Language/Multiple-languages/Culture/Most-Famous-Non–Contemporary-Artists
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This is a list of artists (including writers, musicians, etc.) in different times around the world.
Don't forget to use Tor Browser and set the exit node if they don't show you for the geographical reason.
Not all are good for kids or adolescents: some have sexual content, some have radical thoughts.
In progress.
20th Century
| name | region | period | family background | title | style | link to works |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Albert Camus | Algeria, France | French Algeria, French Third Republic, Vichy France, Provisional Government of the French Republic, French Fourth Republic, French Fifth Republic | worker | philosopher, author, journalist | Absurdism | |
| Alberto Pincherle (Alberto Moravia) | Italy | Kingdom of Italy, World War II, Italian Republic | architect and painter | novelist and journalist | ||
| Andy Warhol | United States of America | Roaring Twenties, Great Depression, World War II, Post-War Era, Civil Rights Era, Reagan Era | miner | painter, film director, film producer | Pop Art | |
| Arthur Charles Clarke | England, Sri Lanka | World War I, Interwar period, World War II, Post-war period, Dominion of Ceylon, Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka | writer, futurist, inventor, undersea explorer, television series host | |||
| Eric Arthur Blair (George Orwell) | India, Burma, England, France, Spain | British Raj, British rule in Burma, Interwar, French Third Republic, Spanish Civil War, World War II, Post-war Britain | civil servant | novelist, essayist, journalist, literary critic | ||
| Gabriel García Márquez | Colombia, Mexico | Liberal and Conservative Conflict, National Front regime, "Revolution to evolution", Economic crisis in Mexico, Ernesto Zedillo, Vicente Fox Quesada, Felipe Calderón Hinojosa, Enrique Peña Nieto | pharmacist | novelist, short-story writer, screenwriter, journalist | Latin American Boom, Magic Realism | |
| Isaac Asimov | Russia, United States of America | Russian Revolution, Roaring Twenties, Great Depression, World War II, Post-war Era, Civil Rights Era, Reagan Era, Post-Cold War Era | miller | writer, professor | ||
| Jerome David Salinger | United States of America | World War I, Roaring Twenties, Great Depression, World War II, Post-war Era, Civil Rights Era, Reagan Era, Post-Cold War Era, modern day | kosher cheese trader | writer | ||
| Louis Daniel Armstrong | United States of America | Progressive Era, World War I, Roaring Twenties, Great Depression, World War II, Post-war Era, Civil Rights Era | musician, singer | |||
| Magdalena Carmen Frida Kahlo y Calderón | Mexico, United States of America | Mexican Revolution, Consolidation of revolution, Great Depression, Consolidation of revolution, "Revolution to evolution" | painter and photographer | painter | Surrealism, Magic Realism, Naïve | |
| Michael Joseph Jackson | United States of America | Post-war Era, Civil Rights Era, Reagan Era, Post-Cold War Era, Modern day | crane operator and band guitarist | singer, songwriter, dancer, record producer | ||
| Odysseas Elytis (Greek: Οδυσσέας Ελύτης) | Greece | 2 November 1911 – 18 March 1996 | Poet | In 1979, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature | Romantic, Modernism | |
| Paul Jackson Pollock | United States of America | Progressive Era, World War I, Roaring Twenties, Great Depression, World War II, Post-war Era | farmer, land surveyor | painter | Abstract Expressionism | |
| Primo Michele Levi | Italy | Kingdom of Italy, World War II, Italian Republic | worker | chemist, partisan, Holocaust survivor and writer | ||
| Roald Dahl | England | World War I, Interwar, World War II, Post-war period | ship broker | novelist, short-story writer, poet, screenwriter, fighter pilot | ||
| Robert Anson Heinlein | United States of America | Progressive Era, World War I, Roaring Twenties, Great Depression, World War II, Post-war Era, Civil Rights Era, Reagan Era | writer, aeronautical engineer, naval officer | |||
| Salvador Domingo Felipe Jacinto Dalí i Domènech | Spain, France, United States of America | Bourbon Restoration in Spain, French Third Republic, Great Depression, World War II, Post-war Era, Francoist Spain, Post-Franco Spain | lawyer and notary | painter, photographer, sculptor, writer | Cubism, Dada, Surrealism | |
| Thomas Leo Clancy | United States of America | Post-war Era, Civil Rights Era, Reagan Era, Post-Cold War Era | postman | novelist | ||
| Umberto Eco | Italy | Fascist Italy, World War II, Italian Republic | accountant | medievalist, philosopher, semiotician, cultural critic, commentator, novelist | ||
| Александр Исаевич Солженицын
Aleksandr Isayevich Solzhenitsyn |
Russia, United States of America | Russian Revolution, Soviet Era, Civil Rights Era, Reagan Era, Post-Cold War Era in the USA, Russian Federation | landowner | novelist, essayist, historian | ||
| ਅੰਮ੍ਰਿਤਾ ਸ਼ੇਰਗਿਲ
Amrita Sher-Gil |
Hungary, India, France | Hungarian Republic, Kingdom of Hungary, British Raj, French Third Republic | aristocrat and scholar | painter | ||
| 平岡公威 (三島由紀夫)
Hiraoka Kimitake (Mishima Yukio) |
Japan | Taishō period, Shōwa financial crisis, Growth of militarism, World War II, Allied Occupation of Japan, Japanese economic miracle | official | novelist, playwright, poet, short-story writer, essayist, critic | Romanticism, Aestheticism | |
| 查良鏞 (金庸) / Louis Cha
Zha Liangyong (Jin Yong) |
China | Republic of China, British Hong Kong, People's Republic of China | landowner | novelist, essayist, newspaper founder, newspaper editor | ||
| 張愛玲 / Eileen Chang
Chang Ai-ling |
China, United States of America | Republic of China, British Hong Kong, Post-war Era, Civil Rights Era, Reagan Era, Post-Cold War Era | naval commander | novelist, essayist, playwright, screenwriter, short-story writer | ||
| 遠藤周作
Endō Shūsaku |
Japan | Taishō period, Shōwa period, Heisei period | writer |
19th Century
| name | region | period | family background | title | style | link to works |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Achille-Claude Debussy | France, Italy | Second French Empire, French Third Republic, Kingdom of Italy | shop owner | composer | Impressionism | |
| Agatha Christie | England | Victorian era, Edwardian era, World War I, Interwar, World War II, Postwar era | army officer | novelist, short-story writer, playwright, poet, memoirist | Golden Age of Detective Fiction | |
| Alexandre César Léopold Bizet (Georges Bizet) | France, Italy | July Monarchy, French Second Republic, Second French Empire, Unification of Italy, French Third Republic | singing teacher | composer | Romanticism | |
| Alexandre Dumas | France | First French Empire, Bourbon Restoration, July Monarchy, French Second Republic, Second French Empire | noble | novelist, playwright | Romanticism, Historical Fiction | |
| Amantine Lucile Aurore Dupin (George Sand) | France | First French Empire, Bourbon Restoration, July Monarchy, French Second Republic, Second French Empire, French Third Republic | noble | novelist, memoirist, journalist | Romanticism, Pastoralism | |
| Antonín Leopold Dvořák | Bohemia, United States of America | Austrian Empire, Austro-Hungarian Empire, Gilded Age | innkeeper and butcher | composer | Romanticism | |
| Arthur Ignatius Conan Doyle | England | Victorian era, Edwardian era, World War I, Interwar | illustrator and civil servant | writer, physician | ||
| Charles-Camille Saint-Saëns | France | July Monarchy, French Second Republic, Second French Empire, French Third Republic | official | composer, organist, conductor, pianist | Romanticism | |
| Charles John Huffam Dickens | England, United States of America, France | Georgian era, Jacksonian democracy, July Monarchy, Victorian era, Reconstruction era | clerk in the Navy Pay Office | writer, social critic | ||
| Charles Lutwidge Dodgson (Lewis Carroll) | England | Victorian era | clergy | writer, illustrator, poet, mathematician, photographer, teacher, inventor | ||
| Charles Spencer Chaplin | England, United States of America, Switzerland | Victorian era, Edwardian era, Progressive Era, World War I, Roaring Twenties, Great Depression, World War II, Post-war United States of America, Post-war Switzerland | music hall entertainer | actor, comedian, film director, composer, screenwriter, film producer, film editor | ||
| Clive Staples Lewis | England | Victorian era, Edwardian era, World War I, Interwar, World War II, Post-war era | solicitor | novelist, scholar, broadcaster | ||
| Edgar Allan Poe | United States of America | Jeffersonian Era, Era of Good Feelings, Jacksonian Era | actor | writer, poet, editor, literary critic | ||
| Edvard Munch | Norway, Germany, France | United Kingdoms of Sweden and Norway, Wilhelm II, French Third Republic, Interwar Independence of Norway, German occupation of Norway | doctor and medical officer | painter | Expressionism, Symbolism | |
| Emmanuel Roidis | Greece | Born 1836 in Syros -Died in Athens 1904.
Important literary figure of the 19th century, Emmanuel Roidis was amazingly versatile: a liberal, a republican, a brilliant and witty wordsmith, a novelist, an essayist, a critic, an indefatigable reader, translator and, above all, an acute and caustic observer. in Genoa of an intriguing medieval scandal, propelled him to publish Pope Joan in 1866, novel that ever gained international readership. |
Novelist, an essayist, a critic | Translator and, above all, an acute and caustic observer. | Caustic political texts | |
| Émile Édouard Charles Antoine Zola | Italy, France | Unification of Italy, Second French Empire, French Third Republic | engineer | novelist, journalist, playwright, poet | Naturalism | |
| Eric Alfred Leslie Satie | France | Second French Empire, French Third Republic | shipping broker | composer, pianist | ||
| Francis Jean Marcel Poulenc | France | French Third Republic, Vichy France, Provisional Government of the French Republic, French Fourth Republic, French Fifth Republic | pharmaceutical manufacturer owner | composer, pianist | ||
| Franz Kafka | Bohemia | Austro-Hungarian Empire, First Czechoslovak Republic | ritual slaughterer | novelist, short-story writer, insurance officer | Modernism | |
| Gabriele D'Annunzio | Italy | Kingdom of Italy | landowner and mayor | poet, playwright, orator, journalist, aristocrat, army officer | Decadent Movement | |
| Grant DeVolson Wood | United States of America | Gilded Age, Progressive Era, World War I, Roaring Twenties, Great Depression, World War II | painter | Regionalism | ||
| Gustave Flaubert | France | Bourbon Restoration, July Monarchy, French Second Republic, Second French Empire, French Third Republic | director and senior surgeon | novelist | Realism, Romanticism | |
| Hans Christian Andersen | Denmark | Denmark–Norway, nationalist and liberalist movements, industrialisation | writer | |||
| Hamid Aytaç | Turkey | decline and modernization of the Ottoman Empire, dissolution of the Ottoman Empire, Republic of Turkey | calligrapher | |||
| Hattat Mehmet Sâmi Efendi | Turkey | decline and modernization of the Ottoman Empire | guild official | calligrapher | ||
| Henri Émile Benoît Matisse | France | Second French Empire, French Third Republic, Vichy France, Provisional Government of the French Republic, French Fourth Republic | grain merchant | painter, draughtsman, printmaker, sculptor | Fauvism | |
| Henri René Albert Guy de Maupassant | France | French Second Republic, Second French Empire, French Third Republic | novelist, short story writer, poet | Naturalism, Realism | ||
| John Ronald Reuel Tolkien | Orange Free State, England | Orange Free State, Victorian Era, Edwardian Era, World War I, Interwar, World War II, Post-war Era | craftsman | writer, academic, philologist, poet | ||
| Joseph Maurice Ravel | France | French Third Republic | engineer | composer, pianist, conductor | Impressionism | |
| Jules Gabriel Verne | France | Bourbon Restoration, July Monarchy, French Second Republic, Second French Empire, French Third Republic | attorney | novelist, poet, playwright | Avant-garde, Surrealism | |
| Louis-Hector Berlioz | France, Italy | French First Republic, First French Empire, Bourbon Restoration, Unification of Italy, July Monarchy, French Second Republic | physician | composer, conductor | Romanticism | |
| Mehmed Şevki Efendi | Turkey | decline and modernization of the Ottoman Empire | calligrapher | |||
| Mehmet Âkif Ersoy | Turkey | decline and modernization of the Ottoman Empire, dissolution of the Ottoman Empire, Turkish War of Independence, Government of the Grand National Assembly, One-party period of the Republic of Turkey | poet, writer, academic, politician | The Republican Era | ||
| Oscar-Claude Monet | France, Algeria | July Monarchy, French Second Republic, Second French Empire, French Algeria, French Third Republic | merchant | painter | Impressionism | |
| Pablo Ruiz Picasso | Spain, France | Bourbon Restoration in Spain, French Third Republic, Vichy France, Provisional Government of the French Republic, French Fourth Republic, French Fifth Republic | painter | painter, sculptor, printmaker, ceramicist, theatre designer | Cubism, Surrealism | |
| Samuel Langhorne Clemens (Mark Twain) | United States of America | Jacksonian Era, Civil War Era, Reconstruction Era, Gilded Age, Progressive Era | attorney and judge | writer, humorist, entrepreneur, publisher, lecturer | ||
| Valentin Louis Georges Eugène Marcel Proust | France | French Third Republic | pathologist and epidemiologist | novelist, critic, essayist | ||
| Victor-Marie Hugo | France, Channel Islands | French First Republic, First French Empire, Bourbon Restoration, July Monarchy, French Second Republic, Second French Empire, Second French Empire, French Third Republic, Victorian Era | general | poet, novelist, essayist, playwright, dramatist | Romanticism | |
| Vincent Willem van Gogh | Netherlands, France | democratic and industrial development in Netherlands, French Third Republic | church minister | painter | Post-Impressionism | |
| Wilhelm Richard Wagner | Germany, Switzerland, Italy, France, England | Confederation of the Rhine, German Confederation, industrialisation and economic growth in Switzerland, unification of Italy, Second French Empire, German Empire | composer, theatre director, polemicist, conductor | |||
| Александр Сергеевич Пушкин
Alexander Sergeyevich Pushkin |
Russia | late Russian Empire | noble | poet, novelist, playwright | Romanticism, Realism | |
| Антон Павлович Чехов
Anton Pavlovich Chekhov |
Russia | late Russian Empire | grocery store owner | physician, short-story writer, playwright | Modernism | |
| Владимир Владимирович Набоков
Vladimir Vladimirovich Nabokov |
Russia, Germany, United States of America, Switzerland | late Russian Empire, Russian Revolution, Weimar Republic, Nazi Germany, World War II in the USA, Post-war Era in the USA, Post-war Switzerland | noble | novelist, poet, translator, and entomologist | Modernism, Post-Modernism | |
| Иван Сергеевич Тургенев
Ivan Sergeyevich Turgenev |
Russia | late Russian Empire | noble | novelist, short-story writer, poet, playwright, translator | Realism | |
| Лев Николаевич Толстой
Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy |
Russia | late Russian Empire | aristocrat | novelist, short-story writer, playwright, essayist | Realism | |
| Микола Васильович Гоголь / Николай Васильевич Гоголь
Mykola Vasyl'ovych Hohol / Nikolai Vasilyevich Gogol' |
Ukraine / Russia | late Russian Empire | military officer | Playwright, short-story writer, novelist | Surrealism | |
| Михаил Афанасьевич Булгаков
Mikhail Afanasyevich Bulgakov |
Russia | late Russian Empire, Russian Revolution, Establishment of the USSR, Stalinism | state councilor and professor | novelist, short-story writer, playwright, physician | ||
| Михаил Юрьевич Лермонтов
Mikhail Yuryevich Lermontov |
Russia | late Russian Empire | noble | writer, poet, painter | Romanticism, Pre-Realism | |
| Пётр Ильич Чайковский
Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky |
Russia | late Russian Empire | iron worker | composer | Romanticism | |
| Фёдор Михайлович Достоевский
Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky |
Russia | late Russian Empire | noble | military engineer, novelist, journalist | Realism | |
| Νίκος Καζαντζάκης
Nikos Kazantzakis |
Greece | King George I, World War I, Greco-Turkish War, 11 September 1922 Revolution, Second Hellenic Republic, 4th of August Regime, World War II, Greek Civil War, Post-war Greece | merchant | writer | ||
| অবনীন্দ্রনাথ ঠাকুর
Abanindranath Tagore |
India | British Raj, Union of India, Republic of India | noble | painter | Bengal School | |
| নন্দলাল বসু
Nandalal Bose |
India | British Raj, Union of India, Republic of India | painter | Contextual Modernism | ||
| যামিনী রায়
Jamini Roy |
India | British Raj, Union of India, Republic of India | landowner | painter | ||
| രാജാ രവിവർമ്മ
Raja Ravi Varma |
India | Kingdom of Travancore | aristocrat | painter | ||
| 이광수 [李光洙]
Yi Kwang-su |
Korea | late Joseon period, Korean Empire, Korea under Japanese rule, Provisional Government of Korea, Division of Korea | novelist, activist | |||
| 장승업 [張承業] (오원 [吾園])
Jang Seung-eop (Owon) |
Korea | late Jeoson period | painter | |||
| 최남선 [崔南善]
Choe Nam-seon |
Korea | late Joseon period, Korean Empire, Korea under Japanese rule, Provisional Government of Korea, Division of Korea | jungin | historian, poet, publisher | ||
| 川端康成
Kawabata Yasunari |
Japan | Meiji period, Taishō period, Shōwa financial crisis, Growth of militarism, World War II, Allied Occupation of Japan, Japanese economic miracle | doctor | novelist, short-story writer, essayist | Shinkankakuha | |
| 任頤 (任伯年)
Ren Yi (Ren Bonian) |
China | late Qing dynasty | rice merchant | painter | Shanghai School | |
| 吳昌碩
Wu Changshuo |
China | late Qing dynasty, Republic of China | painter, calligrapher, seal artist | Shanghai School | ||
| 谷崎潤一郎
Tanizaki Jun'ichirō |
Japan | Meiji period, Taishō period, Shōwa financial crisis, Growth of militarism, World War II, Allied Occupation of Japan, Japanese economic miracle | merchant | writer | Aestheticism | |
| 周樹人 (魯迅)
Zhou Shuren (Lu Xun) |
China | late Qing dynasty, Republic of China | landowner | essayist, short-story writer, critic | New Culture Movement | |
| 夏目金之助 (夏目漱石)
Natsume Kin'nosuke (Natsume Sōseki) |
Japan, England | Meiji period, Edwardian Era, Taishō period | official | novelist, essayist, critic | Yoyūha, Anti-Naturalism | |
| 徐悲鴻
Xu Beihong |
China, France | late Qing dynasty, Republic of China, French Third Republic, socialist transformation | teacher | painter | ||
| 張大千
Chang Dai-chien |
China | late Qing dynasty, Republic of China, Taiwan under martial law, democratic reforms in Taiwan | teacher, politician | painter | Impressionism, Expressionism | |
| 齊純芝 (齊白石)
Qi Chunzhi (Qi Baishi) |
China | late Qing dynasty, Republic of China, socialist transformation | peasant | painter |
18th Century
| name | region | period | family background | title | style | link to works |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alessandro Francesco Tommaso Antonio Manzoni | Italy | Age of Enlightenment, Napoleonic Era, Unification of Italy | noble | poet, novelist and philosopher | Enlightenment, Romanticism | |
| Ferdinand Victor Eugène Delacroix | France | French First Republic, First French Empire, Bourbon Restoration, July Monarchy, French Second Republic, Second French Empire | official | painter, lithographer | Romanticism | |
| Franz Joseph Haydn | Austria, England | late Holy Roman Empire, Georgian era | wheelwright | composer | Classicism | |
| Hammâmîzâde İsmâil Dede Efendi | Turkey | Ottoman Old Regime, decline and modernization of the Ottoman Empire | composer | |||
| Honoré de Balzac | France | French First Republic, First French Empire, Bourbon Restoration, July Monarchy, French Second Republic | artisan | writer, critic, journalist, printer | Realism | |
| Jane Austen | England | Georgian era | clergy | novelist | ||
| Ludwig van Beethoven | Germany | late Holy Roman Empire | musician | composer, pianist | Classicism, Romanticism | |
| Mustafa Râkım | Turkey | Ottoman Old Regime, decline and modernization of the Ottoman Empire | calligrapher | |||
| Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart | Germany, Italy | late Holy Roman Empire, Italy in 18th century | composer | composer | Classicism | |
| 신윤복 [申潤福] (혜원 [蕙園])
Sin Yun-bok (Hyewon) |
Korea | late Joseon period | court painter | painter | ||
| 曹雪芹
Cao Xueqin |
China | middle Qing dynasty | official | novelist, poet, philosopher, painter |
17th Century
| name | region | period | family background | title | style | link to works |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Antonio Lucio Vivaldi | Italy | Age of Enlightenment | composer, violinist, teacher, impresario, priest | Baroque | ||
| Artemisia Gentileschi | Italy | Counter-Reformation in Italy, economic and social decline in Italy | painter | painter | Baroque | |
| François-Marie Arouet (Voltaire) | France | late Bourbon kings | lawyer | writer, philosopher, historian | ||
| Hâfiz Osman | Turkey | Transformation of the Ottoman Empire | muezzin | calligrapher | ||
| Johann Sebastian Bach | Germany | late Holy Roman Empire | director of musicians | composer | Baroque | |
| Johannes Vermeer | Netherlands | Republic of the Seven United Netherlands | worker | painter | Dutch Golden Age, Baroque | |
| Levnî Abdülcelil Çelebi | Turkey | Transformation of the Ottoman Empire | noble | painter | ||
| Rembrandt Harmenszoon van Rijn | Netherlands | Republic of the Seven United Netherlands | miller | painter, printmaker, draughtsman | Dutch Golden Age, Baroque | |
| 김만중 [金萬重]
Kim Man-jung |
Korea | late Joseon period | noble | novelist, politician | ||
| 王原祁
Wang Yuanqi |
China | early Qing dynasty, middle Qing dynasty | official | official, painter | ||
| 王翬
Wang Hui |
China | late Ming dynasty, early Qing dynasty | painter | painter | ||
| 平山藤五 (井原西鶴)
Hirayama Tōgo (Saikaku Ihara) |
Japan | early Edo period | merchant | writer | Ukiyo-zōshi | |
| 石濤
Shitao |
China | early Qing dynasty | royal house | monk, calligrapher, painter | ||
| 朱耷 (八大山人)
Zhu Da (Bada Shanren) |
China | late Ming dynasty, early Qing dynasty | noble | painter | ||
| 吳歷
Wu Li |
China | late Ming dynasty, early Qing dynasty | painter, poet, calligrapher | |||
| 松尾金作 (松尾芭蕉)
Matsuo Kinsaku (Matsuo Bashō) |
Japan | early Edo period | musokunin | poet | Shōfū Haikai | |
| 惲壽平
Yun Shouping |
China | late Ming dynasty, early Qing dynasty | activist | calligrapher, painter | ||
| 鄭燮 (鄭板橋)
Zheng Xie (Zheng Banqiao) |
China | middle Qing dynasty | teacher | official, painter |
16th Century
| name | region | period | family background | title | style | link to works |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Diego Rodríguez de Silva y Velázquez | Spain, Italy | middle Habsburg Spain, Counter-Reformation in Italy | notary | painter | Baroque | |
| Georges de La Tour | France | early House of Bourbon | baker | painter | Baroque | |
| Gerard van Honthorst | Netherlands, Italy | Eighty Years' War, Counter-Reformation in Itay | decorative painter | painter | Baroque | |
| Gian Lorenzo Bernini | Italy | Counter-Reformation in Italy | sculptor | sculptor, architect | Baroque | |
| Michelangelo Merisi (Caravaggio) | Italy | Counter-Reformation in Italy | household administrator and architect-decorator | painter | Baroque | |
| Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra | Spain | middle Habsburg Spain | physician | soldier, tax collector, accountant, purchasing agent for Navy | ||
| Peter Paul Rubens | Germany, Flanders, Italy, France | Reformation in Germany, Eighty Years' War, Counter-Reformation in Italy, middle House of Bourbon | painter, diplomat | Baroque | ||
| Seyyid Kasim Gubari | Turkey | decline and modernization of the Ottoman Empire | calligrapher | |||
| William Shakespeare | England | Elizabethan era, Jacobean era | alderman and glover | playwright. poet. actor | English Renaissance | |
| 허균 [許筠]
Heo Gyun |
Korea | middle Joseon period | noble | novelist, poet, politician | ||
| 王時敏
Wang Shimin |
China | late Ming dynasty, early Qing dynasty | court academy editor | painter | ||
| 王鑑
Wang Jian |
China | late Ming dynasty, early Qing dynasty | official | painter | ||
| 吳承恩
Wu Cheng'en |
China | middle Ming dynasty | artisan | poet, novelist | ||
| 董其昌
Dong Qichang |
China | late Ming dynasty | teacher | painter, calligrapher, politician, art theorist |
15th Century
| name | region | period | family background | title | style | link to works |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| John Dunstaple | England | late House of Plantagenet | composer | Burgundian School | ||
| Leonardo da Vinci | Italy, France | Italian Renaissance, Valois-Angoulême | legal notary | painter, draughtsman, engineer, scientist, theorist, sculptor, architect | High Renaissance | |
| Ludovico Ariosto | Italy | Italian Renaissance | citadel commander | poet | Renaissance Humanism | |
| Michelangelo di Lodovico Buonarroti Simoni | Italy | Italian Renaissance | banker | sculptor, painter, architect, poet | High Renaissance | |
| Niccolò di Bernardo dei Machiavelli | Italy | Republic of Florence | attorney | diplomat, author, philosopher, historian | ||
| Raffaello Sanzio da Urbino | Italy | Italian Renaissance | court painter | painter, architect | High Renaissance | |
| Şeyh Hamdullah | Turkey | rise of the Ottoman Empire, Classical Age | official | calligrapher | ||
| Дионисий
Dionisius |
Russia | late Grand Duchy of Moscow | painter | |||
| 김시습 [金時習]
Kim Si-seup |
Korea | early Joseon period | aristocrat | scholar, writer | ||
| 仇英
Qiu Ying |
China | middle Ming dynasty | peasant | painter | ||
| 文壁 (文徵明)
Wen Bi (Wen Zhengming) |
China | middle Ming dynasty | official | painter, calligrapher, poet | Wu School, Southern School | |
| 沈周
Shen Zhou |
China | middle Ming dynasty | painter | Wu School, Southern School | ||
| 祝允明 (祝枝山)
Zhu Yunming (Zhu Zhishan) |
China | middle Ming dynasty | calligrapher, poet, writer, scholar-official | |||
| 徐禎卿
Xu Zhenqing |
China | middle Ming dynasty | writer | |||
| 唐寅 (唐伯虎)
Tang Yin (Tang Bohu) |
China | middle Ming dynasty | restaurant owner | painter, calligrapher, poet |
14th Century
| name | region | period | family background | title | style | link to works |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Francesco Landini | Italy | middle Republic of Florence | composer, organist, singer, poet, instrument maker | |||
| Gilles Binchois | France | middle House of Valois | composer | Burgundian School | ||
| Giovanni Boccaccio | Italy | middle Republic of Florence | merchant | writer, poet | Renaissance Humanism | |
| Jacopo da Bologna | Italy | middle Holy Roman Empire | ||||
| Johannes Ciconia | Flanders | middle Holy Roman Empire | priest | composer, music theorist | ||
| Андрей Рублёв
Andrei Rublev |
Russia | late Eastern Roman Empire, Mongolian Invasion, rise of Muscovy | painter | |||
| Θεοφάνης ο Έλληνας, Феофан Грек
Theophanes the Greek |
Eastern Roman Empire, Russia | late Eastern Roman Empire, Mongolian Invasion, rise of Muscovy | painter | Novgorod School | ||
| میرعلی تبریزی
Mir Ali Tabrizi |
Iran | rise of the Timurid Empire, stagnation of the Timurid Empire | poet, calligrapher | |||
| 王蒙
Wang Meng |
China | Yuan dynasty, early Ming dynasty | painter | Southern School | ||
| 倪瓚
Ni Zan |
China | Yuan dynasty, early Ming dynasty | painter | Southern School | ||
| 戴進
Dai Jin |
China | middle Ming dynasty | painter | Zhe School | ||
| 羅本 (羅貫中)
Luo Be (Luo Guanzhong) |
China | Yuan dynasty, early Ming dynasty | writer |
13th Century
| name | region | period | family background | title | style | link to works |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adam de la Halle | France | late House of Capet | poet, musician | |||
| Dante Alighieri | Italy | middle Republic of Florence | politician | statesman, poet, writer, philosopher, language theorist, political theorist | ||
| Guillaume de Machaut | France | late House of Capet, early House of Valois | composer, poet | |||
| John Koukouzelis | Eastern Roman Empire | late Eastern Roman Empire | composer, singer | |||
| Philippe de Vitry | France | late House of Capet, early House of Valois | composer, music theorist, poet | |||
| Piero (Maestro Piero) | Italy | middle Holy Roman Empire | composer | |||
| یاقوت مستعصمی
Yaqut al-Musta'simi |
Iraq | Mongol invasion, Ilkhanate | calligrapher | |||
| 일연 [一然]
Il-yeon |
Korea | Goryeo military regime, Mongol invasions, late Goryeo | monk, writer | |||
| 王實甫
Wang Shifu |
China | Southern Song dynasty, Yuan dynasty | playwright | |||
| 白樸 (白仁甫)
Bai Pu (Bai Renfu) |
China | Jurchen Jin dynasty, Yuan dynasty | official | playwright | ||
| 吳鎮
Wu Zhen |
China | Yuan dynasty | painter | Southern School | ||
| 施耐庵
Shi Nai'an |
China | Yuan dynasty, early Ming dynasty | writer, teacher | |||
| 黃公望
Huang Gongwang |
China | Southern Song dynasty, Yuan dynasty | painter, poet, writer | |||
| 趙孟頫
Zhao Mengfu |
China | Southern Song dynasty, Yuan dynasty | imperial family | calligrapher, painter, scholar | ||
| 喬吉
Qiao Ji |
China | Southern Song dynasty, Yuan dynasty | playwright | |||
| 鄭光祖
Zheng Guangzu |
China | Yuan dynasty | playwright | |||
| 關漢卿
Guan Hanqing |
China | Jurchen Jin dynasty, Yuan dynasty | playwright, poet |
12th Century
| name | region | period | family background | title | style | link to works |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Léonin | France | middle House of Capet | composer | ars antiqua | ||
| Pérotin | France | middle House of Capet | composer | ars antiqua | ||
| Walther von der Vogelweide | Germany | middle Holy Roman Empire | lyrical poet | |||
| 辛棄疾
Xin Qiji |
China | Southern Song dynasty | calligrapher, general, poet | |||
| 范成大
Fan Chengda |
China | Northern Song dynasty, Southern Song dynasty | geographer, poet, politician | |||
| 陸游
Lu You |
China | Northern Song dynasty, Southern Song dynasty | official | historian, poet | ||
| 楊萬里
Yang Wanli |
China | Southern Song dynasty | official | poet, politician |
11th Century
| name | region | period | family background | title | style | link to works |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hildegard von Bingen | Germany | Holy Roman Empire in High Middle Ages | lower noble | abbess, writer, composer, philosopher | ||
| Peter Abelard | France | middle House of Capet | minor noble | philosopher, logician, theologian, poet, composer, musician | ||
| أم محمد فخر النساء شهدة بنت أحمد الإبري الدينوري البغدادية
Fakhr-un-Nisa Shuhdah Umm Muhammad al-Baghdadiyyah |
Iraq | Buyid and Seljuq control | scholar, calligrapher | |||
| 王安石
Wang Anshi |
China | Northern Song dynasty | official | economist, philosopher, poet, politician | Classical Prose Movement | |
| 李清照
Li Qingzhao |
China | Northern Song dynasty, Southern Song dynasty | official | poet, essayist | ||
| 米芾
Mi Fu |
China | Northern Song dynasty | general | painter, poet, calligrapher | ||
| 歐陽修
Ouyang Xiu |
China | Northern Song dynasty | official | essayist, historian, poet, calligrapher, politician, epigrapher | Classical Prose Movement | |
| 黃庭堅
Huang Tingjian |
China | Northern Song dynasty | noble | calligrapher, painter, poet | ||
| 曾鞏
Zeng Gong |
China | Northern Song dynasty | official | essayist, historian, poet, politician, writer | Classical Prose Movement | |
| 蔡襄
Cai Xiang |
China | middle Song dynasty | peasant | calligrapher, politician, structural engineer, poet | ||
| 蘇洵
Su Xun |
China | Northern Song dynasty | writer | |||
| 蘇軾 (蘇東坡)
Su Shi (Su Dongpo) |
China | Northern Song dynasty | literati | poet, writer, politician, calligrapher, painter, pharmacologist, gastronome | ||
| 蘇轍
Su Zhe |
China | Northern Song dynasty | literati | essayist, historian, poet, politician |
10th Century
| name | region | period | family background | title | style | link to works |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ابن البواب
Ibn al-Bawwab |
Iraq | Buyid and Seljuq control | calligrapher, illuminator | |||
| 巨然
Juran |
Chiina | Southern Tang kingdom, Northern Song dynasty | painter | |||
| 范仲淹
Fan Zhongyan |
China | Northern Song dynasty | official | poet, politician, philosopher, writer, military strategist | ||
| 清少納言
Sei Shōnagon |
Japan | middle Heian period | scholar and poet | writer, poet, lady-in-waiting | ||
| 董源
Dong Yuan |
China | Southern Tang kingdom, Northern Song dynasty | painter, official | Southern School | ||
| 紫式部
Murasaki Shikibu |
Japan | middle Heian period | noble | novelist, poet, lady-in-waiting | ||
| 關仝
Guan Tong |
China | late Tang dynasty, Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period | painter | Northern School |
9th Century
| name | region | period | family background | title | style | link to works |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| أبو علي محمد بن علي ابن مقلة
Abu Ali Muhammad ibn Ali ibn Muqla |
Iraq | fracture of Abbasid Caliphate | vizier, calligrapher | |||
| 최치원 [崔致遠]
Choe Chiwon |
Korea | late Unified Silla | yukdupum | philosopher, poet | ||
| 李商隱
Li Shangyin |
China | late Tang dynasty | royal house | poet, politician | ||
| 杜牧
Du Mu |
China | late Tang dynasty | noble | poet | ||
| 荆浩
Jing Hao |
China | late Tang dynasty, Later Liang dynasty | painter, art theorist |
8th Century
| name | region | period | family background | title | style | link to works |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 元稹
Yuan Zhen |
China | middle Tang dynasty | noble | novelist, poet, politician | New Yuefu Movement | |
| 白居易
Bai Juyi |
China | middle Tang dynasty | poet, official | New Yuefu Movement | ||
| 杜甫
Du Fu |
China | middle Tang dynasty | official | poet, politician | ||
| 李白
Li Bai |
China | middle Tang dynasty | businessman | poet | ||
| 周昉
Zhou Fang |
China | middle Tang dynasty | official | painter | ||
| 柳公權
Liu Gongquan |
China | middle Tang dynasty | calligrapher | |||
| 柳宗元
Liu Zongyuan |
China | middle Tang dynasty | noble | writer, politician, poet | Classical Prose Movement | |
| 張萱
Zhang Xuan |
China | middle Tang dynasty | painter | |||
| 劉禹錫
Liu Yuxi |
China | middle Tang dynasty | poet, philosopher, essayist | |||
| 韓愈
Han Yu |
China | middle Tang dynasty | official | scholar, poet, official | Classical Prose Movement | |
| 韓幹
Han Gan |
China | middle Tang dynasty | painter | |||
| 顏真卿
Yan Zhenqing |
China | middle Tang dynasty | official | calligrapher, military general, politician |
7th Century
| name | region | period | family background | title | style | link to works |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 王勃
Wang Bo |
China | early Tang dynasty | scholar | poet | ||
| 王維
Wang Wei |
China | middle Tang dynasty | aristocrat | poet, musician, painter, politician | Southern School | |
| 吳道子
Wu Daozi |
China | middle Tang dynasty | painter | |||
| 陳子昂
Chen Zi'ang |
China | early Tang dynasty | poet, politician | |||
| 楊炯
Yang Jiong |
China | early Tang dynasty | poet | |||
| 駱賓王
Luo Binwang |
China | early Tang dynasty | poet | |||
| 盧照鄰
Lu Zhaolin |
China | early Tang dynasty | poet |
6th Century
| name | region | period | family background | title | style | link to works |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ያሬድ
Yared |
Ethiopia | middle Kingdom of Aksum | composer | |||
| 歐陽詢
Ouyang Xun |
Chiina | Southern Chen dynasty, early Tang dynasty | official | calligrapher, politician, writer |
5th Century
| name | region | period | family background | title | style | link to works |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
4th Century
| name | region | period | family background | title | style | link to works |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 王獻之
Wang Xianzhi |
China | Western Jin dynasty, Eastern Jin dynasty | noble | calligrapher, politician | ||
| 王羲之
Wang Xizhi |
China | Western Jin dynasty, Eastern Jin dynasty | noble | calligrapher, politician, writer | ||
| 陶潛 (陶淵明)
Tao Qian (Tao Yuanming) |
China | Eastern Jin dynasty, Liu Song dynasty | official | poet, politician | ||
| 顧愷之
Gu Kaizhi |
China | Eastern Jin dynasty | official | painter |
3rd Century
| name | region | period | family background | title | style | link to works |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2nd Century
| name | region | period | family background | title | style | link to works |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1st Century
| name | region | period | family background | title | style | link to works |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Decimus Junius Juvenalis | Rome | early Roman Empire | poet | |||
| Gaius Plinius Caecilius Secundus | Rome | Julio-Claudian dynasty, Year of the Four Emperors, Flavian dynasty, Year of the Five Emperors, Nerva–Antonine dynasty | lawyer, author, magistrate |
1st Century BC
| name | region | period | family background | title | style | link to works |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gaius Valerius Catullus | Rome | late Roman Republic | equites | poet | Neoteric | |
| Lucius Annaeus Seneca minor | Rome | Julio-Claudian dynasty | equites | philosopher, statesman, dramatist | ||
| Publius Ovidius Naso | Rome | Julio-Claudian dynasty | poet | |||
| Publius Vergilius Maro | Rome | late Roman Republic, Julio-Claudian dynasty | poet | Augustan | ||
| Quintus Horatius Flaccus | Rome | late Roman Republic, Julio-Claudian dynasty | lyric poet |
2nd Century BC
| name | region | period | family background | title | style | link to works |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
3rd Century BC
| name | region | period | family background | title | style | link to works |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
4th Century BC
| name | region | period | family background | title | style | link to works |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Μένανδρος
Meandros |
Greece | Classical Greece, Hellenistic Greece (342 BC - 291 BC) | general and governor | dramatist | New Comedy |
|
| 屈原
Qu Yuan |
Chu | Warring States | royal clan | poet, politician |
5th Century BC
| name | region | period | family background | title | style | link to works |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ἀριστοφάνης
Aristophanes |
Greece | Classical Greece | comic playwright | Old Comedy | ||
| Ευριπίδης
Euripides |
Greece | Archaic Greece | retailer | tragedian | ||
| Σοφοκλῆς
Sophocles |
Greece | Archaic Greece | tragedian |
6th Century BC
| name | region | period | family background | title | style | link to works |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Αἰσχύλος
Aiskhylos |
Greece | Archaic Greece | noble | tragedian, soldier | ||
| Πίνδαρος
Pindaros |
Greece | Archaic Greece | lyric poet |
7th Century BC
| name | region | period | family background | title | style | link to works |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Αἴσωπος
Aisopos |
Greece | Archaic Greece | c. 620 BC - 564 BC (Athens
Many of the tales associated with him are characterized by anthropomorphic animal characters. |
Aesop's Fables. | fabulist, storyteller
(parable or allegory) |
|
| Σαπφώ
Sappho |
Greece | Archaic Greece | Eresos or Mytilene, Lesbos
(630 – c. 570 BC) |
poetess | lyric poetry |
8th Century BC
| name | region | period | family background | title | style | link to works |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ἡσίοδος
Hesiodos |
Greece | Archaic Greece | poet | |||
| Ὅμηρος
Homeros |
Greece | Greek Dark Ages, Archaic Greece | poet |
9th Century BC
| name | region | period | family background | title | style | link to works |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
10th Century BC
| name | region | period | family background | title | style | link to works |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|