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<span pgnav>
{| class="wikitable pg_template_nav"
|[[Language/Polish/Grammar/Present-Tense|◀️ Present Tense — Previous Lesson]]
|[[Language/Polish/Vocabulary/Modes-of-Transportation|Next Lesson — Modes of Transportation ▶️]]
|}
</span>
{{Polish-Page-Top}}
<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Polish|Polish]]  → [[Language/Polish/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Polish/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Verbs and Tenses → Past Tense</div>
__TOC__
== Introduction ==
== Introduction ==
Like the future tense ([[Language/Polish/Grammar/Future-Tense]]), the Polish past tense has two aspects, perfective and imperfective, and is shown with the same pairs. Polish past tense will tell you person, number, gender, and aspect. Basic rules are as follows: directly after the verb stem, you can have e (or nothing) which indicate the person or object is masculine, a, which indicates feminine. There's also i which indicates at least one or more Animate/living male persons, or y which indicates no animate/living male persons. Directly after these you may have m, which indicates first person, ś which indicates second, nothing, which indicates third singular or third plural, śmy which indicates first plural, or ście, which is second plural. For clarity, examples will be given below.


In this lesson, we will explore the past tense in Polish. The past tense is used to talk about actions or events that have already happened. By learning how to form and use the past tense, you will be able to express yourself more accurately in Polish and engage in conversations about past experiences, stories, or historical events. We will cover regular and irregular verbs, as well as the distinction between perfective and imperfective aspects. Let's dive into the fascinating world of the Polish past tense!
== Perfective ==
 
Zrobić
== Regular Verbs in the Past Tense ==
 
In Polish, regular verbs in the past tense are formed by adding specific endings to the verb stem. The endings depend on the gender, number, and person of the subject. Let's take a look at the different endings for each gender and number:
 
=== Masculine Verbs ===
 
{| class="wikitable"
! Polish !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| uczyłem || ooch-eh-wem || I taught
|-
| uczyłeś || ooch-eh-wesh || you (singular) taught
|-
| uczył || ooch-eh-wew || he taught
|-
| uczyliśmy || ooch-eh-weesh-m || we taught
|-
| uczyliście || ooch-eh-weesh-tyeh || you (plural) taught
|-
| uczyli || ooch-eh-wee || they taught
|}
 
=== Feminine Verbs ===
 
{| class="wikitable"
! Polish !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| uczyłam || ooch-eh-wam || I taught
|-
| uczyłaś || ooch-eh-wash || you (singular) taught
|-
| uczyła || ooch-eh-vah || she taught
|-
| uczyłyśmy || ooch-eh-wish-m || we taught
|-
| uczyłyście || ooch-eh-wish-tyeh || you (plural) taught
|-
| uczyły || ooch-eh-wee || they taught
|}
 
=== Neuter Verbs ===
 
{| class="wikitable"
! Polish !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| uczyło || ooch-eh-wo || it taught
|-
| uczyłyśmy || ooch-eh-wish-m || we taught
|-
| uczyłyście || ooch-eh-wish-tyeh || you (plural) taught
|-
| uczyły || ooch-eh-wee || they taught
|}
 
=== Examples ===
 
Now let's see these verb forms in action with some examples:
 
* Ja uczyłem polskiego. (I taught Polish.)
* Ty uczyłeś matematyki. (You taught math.)
* On uczył historii. (He taught history.)
* My uczyliśmy angielskiego. (We taught English.)
* Wy uczyliście francuskiego. (You taught French.)
* Oni uczyli niemieckiego. (They taught German.)
 
== Irregular Verbs in the Past Tense ==
 
While regular verbs follow a predictable pattern in the past tense, there are also many irregular verbs in Polish. These verbs have unique conjugations and do not follow the standard rules. It's important to memorize the conjugation of irregular verbs to use them correctly in sentences. Let's explore some common irregular verbs in the past tense:
 
=== Być (to be) ===
 
The verb "być" (to be) is highly irregular in Polish and has its own unique conjugation in the past tense. Here are the forms for each gender and number:
 
{| class="wikitable"
! Polish !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| byłem || bih-wem || I was
|-
| byłeś || bih-wesh || you (singular) were
|-
| był || bihw || he was
|-
| byliśmy || bih-weesh-m || we were
|-
| byliście || bih-weesh-tyeh || you (plural) were
|-
| byli || bih-wee || they were
|}
 
=== Mieć (to have) ===
 
The verb "mieć" (to have) is another irregular verb in Polish. Here are its forms in the past tense:
 
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Polish !! Pronunciation !! English
!Singular
|-
!Male
| miałem || myah-wem || I had
!Female
|-
!Neuter
| miałeś || myah-wesh || you (singular) had
|-
|-
| miał || myahw || he had
|1st (ja)
|Zrobiłem
|Zrobiłam
|
|-
|-
| mieliśmy || myeh-leesh-m || we had
|2nd (ty)
|Zrobiłeś
|Zrobiłaś
|
|-
|-
| mieliście || myeh-leesh-tyeh || you (plural) had
|3rd (on, ona, ono)
|-
|Zrobił
| mieli || myeh-lee || they had
|Zrobiła
|Zrobiło
|}
|}
=== Przyjść (to come) ===
The verb "przyjść" (to come) is irregular in the past tense as well. Let's take a look at its conjugation:
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Polish !! Pronunciation !! English
!Plural
|-
!masculine (męskoosobowy)
| przyszedłem || pshih-shed-wem || I came
!not masculine (niemęskoosobowy)
|-
!
| przyszedłeś || pshih-shed-wesh || you (singular) came
|-
|-
| przyszedł || pshih-shed-wew || he came
|1st (my)
|Zrobiliśmy
|Zrobiłyście
|
|-
|-
| przyszliśmy || pshih-shem-yesh-m || we came
|2nd (wy)
|Zrobiliście
|Zrobiłyście
|
|-
|-
| przyszliście || pshih-shem-yesh-tyeh || you (plural) came
|3rd (oni/one)
|-
|Zrobili
| przyszli || pshih-shem-yee || they came
|Zrobiły
|
|}
|}


=== Examples ===
== Imperfective ==
 
Próbować
Here are some example sentences using irregular verbs in the past tense:
 
* Byłem w Polsce. (I was in Poland.)
* Miałeś dużo pracy. (You had a lot of work.)
* Przyszedł do mnie wczoraj. (He came to me yesterday.)
 
== Perfective and Imperfective Aspects ==
 
In Polish, verbs can be classified into two aspects: perfective and imperfective. The aspect of a verb indicates whether the action is seen as completed or ongoing. The past tense forms for perfective and imperfective verbs differ slightly. Let's explore the differences between the two aspects in the past tense:
 
=== Perfective Verbs ===
 
Perfective verbs in the past tense have a distinct set of endings. Here are the forms for each gender and number:
 
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Polish !! Pronunciation !! English
!Singular
!Male
!Female
!Neuter
|-
|-
| zrobiłem || zroh-bee-wem || I did
|1st (ja)
|Próbowałem
|Próbowałam
|
|-
|-
| zrobiłeś || zroh-bee-wesh || you (singular) did
|2nd (ty)
|Próbowałeś
|Próbowałaś
|
|-
|-
| zrobił || zroh-beew || he did
|3rd (on, ona, ono)
|-
|Próbował
| zrobiliśmy || zroh-bee-weesh-m || we did
|Próbowała
|-
|Próbowało
| zrobiliście || zroh-bee-weesh-tyeh || you (plural) did
|-
| zrobili || zroh-bee-wee || they did
|}
|}
=== Imperfective Verbs ===
The past tense forms for imperfective verbs have different endings compared to perfective verbs. Let's take a look:
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Polish !! Pronunciation !! English
!Plural
|-
!masculine (męskoosobowy)
| robiłem || roh-bee-wem || I was doing
!not masculine (niemęskoosobowy)
|-
!
| robiłeś || roh-bee-wesh || you (singular) were doing
|-
| robił || roh-beew || he was doing
|-
|-
| robiliśmy || roh-bee-weesh-m || we were doing
|1st (my)
|Próbowaliśmy
|Próbowałyście
|
|-
|-
| robiliście || roh-bee-weesh-tyeh || you (plural) were doing
|2nd (wy)
|Próbowaliście
|Próbowałyście
|
|-
|-
| robili || roh-bee-wee || they were doing
|3rd (oni/one)
|Próbowali
|Próbowały
|
|}
|}
Polish language-past tense - perfective and imperfective:


=== Examples ===
singular number - 1st person  : male, female
 
Let's see how perfective and imperfective verbs are used in sentences:


* Zrobiłem zadanie. (I did the task.) - perfective
- 2nd person : male, female
* Robiłem zadanie. (I was doing the task.) - imperfective
* Zrobiłeś prezent dla mnie. (You did a present for me.) - perfective
* Robiłeś prezent dla mnie. (You were doing a present for me.) - imperfective


== Conclusion ==
- 3rd person :  male, female, neute


Congratulations! You have learned how to form and use the past tense in Polish. We covered regular and irregular verbs, as well as the distinction between perfective and imperfective aspects. By practicing the past tense, you will become more confident in expressing past events and experiences in Polish. Keep up the great work and continue exploring the rich world of Polish grammar and language!
plural number - 1st person  : masculine , not masculine


{{#seo:
- 2nd person : masculine, not masculine
|title=Polish Grammar → Verbs and Tenses → Past Tense
|keywords=Polish grammar, Polish verbs, Polish past tense, regular verbs, irregular verbs, perfective aspect, imperfective aspect
|description=In this lesson, you will learn how to form and use the past tense in Polish, including regular and irregular verbs, and the difference between perfective and imperfective aspects.
}}


{{Polish-0-to-A1-Course-TOC}}
-3rd person  : masculine, not masculine
 
[[Category:Course]]
[[Category:Polish-Course]]
[[Category:0-to-A1-Course]]
[[Category:Polish-0-to-A1-Course]]
<span gpt></span> <span model=gpt-3.5-turbo-16k></span> <span temperature=0.7></span>
 
==Videos==
===p1s - POLISH PAST TENSE===
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2NonHfFiTKU</youtube>
===JAK WEEKEND? Past tense - step 1===
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zCtVWurtIrI</youtube>
 
 
 
 
 
==Other Lessons==
* [[Language/Polish/Grammar/Definite-Articles-in-Polish|Definite Articles in Polish]]
* [[Language/Polish/Grammar/być-to-be|być to be]]
* [[Language/Polish/Grammar/Adverbs|Adverbs]]
* [[Language/Polish/Grammar/Pronouns|Pronouns]]
* [[Language/Polish/Grammar/Adjectives|Adjectives]]
* [[Language/Polish/Grammar/Plural|Plural]]
* [[Language/Polish/Grammar/Declension-of-nouns---deklinacja-rzeczowników|Declension of nouns deklinacja rzeczowników]]
* [[Language/Polish/Grammar/Be-Polite|Be Polite]]
* [[Language/Polish/Grammar/How-to-Use-Have|How to Use Have]]
 
 
 
{{Polish-Page-Bottom}}
 
<span pgnav>
{| class="wikitable pg_template_nav"
 
|[[Language/Polish/Grammar/Present-Tense|◀️ Present Tense — Previous Lesson]]
|[[Language/Polish/Vocabulary/Modes-of-Transportation|Next Lesson — Modes of Transportation ▶️]]
|}
</span>

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