these examples, the verb "yikora" (to happen) and "yisuzuma" (to hide) are conjugated with noun class 8 subjects "ibyaha" (crimes) and "iyindi" (the other one) using the prefix "yi-". This pattern is consistent for all verb roots when conjugated with noun class 8 subjects.

Noun Class 9[edit | edit source]

Noun class 9 includes singular nouns that begin with "u-" or "w-". To conjugate verbs with noun class 9 subjects in the present tense, we use the prefix "wu-" before the verb root. Here are some examples:

Rundi Pronunciation English
Ubuhamya bujinga. u-bu-ha-mya bu-ji-nga The story surprises.
Uwacu wutuma. u-wa-cu wu-tu-ma Our neighbor sends.

In these examples, the verb "bujinga" (to surprise) and "wutuma" (to send) are conjugated with noun class 9 subjects "ubuhamya" (story) and "uwacu" (our neighbor) using the prefix "wu-". This pattern is consistent for all verb roots when conjugated with noun class 9 subjects.

Noun Class 10[edit | edit source]

Noun class 10 includes singular nouns that begin with "i-" or "y-". To conjugate verbs with noun class 10 subjects in the present tense, we use the prefix "yi-" before the verb root. Here are some examples:

Rundi Pronunciation English
Ibihumbi birangira. i-bi-hum-bi bi-ran-gi-ra The books end.
Iyindi yirembye. i-yin-di yi-re-m-bye The other one sings.

In these examples, the verb "birangira" (to end) and "yirembye" (to sing) are conjugated with noun class 10 subjects "ibihumbi" (books) and "iyindi" (the other one) using the prefix "yi-". This pattern is consistent for all verb roots when conjugated with noun class 10 subjects.

Noun Class 11[edit | edit source]

Noun class 11 includes singular nouns that begin with "u-" or "w-". To conjugate verbs with noun class 11 subjects in the present tense, we use the prefix "wu-" before the verb root. Here are some examples:

Rundi Pronunciation English
Urukundo rwiza. u-ru-kun-do rwiza Love is beautiful.
Uwacu wunywa. u-wa-cu wu-ny-wa Our friend drinks.

In these examples, the verb "rwiza" (to be beautiful) and "wunywa" (to drink) are conjugated with noun class 11 subjects "urukundo" (love) and "uwacu" (our friend) using the prefix "wu-". This pattern is consistent for all verb roots when conjugated with noun class 11 subjects.

Noun Class 12[edit | edit source]

Noun class 12 includes singular nouns that begin with "i-" or "y-". To conjugate verbs with noun class 12 subjects in the present tense, we use the prefix "yi-" before the verb root. Here are some examples:

Rundi Pronunciation English
Ibyoherereza yifashisha. i-byo-he-re-re-za yi-fa-shi-sha The instructions help.
Iyindi yiyemerera. i-yin-di yi-yem-e-re-ra The other one waits.

In these examples, the verb "yifashisha" (to help) and "yiyemerera" (to wait) are conjugated with noun class 12 subjects "ibyoherereza" (instructions) and "iyindi" (the other one) using the prefix "yi-". This pattern is consistent for all verb roots when conjugated with noun class 12 subjects.

Cultural Insights[edit | edit source]

The usage and understanding of the present tense in Rundi may vary slightly across different regions. While the basic conjugation patterns remain the same, certain dialects or local variations may influence the pronunciation or specific verb forms used in the present tense.

In some regions, there may be a preference for using certain verb forms or conjugation patterns over others in the present tense. For example, in certain rural areas, speakers may opt for a more conservative approach to verb conjugation, while in urban areas, a more modernized form may be preferred.

Additionally, historical factors may have shaped the present tense usage in specific contexts. For instance, Burundi's colonial history and interactions with neighboring countries may have influenced the adoption of certain verb forms or conjugation patterns from other languages.

Culturally, the present tense allows speakers of Rundi to vividly describe actions happening in the present moment. It is commonly used in everyday conversations, storytelling, and expressing emotions or opinions. Through the present tense, Rundi speakers can capture the immediacy and vitality of ongoing actions, bringing their language to life.

Practice Exercises[edit | edit source]

Now that we have explored the conjugation patterns and usage of the present tense in Rundi, it's time for some practice exercises. Use the following scenarios to create present tense sentences using the appropriate verb forms.

1. Scenario: You are describing what you are currently doing. Verb: Kugenda (to walk) Noun Class 1 Subject: Abana (children)

Example Answer: Abana barigenda. (The children are walking.)

2. Scenario: You are talking about a habitual action. Verb: Kwisoma (to study) Noun Class 4 Subject: Umwana (child)

Example Answer: Umwana wizosoma. (The child studies.)

3. Scenario: You are describing an ongoing action. Verb: Gufunga (to close) Noun Class 7 Subject: Umuti (tree)

Example Answer: Umuti wufungura. (The tree is closing.)

4. Scenario: You are talking about a general truth. Verb: Kugaruka (to return) Noun Class 10 Subject: Ijambo (word)

Example Answer: Ijambo yigarukira. (Words return.)

5. Scenario: You are describing a current state. Verb: Kwigira (to enter) Noun Class 12 Subject: Ibitaro (rooms)

Example Answer: Ibitaro yigira. (Rooms enter.)

Now, it's your turn to create present tense sentences using different verb forms and noun class subjects. Practice as much as you need to feel confident in your understanding of the present tense in Rundi.

Solutions and Explanations[edit | edit source]

Here are the solutions and explanations for the practice exercises:

1. Solution: Abana barigenda. (The children are walking.) Explanation: The verb "kugenda" (to walk) is conjugated with the noun class 1 subject "abana" (children) using the prefix "ba-".

2. Solution: Umwana wizosoma. (The child studies.) Explanation: The verb "kwisoma" (to study) is conjugated with the noun class 4 subject "umwana" (child) using the prefix "wi-".

3. Solution: Umuti wufungura. (The tree is closing.) Explanation: The verb "gufunga" (to close) is conjugated with the noun class 7 subject "umuti" (tree) using the prefix "wu-".

4. Solution: Ijambo yigarukira. (Words return.) Explanation: The verb "kugaruka" (to return) is conjugated with the noun class 10 subject "ijambo" (word) using the prefix "yi-".

5. Solution: Ibitaro yigira. (Rooms enter.) Explanation: The verb "kwigira" (to enter) is conjugated with the noun class 12 subject "ibitaro" (rooms) using the prefix "yi-".

By practicing these exercises, you can reinforce your understanding of the present tense conjugation patterns and use them accurately in your conversations.

Summary[edit | edit source]

In this lesson, we have explored the present tense in the Rundi language. We have learned how to conjugate verbs in the present tense based on the noun class of the subject. Through numerous examples, we have seen the different conjugation patterns for each noun class and how they are used in sentences.

Additionally, we have gained cultural insights into the present tense usage in different regions and historical influences on the language. By understanding the cultural context, we can better appreciate the significance of the present tense in Rundi communication.

To solidify your understanding, we have provided practice exercises where you can create present tense sentences using the appropriate verb forms. By practicing regularly, you will become more comfortable and confident in using the present tense in your conversations.

Congratulations on completing this comprehensive lesson on the present tense in Rundi! You are one step closer to achieving fluency in the language. Keep up the great work and continue exploring the fascinating world of Rundi grammar and communication.

Table of Contents - Rundi Course - 0 to A1[edit source]


Introduction to Rundi Language


Greetings and Introductions


Nouns and Pronouns


Numbers and Time


Verbs and Tenses


Family and Relationships


Adjectives and Adverbs


Food and Dining


Prepositions and Conjunctions


Travel and Transportation


Burundian Culture


Hobbies and Entertainment


Questions and Negation


Health and Emergencies


Rundi Etiquette and Customs


Sources[edit | edit source]


Other Lessons[edit | edit source]




◀️ Days and Months — Previous Lesson Next Lesson — Past Tense ▶️

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