Language/Mandarin-chinese/Grammar/Basic-structure-of-a-sentence

Basic structure of a sentence in Chinese

In its most basic form, the order of words in Chinese is quite similar to the order of words in English.

However, do not expect to have a completely similar order, especially when you try more complex sentences.

subject-predicate

The most basic word order in Chinese is:

Subject + verb

You can create very simple sentences with only two words.

Examples

Subject	Verb	Pinyin	Translation
他	笑。	Tā xiào.	He's laughing.
你	吃。	Nǐ chī.	You eat.
我	读。	Wǒ dú.	I am reading.
你	看。	Nǐ kàn.	You look.
你	说。	Nǐ shuō.	You speak.
我	去。	Wǒ qù.	I leave.
你	滚！	Nǐ gǔn	Leave here
孩子	哭。	Háizi kū.	The children are crying.
谁	要 学？	Shuí yào xué?	Who wants to study?
谁	想 做？	Shuí xiǎng zuò?	Who wants to do it?

Subject, verb and complement

A simple sentence is often composed of a complement and follows this structure:

Subject + Verb + Complement

It's exactly like in French, a word order designated by the name SVC. You can express a whole range of information with this very simple structure.

Examples

Subject	Verb	Complement	Pinyin	Translation
我	吃	肉。	Wǒ chī ròu.	I eat meat.
我	去	学校。	Wǒ qù xuéxiào.	I go to school.
你	喝	汤。	Nǐ hē tāng.	You drink soup.
我们	要 买	电脑。	Wǒmen yāomǎi diànnǎo.	We will buy a computer.
他	说	中文。	Tā shuō Zhōngwén.	He speaks Chinese.
我	喜欢	那 个 小 孩子。	Wǒ xǐhuān nàgè xiǎo háizi.	I like this child.
我	想 吃	中国 菜。	Wǒ xiǎng chī Zhōngguó cài.	I want to eat Chinese.
我	爱	你 和 爸爸。	Wǒ ài nǐ hé bàba.	I love you and dad.
你	想 吃	什么 菜？	Nǐ xiǎng chī shénme cài?	Do you want to eat which dish?
你	要 做	什么？	Nǐ yào zuò shénme?	What do you want to do ?

Source

https://chine.in/mandarin/grammaire/ASGETNCO