Welcome to the lesson on Romanian grammar cases! Cases play a crucial role in understanding the structure and meaning of sentences in the Romanian language. Romanian, like many other languages, has a system of noun declension that marks the grammatical case of a noun in a sentence. In this lesson, we will explore the five cases of Romanian - nominative, genitive, dative, accusative, and vocative - and learn how they are used in different sentence structures.
So, let's dive in!
The Nominative case
It answers the question "who?" - "cine?
| I |
Eu
|
| You |
Tu
|
| He, She |
El, Ea
|
| We |
Noi
|
| You |
Voi
|
| They |
Ei, Ele
|
Examples
| "We go to the mountains." |
"Noi mergem la munte."
|
| "He is programmer." |
"El este programator."
|
Notes
| El, ei |
masculine gender
|
| Ea, ele |
female gender
|
The Acussative case
It answers the question "who?/whom?" - "pe cine/pe ce?")
| Pe mine/m
|
| Pe tine
|
| Pe el/ea
|
| Pe noi
|
| Pe voi
|
| Pe ei/ele
|
Examples
| "I blamed you." |
"Eu am dat vina pe voi."
|
| "We asked him if he want an ice cream." |
"L-am întrebat (pe el) dacă vrea o înghețată."
|
| "My heart hurts." |
"(Pe mine) Mă doare inima."
|
| "I moved to London." |
"M-am mutat în Londra."
|
Notes
| Pe el, pe ei |
masculine gender
|
| Pe ea, pe ele |
female gender
|
The Genitive case
It answers the question "whose?/of what?" - "A/al cui?"
| Al meu, a mea
|
| Al tau, a ta
|
| Al lui/Al ei, a lui/a ei
|
| Al nostru, a noastra
|
| Al vostru, a voastra
|
| Al lor, a lor
|
Examples
| "This book is yours." |
"Cartea aceasta este a voastră."
|
Notes
| Al lui |
the object is masculine gender; the person is masculine gender
|
| A lui |
the object is female gender; the person is masculine gender
|
| Al ei |
the object is masculine gender; the person is female gender
|
| A ei |
the object is female gender; the person is female gender
|
The Dative case
It answers the question "who?" - "cui?"
| Mie, îmi, mi(-)
|
| Ție, îți, ți-
|
| Lui/Ei, îi ,i-
|
| Nouă, ne-, ni
|
| Vouă, vă, vi
|
| Lor, le-, li
|
Examples
| "I gave him a name." |
"(Lui/Ei) i-am dat un nume."
|
| "The success is thanks to him" |
"Succesul este grație lui."
|
Notes
| Lui |
masculine gender
|
| Ei |
female gender
|
The Locative case
It answers the question "to who?/to whom?" - "la cine?/la ce?"
| La mine
|
| La tine
|
| La el/La ea
|
| La noi
|
| La voi
|
| La ei/La ele
|
Examples
| "We'll come to you." |
"(Noi) Vom veni la voi."
|
Notes
| La el/La ei |
masculine gender
|
| La ea/La ele |
female gender
|
The Ablative case
It answers the question "from who?/ from whom?" - "de la cine?/de la ce?/decât cine?/ decât ce?
| De la/Decât mine
|
| De la/Decât tine
|
| De la/Decât el/ea
|
| De la/Decât noi
|
| De la/Decât voi
|
| De la/Decât ei/ele
|
Examples
| "I know this of you." |
"(Eu) Știu aceasta de la tine."
|
| "He's taller than her." |
"El este mai înalt decât ea."
|
Notes
| De la el/Decât el, De la ei/Decât ei |
masculine gender
|
| De la ea/Decât ea, De la ele/Decât ele |
female gender
|
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