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<div class="pg_page_title">The Polish Present Tense</div>
[[File:Poland-Timeline-PolyglotClub.png|thumb]]
Hi Polish Learners! 😃


{{Polish-Page-Top}}
In today's lesson, we will dive into the exciting world of '''Polish Grammar''' and learn how to construct the '''Present Tense in Polish'''. As you progress in your Polish language journey, don't forget to explore other related topics such as the [[Language/Polish/Grammar/Declension-of-nouns---deklinacja-rzeczowników|Polish noun declension]], [[Language/Polish/Grammar/Basic-Sentence-Structure|basic sentence structure in Polish]], and even some [[Language/Polish/Grammar/Conditional-Sentences|advanced Polish grammar with conditional sentences]]. Enjoy your learning journey! 😊
<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Polish|Polish]] → [[Language/Polish/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Polish/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Verbs and Tenses → Present Tense</div>
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== Introduction ==
==Introduction==


In this lesson, we will dive into the world of Polish verbs and tenses by exploring the present tense. As a complete beginner, it's important to grasp the fundamentals of verb conjugation in order to communicate effectively in Polish. By the end of this lesson, you will be able to form and use the present tense with both regular and irregular verbs. We will also touch upon the concept of perfective and imperfective aspects, which play a significant role in Polish grammar.
The present tense exists only in the imperfective aspect in Polish, as an action will always be in the process of being completed in the present.  


== Regular Verbs ==


Let's start with regular verbs, which follow a predictable pattern for conjugation in the present tense. In Polish, verbs are classified into three conjugation groups based on the ending of their infinitive form. These groups are distinguished by the vowel that precedes the ending.
If you were to conjugate a verb in the present tense using the perfective form, you get the future tense, which can be found on this page: [[Language/Polish/Grammar/Future-Tense|Polish Future Tense]].


=== First Conjugation: -ać Verbs ===


The first conjugation group consists of verbs that end in -ać. To conjugate these verbs in the present tense, we replace the -ać ending with the appropriate suffix for each person. Here is the conjugation of the verb "mówić" (to speak):


===Examples===
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Polish !! Pronunciation !! English
!
!1st Sing<br>
(Ja)
!2nd Sing<br>
(Ty)
!3rd Sing<br>
(On, Ona, Ono, Pan, Pani)
!1st Plural<br>
(My)
!2nd Plural<br>
(Wy)
!3rd Plural <br>
(Oni, One, Panie, Panowie)
|-
|-
| mówię  || mu-vee-yeh  || I speak
|Robić
|Robię
|Robisz
|Robi
|Robimy
|Robicie
|Robią
|-
|-
| mówisz || mu-veesh  || you speak (singular, informal)
|Powtarzać
|Powtarzam
|Powtarzasz
|Powtarza
|Powtarzamy
|Powtarzacie
|Powtarzają
|-
|-
| mówi  || mu-vee    || he/she/it speaks
|Próbować
|-
|Próbuję
| mówimy || mu-vee-mi  || we speak
|Próbujesz
|-
|Próbuje
| mówicie|| mu-vee-tsyeh|| you speak (plural, formal)
|Próbujemy
|-
|Próbujecie
| mówią  || mu-vee-ont || they speak
|Próbują
|}
|}


=== Second Conjugation: -eć Verbs ===
===How does it work?===


The second conjugation group consists of verbs that end in -eć. To conjugate these verbs in the present tense, we replace the -eć ending with the appropriate suffix for each person. Let's take a look at the conjugation of the verb "czytać" (to read):
First we have the subject, but it isn't necessary.  


Then we have some verb (like in the table above) and then rest of the sentence.
*<code>subject (ja/ty/on/ona/ono/my/wy/oni) + verb + rest of the sentence (where, why, how etc.)</code>
For example:
*Ja robię obiad or  Robię obiad
<blockquote>I'm making a dinner now.</blockquote>
== 1st Group: -ę, -esz==
The first conjugation is followed by:
* verbs ending in '''-''c''''' (''piec'',''biec'', ''strzec''),
* verbs in '''consonant + ''ć''''' (''nieść'', ''wieźć''),
* verbs in '''-''ować''''' (''rysować'', ''rachować''): in this case the suffix becomes '''-''uj''''' (''rys'''uj'''ę'').
* verbs in '''-''ąć''''' (''dąć'', ''dźwignąć''),
* verbs in -'''''ić'', -''yć'', -''uć''''' monosyllabic or compound over monosyllabic (pić, żyć, wyżyć, pluć)
* some verbs in '''-ać''' and in '''-eć''' (pisać, chcieć).
=== To Write ===
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Polish !! Pronunciation !! English
!
!'''brać (to take)'''
!'''pisać (to write)'''
!'''łapać (to catch)'''
|-
|-
| czytam || chitam    || I read
!'''1S'''
|biorę
|piszę
|łapię
|-
|-
| czytasz|| chitash    || you read (singular, informal)
!'''2S'''
|bierzesz
|piszesz
|łapiesz
|-
|-
| czyta  || chita      || he/she/it reads
!'''3S'''
|bierze
|pisze
|łapie
|-
|-
| czytamy|| chitami    || we read
!'''1P'''
|bierzemy
|piszemy
|łapiemy
|-
|-
| czytacie|| chitatsyeh|| you read (plural, formal)
!'''2P'''
|bierzecie
|piszecie
|łapiecie
|-
|-
| czytają|| chitont    || they read
!'''3P'''
|biorą
|piszą
|łapią
|}
|}


=== Third Conjugation: -ić Verbs ===
== 2nd groupe: -ę, -isz ==
 
The second conjugation includes:
The third conjugation group consists of verbs that end in -ić. To conjugate these verbs in the present tense, we replace the -ić ending with the appropriate suffix for each person. Let's look at the conjugation of the verb "robić" (to do):
* the verbs in '''-ić, -yć''' dissyllabic (mówić, tańczyć),
* some verbs in '''-ać''' and in '''-eć''' (spać, widzieć).


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Polish !! Pronunciation !! English
!
!'''mówić (to talk)'''
!'''leżeć (to lie)'''
|-
|-
| robię  || ro-byeh    || I do
!'''1S'''
|mówię
|leżę
|-
|-
| robisz || ro-bish    || you do (singular, informal)
!'''2S'''
|mówisz
|leżysz
|-
|-
| robi  || ro-bee    || he/she/it does
!'''3S'''
|mówi
|leży
|-
|-
| robimy || ro-bee-mi  || we do
!'''1P'''
|mówimy
|leżymy
|-
|-
| robicie|| ro-bee-tsyeh|| you do (plural, formal)
!'''2P'''
|mówicie
|leżycie
|-
|-
| robią  || ro-bee-ont || they do
!'''3P'''
|mówią
|leżą
|}
|}


== Irregular Verbs ==
== 3rd group: -am, -asz ==
 
While regular verbs follow a consistent pattern, irregular verbs have unique conjugation forms in the present tense. These verbs must be memorized individually. Here are some common irregular verbs and their conjugation forms:


=== "Być" (to be) ===
The third conjugation concerns certain verbs in '''-ać''' and in '''-eć''' (słuchać, rozumieć).
 
The verb "być" is used to express states of being and is highly irregular in Polish. Here is its conjugation in the present tense:


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Polish !! Pronunciation !! English
!
!słuchać ('''to listen)'''
!mieć ('''to have)'''
!rozumieć (to '''understand)'''
|-
|-
| jestem  || yes-tem    || I am
!1S
|słucham
|mam
|rozumiem
|-
|-
| jesteś  || yes-tesh  || you are (singular, informal)
!2S
|słuchasz
|masz
|rozumiesz
|-
|-
| jest    || yest      || he/she/it is
!3S
|słucha
|ma
|rozumie
|-
|-
| jesteśmy || yes-temi  || we are
!1P
|słuchamy
|mamy
|rozumiemy
|-
|-
| jesteście|| yes-tesh-ch|| you are (plural, formal)
!2P
|słuchacie
|macie
|rozumiecie
|-
|-
| są      || sont      || they are
!3P
|słuchają
|mają
|rozumieją
|}
|}


=== "Mieć" (to have) ===
== 4th group: -em, -esz ==


The verb "mieć" is used to express possession and is irregular in the present tense. Here is its conjugation:
=== rozumieć - to understand ===
* ja rozumiem
* ty rozumiesz
* on/ona/ono rozumie
* my rozumiemy
* wy rozumiecie
* oni/one rozumieją


=== umieć - can ===
* ja umiem
* ty umiesz
* on/ona/ono umie
* my umiemy
* wy umiecie
* oni/one umieją
== The verb "to be" - być ==
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Polish !! Pronunciation !! English
!
|'''być (to be)'''
|-
|-
| mam    || mam        || I have
!'''1S'''
|jestem
|-
|-
| masz    || mash      || you have (singular, informal)
!'''2S'''
|jesteś
|-
|-
| ma      || ma        || he/she/it has
!'''3S'''
|jest
|-
|-
| mamy    || mam-i      || we have
!'''1P'''
|jesteśmy
|-
|-
| macie  || mats-e    || you have (plural, formal)
!'''2P'''
|jesteście
|-
|-
| mają    || maw      || they have
!'''3P'''
|są
|}
|}


=== "Chcieć" (to want) ===
== Other examples ==
 
The verb "chcieć" is used to express desire and is irregular in the present tense. Here is its conjugation:
 
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Polish !! Pronunciation !! English
!English
!Polish
|-
!
=== To Love ===
!Kochać
|-
|I love
|Já kocham
|-
|You love
|Ty kochasz
|-
|He loves
|On kocha
|-
|We love
|My kochamy
|-
|You love
|Wy kochacie
|-
|They love
|Oni kochają
|-
!
=== To Speak ===
!Mówić
|-
|I speak
|Já mówię
|-
|You speak
|Ty mówisz
|-
|He speaks
|On mówi
|-
|We speak
|My mówimy
|-
|You speak
|Wy mówicie
|-
|They speak
|Oni mówią
|-
|-
| chcę    || h-tseh    || I want
!
=== To Sleep ===
!Spać
|-
|-
| chcesz  || h-tesh    || you want (singular, informal)
|I sleep
|Já śpię
|-
|-
| chce    || h-tseh    || he/she/it wants
|You sleep
|Ty śpisz
|-
|-
| chcemy  || h-tse-mi  || we want
|He sleeps
|On śpi
|-
|-
| chcecie || h-tse-tsyeh|| you want (plural, formal)
|We sleep
|My śpimy
|-
|-
| chcą    || h-tson    || they want
|You sleep
|Wy śpicie
|-
|They sleep
|Oni śpią
|-
!
=== To Eat ===
!Jeść
|-
|I eat
|Já jem
|-
|You eat
|Ty jesz
|-
|He eats
|On je
|-
|We eat
|My jemy
|-
|You eat
|Wy  jecie
|-
|They eat
|Oni jedzą
|}
|}
== Perfective and Imperfective Aspects ==
In Polish, verbs can be classified into two aspects: perfective and imperfective. The aspect of a verb indicates whether an action is completed or ongoing. It's important to understand the distinction between perfective and imperfective verbs when using the present tense.
- Perfective Verbs: These verbs describe completed actions. They usually have a prefix attached to the base verb. For example, the verb "uczyć się" (to learn) is perfective, while the base verb "uczyć" means "to teach" and is imperfective. The conjugation of perfective verbs follows the same rules as regular verbs.
- Imperfective Verbs: These verbs describe ongoing or habitual actions. They do not have a prefix attached to the base verb. The conjugation of imperfective verbs follows the same rules as regular verbs.
== Conclusion ==
Congratulations! You have successfully learned how to form and use the present tense in Polish. You now have the tools to communicate in the present tense with both regular and irregular verbs. Remember to practice regularly and explore different verb conjugations to strengthen your understanding. In the next lesson, we will delve into the past tense and expand your knowledge of Polish verb tenses.
{{#seo:
|title=Polish Grammar → Verbs and Tenses → Present Tense
|keywords=Polish grammar, Polish verbs, Polish present tense, regular verbs in Polish, irregular verbs in Polish, perfective aspect in Polish, imperfective aspect in Polish
|description=Learn how to form and use the present tense in Polish, including regular and irregular verbs, and the difference between perfective and imperfective aspects.
}}
{{Polish-0-to-A1-Course-TOC}}
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[[Category:Polish-Course]]
[[Category:0-to-A1-Course]]
[[Category:Polish-0-to-A1-Course]]
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==Videos==
==Videos==
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<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S_n3rLrlRN0</youtube>
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S_n3rLrlRN0</youtube>


 
== Sources ==
 
* https://www.po-polsku.fr
 
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polish_grammar
* https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wAHgSz_n3e8
* https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S_n3rLrlRN0


==Other Lessons==
==Other Lessons==
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* [[Language/Polish/Grammar/Cases|Cases]]
* [[Language/Polish/Grammar/Cases|Cases]]


{{Polish-0-to-A1-Course-TOC}}


 
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[[Category:Polish-Course]]
 
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