Language/Multiple-languages/Grammar/Various-word-orders-in-various-languages
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This lesson is about word orders, which can be mainly divided into six types, with smaller differences inside each type.
S represents subject, O represents object, V represents verb.
SOV and SVO take the most proportions, each accounting for about 2/5.
There can be more than one order in a language, the listed are just the most common cases.
Note that in some languages the pronouns are omitted. The person is indicated by conjugation.
- Example sentence 1 has a subject, a verb.
- Example sentence 2 has a subject, a verb, a direct object.
- Example sentence 3 has a subject, a verb, a direct object, an indirect object.
| SOV language | example 1 | example 2 | example 3 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hindi | वह जाएगी। | मुझे एक इमारत दिखाई देती है। | तुमने उसे कलम दे दी। |
| Japanese | 彼女が行きます。 | 私は建物を見る。 | あなたは彼にペンを与えた。 |
| Korean | 그녀가 갈거야. | 나는 건물을 본다. | 당신은 그에게 펜을 줬다. |
| Iranian Persian | .او خواهد رفت | .من یک ساختمان را می بینم | .شما به او یک قلم دادید |
| Standard Arabic | .سوف تذهب | .مبنى أرى | .قلما أعطيته |
| Turkish | O gidecek. | Bir bina görüyorum. | Ona bir kalem verdin. |
| SVO language | example 1 | example 2 | example 3 |
| Afrikaans | Sy sal gaan. | Ek sien 'n gebou. | Jy het vir hom 'n pen gegee. |
| Belarusian | Яна пойдзе. | Бачу будынак. | Ты даў яму ручку. |
| Danish | Hun vil gå. | Jeg ser en bygning. | Du gav ham en kuglepen. |
| Dutch | Ze zal gaan. | Ik zie een gebouw. | Je gaf hem een pen. |
| English | She will go. | I see a building. | You gave him a pen. |
| Esperanto | Ŝi iros. | Mi vidas konstuaĵon. | Vi donis al li plumon. |
| Finnish | Hän tulee menemään. | Näen rakennuksen. | Annoit hänelle kynän. |
| French | Elle ira. | Je vois un bâtiment. | Vous lui avez donné un stylo. |
| German | Sie wird gehen. | Ich sehe ein Gebäude. | Du gabst ihm einen Stift. |
| Hebrew | .היא תלך | .אני רואה בניין | .נתת לו עט |
| Icelandic | Hún mun fara. | Ég sé byggingu. | Þú gafst honum penna. |
| Italian | Lei andrà. | Vedo un edificio. | Gli hai dato una penna. |
| Lithuanian | Ji eis. | Matau pastatą. | Tu davei jam rašiklį. |
| Mandarin Chinese | 她會去。/她会去。 | 我看到一座建築物。/我看到一座建筑物。 | 你給他一支鋼筆。/你给他一支钢笔。 |
| Modern Greek | Θα πάει. | Βλέπω ένα κτίριο. | Του έδωσες ένα στυλό. |
| Norwegian | Hun vil gå. | Jeg ser en bygning. | Du ga ham en penn. |
| Polish | Ona pójdzie. | Widzę budynek. | Dałeś mu długopis. |
| Portugese | Ela vai. | Eu vejo um prédio. | Você deu a ele uma caneta. |
| Russian | Она пойдет. | Я вижу здание. | Вы дали ему ручку. |
| Spanish | Ella irá. | Veo un edificio. | Le diste una pluma. |
| Swedish | Hon kommer att gå. | Jag ser en byggnad. | Du gav honom en penna. |
| Ukranian | Вона піде. | Я бачу будівлю. | Ти дав йому ручку. |
| Vietnamese | Cô ấy sẽ đi. | Tôi thấy một tòa nhà. | Bạn đưa cho anh một cây bút. |
| VSO language | example 1 | example 2 | example 3 |
| Filipino | Pupunta siya. | Nakikita ko ang isang gusali. | Binigyan mo siya ng panulat. |
| Irish | Beidh sí ag dul. | Feicim foirgneamh. | Thug tú peann air. |
| Welsh | Bydd hi'n mynd. | Gwelaf adeilad. | Rhoddodd eich ysgrifbin iddo. |
| VOS language | example 1 | example 2 | example 3 |
| Malagasy | Handeha izy. | Nahita tranobe iray aho. | Nomenao penina izy. |
| OSV language | example 1 | example 2 | example 3 |
| OVS language | example 1 | example 2 | example 3 |
More information
Wikipedia article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Word_order
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Languages_by_word_order