Difference between revisions of "Language/Mandarin-chinese/Grammar/Basic-structure-of-a-sentence"
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<div | <div class="pg_page_title">Basic structure of a sentence in Chinese</div> | ||
[[File:Sentense structure chinese.jpg|thumb]] | |||
[[File:Chinese-Language-PolyglotClub.jpg|thumb]] | |||
In its most basic form, the order of words in Chinese is quite similar to the order of words in English. | In its most basic form, the order of words in Chinese is quite similar to the order of words in English. | ||
However, do not expect to have a completely similar order, especially when you try more complex sentences. | However, do not expect to have a completely similar order, especially when you try more complex sentences. | ||
Finish up here, then consider these related lessons to further your learning: [[Language/Mandarin-chinese/Grammar/%E6%98%AF...%E7%9A%84|是...的]], [[Language/Mandarin-chinese/Grammar/How-to-ask-a-question-in-Chinese|How to ask a question in Chinese]], [[Language/Mandarin-chinese/Grammar/Use-the-verb-去-(qù)|Use the verb 去 (qù)]] & [[Language/Mandarin-chinese/Grammar/Time|Time]]. | |||
== subject-predicate== | == subject-predicate== | ||
The most basic word order in Chinese is: | The most basic word order in Chinese is: | ||
| Line 31: | Line 34: | ||
|- | |- | ||
|我 | |我 | ||
|读。 | |讀。/读。 | ||
|Wǒ dú. | |Wǒ dú. | ||
|I am reading. | |I am reading. | ||
| Line 41: | Line 44: | ||
|- | |- | ||
|你 | |你 | ||
|说。 | |說。/说。 | ||
|Nǐ shuō. | |Nǐ shuō. | ||
|You speak. | |You speak. | ||
| Line 51: | Line 54: | ||
|- | |- | ||
|你 | |你 | ||
|滚！ | |滾！/滚！ | ||
|Nǐ gǔn | |Nǐ gǔn | ||
|Leave here | |Leave here | ||
| Line 61: | Line 64: | ||
|- | |- | ||
|谁 | |谁 | ||
|要 学？ | |要 學？/要 学？ | ||
|Shuí yào xué? | |Shuí yào xué? | ||
|Who wants to study? | |Who wants to study? | ||
|- | |- | ||
|谁 | |誰/谁 | ||
|想 做？ | |想 做？ | ||
|Shuí xiǎng zuò? | |Shuí xiǎng zuò? | ||
| Line 71: | Line 74: | ||
|} | |} | ||
==Subject, verb and | ==Subject, verb and object== | ||
A simple sentence is often composed of an object and follows this structure: | |||
<code>Subject + Verb + Object</code> | |||
It's exactly like in English, a word order designated by the name SVO. | |||
You can express a whole range of information with this very simple structure. | |||
===Examples=== | ===Examples=== | ||
| Line 84: | Line 89: | ||
!Subject | !Subject | ||
!Verb | !Verb | ||
! | !Object | ||
!Pinyin | !Pinyin | ||
!Translation | !Translation | ||
| Line 96: | Line 101: | ||
|我 | |我 | ||
|去 | |去 | ||
|学校。 | |學校。/学校。 | ||
|Wǒ qù xuéxiào. | |Wǒ qù xuéxiào. | ||
|I go to school. | |I go to school. | ||
| Line 106: | Line 111: | ||
|You drink soup. | |You drink soup. | ||
|- | |- | ||
|我们 | |我們/我们 | ||
|要 买 | |要 買/要 买 | ||
|电脑。 | |電脑。/电脑。 | ||
|Wǒmen yāomǎi diànnǎo. | |Wǒmen yāomǎi diànnǎo. | ||
|We will buy a computer. | |We will buy a computer. | ||
|- | |- | ||
|他 | |他 | ||
|说 | |說/说 | ||
|中文。 | |中文。 | ||
|Tā shuō Zhōngwén. | |Tā shuō Zhōngwén. | ||
| Line 119: | Line 124: | ||
|- | |- | ||
|我 | |我 | ||
|喜欢 | |喜歡/喜欢 | ||
|那 个 小 孩子。 | |那 個 小 孩子。/那 个 小 孩子。 | ||
|Wǒ xǐhuān nàgè xiǎo háizi. | |Wǒ xǐhuān nàgè xiǎo háizi. | ||
|I like this child. | |I like this child. | ||
| Line 126: | Line 131: | ||
|我 | |我 | ||
|想 吃 | |想 吃 | ||
|中国 菜。 | |中國 菜。/中国 菜。 | ||
|Wǒ xiǎng chī Zhōngguó cài. | |Wǒ xiǎng chī Zhōngguó cài. | ||
|I want to eat Chinese. | |I want to eat Chinese. | ||
|- | |- | ||
|我 | |我 | ||
|爱 | |愛/爱 | ||
|你 和 爸爸。 | |你 和 爸爸。 | ||
|Wǒ ài nǐ hé bàba. | |Wǒ ài nǐ hé bàba. | ||
| Line 138: | Line 143: | ||
|你 | |你 | ||
|想 吃 | |想 吃 | ||
|什么 菜？ | |什麽 菜？/什么 菜？ | ||
|Nǐ xiǎng chī shénme cài? | |Nǐ xiǎng chī shénme cài? | ||
|Do you want to eat which dish? | |Do you want to eat which dish? | ||
| Line 144: | Line 149: | ||
|你 | |你 | ||
|要 做 | |要 做 | ||
|什么？ | |什麽？/什么？ | ||
|Nǐ yào zuò shénme? | |Nǐ yào zuò shénme? | ||
|What do you want to do ? | |What do you want to do? | ||
|} | |} | ||
==Source== | ==Source== | ||
https://chine.in/mandarin/grammaire/ASGETNCO | https://chine.in/mandarin/grammaire/ASGETNCO | ||
==Other Lessons== | |||
* [[Language/Mandarin-chinese/Grammar/也-yě|也 yě]] | |||
* [[Language/Mandarin-chinese/Grammar/呢-ne|呢 ne]] | |||
* [[Language/Mandarin-chinese/Grammar/Plurals|Plurals]] | |||
* [[Language/Mandarin-chinese/Grammar/Express-existence-with-有-(yǒu)|Express existence with 有 (yǒu)]] | |||
* [[Language/Mandarin-chinese/Grammar/Use-the-verb-去-(qù)|Use the verb 去 (qù)]] | |||
* [[Language/Mandarin-chinese/Grammar/Ask-how-to-do-something-with-怎么-(zěnme)|Ask how to do something with 怎么 (zěnme)]] | |||
* [[Language/Mandarin-chinese/Grammar/Plural|Plural]] | |||
* [[Language/Mandarin-chinese/Grammar/Separable-verbs|Separable verbs]] | |||
* [[Language/Mandarin-chinese/Grammar/叫-(jiào)|叫 (jiào)]] | |||
<span links></span> | |||
Latest revision as of 22:17, 26 March 2023
Basic structure of a sentence in Chinese
In its most basic form, the order of words in Chinese is quite similar to the order of words in English.
However, do not expect to have a completely similar order, especially when you try more complex sentences.
Finish up here, then consider these related lessons to further your learning: 是...的, How to ask a question in Chinese, Use the verb 去 (qù) & Time.
subject-predicate[edit | edit source]
The most basic word order in Chinese is:
Subject + verb
You can create very simple sentences with only two words.
Examples[edit | edit source]
| Subject | Verb | Pinyin | Translation |
|---|---|---|---|
| 他 | 笑。 | Tā xiào. | He's laughing. |
| 你 | 吃。 | Nǐ chī. | You eat. |
| 我 | 讀。/读。 | Wǒ dú. | I am reading. |
| 你 | 看。 | Nǐ kàn. | You look. |
| 你 | 說。/说。 | Nǐ shuō. | You speak. |
| 我 | 去。 | Wǒ qù. | I leave. |
| 你 | 滾！/滚！ | Nǐ gǔn | Leave here |
| 孩子 | 哭。 | Háizi kū. | The children are crying. |
| 谁 | 要 學？/要 学？ | Shuí yào xué? | Who wants to study? |
| 誰/谁 | 想 做？ | Shuí xiǎng zuò? | Who wants to do it? |
Subject, verb and object[edit | edit source]
A simple sentence is often composed of an object and follows this structure:
Subject + Verb + Object
It's exactly like in English, a word order designated by the name SVO.
You can express a whole range of information with this very simple structure.
Examples[edit | edit source]
| Subject | Verb | Object | Pinyin | Translation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 我 | 吃 | 肉。 | Wǒ chī ròu. | I eat meat. |
| 我 | 去 | 學校。/学校。 | Wǒ qù xuéxiào. | I go to school. |
| 你 | 喝 | 汤。 | Nǐ hē tāng. | You drink soup. |
| 我們/我们 | 要 買/要 买 | 電脑。/电脑。 | Wǒmen yāomǎi diànnǎo. | We will buy a computer. |
| 他 | 說/说 | 中文。 | Tā shuō Zhōngwén. | He speaks Chinese. |
| 我 | 喜歡/喜欢 | 那 個 小 孩子。/那 个 小 孩子。 | Wǒ xǐhuān nàgè xiǎo háizi. | I like this child. |
| 我 | 想 吃 | 中國 菜。/中国 菜。 | Wǒ xiǎng chī Zhōngguó cài. | I want to eat Chinese. |
| 我 | 愛/爱 | 你 和 爸爸。 | Wǒ ài nǐ hé bàba. | I love you and dad. |
| 你 | 想 吃 | 什麽 菜？/什么 菜？ | Nǐ xiǎng chī shénme cài? | Do you want to eat which dish? |
| 你 | 要 做 | 什麽？/什么？ | Nǐ yào zuò shénme? | What do you want to do? |
Source[edit | edit source]
https://chine.in/mandarin/grammaire/ASGETNCO
Other Lessons[edit | edit source]
- 也 yě
- 呢 ne
- Plurals
- Express existence with 有 (yǒu)
- Use the verb 去 (qù)
- Ask how to do something with 怎么 (zěnme)
- Plural
- Separable verbs
- 叫 (jiào)