Language/Multiple-languages/Vocabulary/Pronouns
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If you have learned some languages, you will want to ask a question like this: what can I do to express something in this language.
Different languages have different answers. Here we see answers from Nigro-Congo, Austronesian, Indo-European, Sino-Tibetan, Afroasiatic, Austroasiatic, Dravidian, Japonic, language isolate.
Far from being completed.
Person
How to indicate the speaker
By the first-person singular pronoun
How to indicate the listener
By the second-person singular pronoun
How to indicate a person being neither the speaker nor the listener
By the third-person singular pronoun
How to indicate people including the speaker and excluding the listener (exclusive “we”)
By the first-person plural pronoun
How to indicate people excluding the speaker and including the listener
By the second-person plural pronoun
How to indicate people including the speaker and the listener (inclusive “we”)
By the first-person plural pronoun
How to indicate people excluding the speaker and the listener
By the third-person plural pronoun
How to tell the one being referenced is animate or inanimate
By the context
By the animate and inanimate pronoun
| language | word | note |
|---|---|---|
| Finnish | se/ne | for inanimate and non-human animate things |
| Persian | آن | for singular inanimate things |
| Thai | มัน | for inanimate and non-human animate things |
How to tell the one being referenced is human or animal
By the no-gender pronoun
By the human and animal pronouns
| language | word | note |
|---|---|---|
| Finnish | se/ne | for inanimate and non-human animate things |
| Thai | มัน | for inanimate and non-human animate things |
How to tell the person being referenced is male or female
By the third-person singular pronouns with gender
| language | word | note |
|---|---|---|
| Amharic | እሱ; እሷ | |
| Arabic | هو; هي | |
| Basque | he; zuen | |
| Bengali | তিনি; সে | |
| Burmese | သူ; သူမ | |
| English | he; she | |
| French | il; elle | |
| German | er; sie | |
| Hausa | shi; ta | |
| Hebrew | הוא; היא | |
| Italian | lui; lei | |
| Japanese | 彼; 彼女 | |
| Javanese | piyambakipun; dheweke | |
| Kannada | ಅವನು; ಅವಳು | |
| Khmer | គាត់; នាង | |
| Korean | 그; 그녀 | |
| Malayalam | അവൻ; അവൾ | |
| Portuguese | ele; ela | |
| Russian | он; она | |
| Somali | isagu; iyada | |
| Spanish | él; ella | |
| Tamil | அவர்; அவள் | |
| Telugu | అతను; ఆమె | |
| Vietnamese | anh ta; bà ấy | |
| Yoruba | oun; o |
By the third-person singular pronoun and context
| language | word | note |
|---|---|---|
| Chinese Cantonese | 佢 | |
| Chinese Mandarin | 他; 她 | read the same |
| Filipino | siya | |
| Finnish | hän | |
| Haitian | li | |
| Hindi | वह | |
| Hungarian | ő | |
| Igbo | ọ | |
| Malay/Indonesian | dia | |
| Persian | او | |
| Swahili | yeye | |
| Turkish | o | |
| Punjabi | ਉਹ | |
| Shona | iye | |
| Urdu | وہ |