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{{Irish-Page-Top}}
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<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Irish|Irish]]  → [[Language/Irish/Vocabulary|Vocabulary]] → [[Language/Irish/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Greetings and Introductions → Basic Greetings</div>
<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Irish|Irish]]  → [[Language/Irish/Vocabulary|Vocabulary]] → [[Language/Irish/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Greetings and Introductions → Basic Greetings</div>


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Irish, also known as Gaeilge, is the national language of Ireland. It is one of the oldest written languages in Europe, with Gaelic inscriptions dating back to the 4th century. Irish is an important part of Ireland's culture and heritage, and it continues to be spoken by over 1.7 million people worldwide. Whether you are interested in the language because of your Irish heritage, because you plan to visit Ireland, or simply because you love languages, this course will help you learn Irish from scratch. In this lesson, we will be covering the basics of greetings and introductions in Irish.
== Introduction ==
 
Welcome to the lesson on basic greetings in the Irish language! In this lesson, we will learn how to say hello, goodbye, and other common greetings in Irish. Greetings are an essential part of any language as they allow us to connect with others and show politeness and respect. By learning basic greetings in Irish, you will be able to introduce yourself, make new friends, and navigate social interactions in the Irish-speaking world.
 
In this lesson, we will start by focusing on the most commonly used greetings in Irish. We will explore the pronunciation and meaning of each greeting, and provide examples of how to use them in different contexts. Additionally, we will discuss cultural aspects related to greetings in the Irish language, including regional variations and historical influences.
 
By the end of this lesson, you will have a solid foundation in basic greetings in Irish, and you will be able to confidently greet others and respond to greetings in a variety of situations.
 
Let's get started!
 


== Basic Greetings ==
== Basic Greetings ==


In any language, learning how to say simple greetings like "hello" and "goodbye" is essential. Here are some basic greetings and phrases in Irish that will help you get started:
=== Hello - Dia dhuit ===
 
The most common way to say hello in Irish is "Dia dhuit" (pronounced dee-ah gwitch). This greeting is used to say hello to one person. It literally translates to "God be with you" and is similar to the English greeting "God bless you."
 
Here are a few examples of how to use "Dia dhuit" in different contexts:
 
{| class="wikitable"
! Irish !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| Dia dhuit  || dee-ah gwitch || Hello (to one person)
|-
| Conas atá tú?  || kuh-nas ah-taw too || How are you?
|-
| Tá mé go maith, go raibh maith agat.  || taw may goh mah, goh rev mah ah-gut || I'm good, thank you.
|-
| Cén t-ainm atá ort?  || kayn t-ahn-im ah-taw ort || What's your name?
|-
| Is mise [name].  || iss meh-shuh [name] || My name is [name].
|}
 
=== Hello - Dia is Muire dhuit ===
 
Another way to say hello in Irish is "Dia is Muire dhuit" (pronounced dee-ah iss mwir-eh gwitch). This greeting is more formal and is used to show respect, especially when addressing older people or those in authority.
 
Here are a few examples of how to use "Dia is Muire dhuit" in different contexts:
 
{| class="wikitable"
! Irish !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| Dia is Muire dhuit  || dee-ah iss mwir-eh gwitch || Hello (to one person, formal)
|-
| Conas atá tú?  || kuh-nas ah-taw too || How are you?
|-
| Tá mé go maith, go raibh maith agat.  || taw may goh mah, goh rev mah ah-gut || I'm good, thank you.
|-
| Cén t-ainm atá ort?  || kayn t-ahn-im ah-taw ort || What's your name?
|-
| Is mise [name].  || iss meh-shuh [name] || My name is [name].
|}
 
=== Goodbye - Slán ===
 
When it's time to say goodbye, the most common way to do so in Irish is by saying "Slán" (pronounced slawn). This simple word means "goodbye" and is used in both formal and informal situations.
 
Here are a few examples of how to use "Slán" in different contexts:
 
{| class="wikitable"
! Irish !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| Slán  || slawn || Goodbye
|-
| Slán go fóill  || slawn goh fweel || Goodbye for now
|-
| Slán agat  || slawn ah-gut || Goodbye (to one person)
|-
| Slán leat  || slawn lat || Goodbye (informal, to one person)
|-
| Slán libh  || slawn liv || Goodbye (formal, to more than one person)
|}
 
=== How are you? - Conas atá tú? ===
 
To ask someone how they are doing in Irish, you can say "Conas atá tú?" (pronounced kuh-nas ah-taw too). This is a common greeting and is often used in conversation.
 
Here are a few examples of how to use "Conas atá tú?" in different contexts:


* Dia dhuit! (Hello!, lit. "God be with you!")
{| class="wikitable"
* Dia is Muire dhuit! (Hello!, lit. "God and Mary be with you!")
! Irish !! Pronunciation !! English
* Slán! (Goodbye!)
|-
* Slán go fóill! (Goodbye for now! lit. "Safe until we meet again!")
| Conas atá tú? || kuh-nas ah-taw too || How are you?
* Conas atá tú? (How are you?)
|-
* Tá mé go maith, go raibh maith agat. (I'm good, thank you.)
| Tá mé go maith, go raibh maith agat. || taw may goh mah, goh rev mah ah-gut || I'm good, thank you.
* Tá mé go breá, go raibh maith agat. (I'm great, thank you.)
|-
* Tá mé tuirseach (I'm tired)
| Tá mé go dona. || taw may goh duh-nah || I'm not feeling well.
* Dia linn! (Cheers! lit. "God be with us!")
|-
| Tá mé tuirseach.  || taw may tier-shuhk || I'm tired.
|-
| Go raibh maith agat, agus tú féin?  || goh rev mah ah-gut, ah-gus too fayn || Thank you, and yourself?
|}


It's important to note that in Irish, the word order can differ slightly from English. For example, "How are you?" is literally translated in Irish as "How do you find yourself?" (Conas atá tú féin?). This can take some getting used to, but with practice, you'll get the hang of it.
=== What's your name? - Cén t-ainm atá ort? ===


Irish pronunciation can also be tricky at first, but with some practice, you'll be able to pronounce words confidently. A handy tool to help you learn the pronunciation is the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). Here are some of the most common sounds in Irish:
If you want to ask someone's name in Irish, you can say "Cén t-ainm atá ort?" (pronounced kayn t-ahn-im ah-taw ort). This is a common question when meeting someone for the first time.


* "ch" like in "loch" (IPA: /x/)
Here are a few examples of how to use "Cén t-ainm atá ort?" in different contexts:
* "gh" at the end of a word like in "sláinte" (IPA: /ɣ/)
* "mh" and "bh" at the beginning of a word like in "mhaidin" (IPA: /w/)
* "fh" at the beginning of a word like in "fhios" (silent)
* "sh" like in "sheep" (IPA: /ʃ/)
* "th" like in "think" (IPA: /h/)


Now that we've covered some basic greetings, it's time to practice! Try using some of these phrases the next time you meet someone who speaks Irish.
{| class="wikitable"
! Irish !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| Cén t-ainm atá ort?  || kayn t-ahn-im ah-taw ort || What's your name?
|-
| Is mise [name].  || iss meh-shuh [name] || My name is [name].
|-
| Tá áthas orm bualadh leat.  || taw aw-hus or-um boo-lah leat || Nice to meet you.
|-
| An bhfuil tú ag foghlaim Gaeilge?  || an will too eg foh-lim gayl-guh || Are you learning Irish?
|-
| Táim ag foghlaim.  || taw-im eg foh-lim || I'm learning.
|}


<table class="wikitable">
== Cultural Insights ==
<tr>
<th>Irish</th>
<th>Pronunciation</th>
<th>English</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Dia dhuit!</td>
<td>Dee-ah gwit</td>
<td>Hello!</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Dia is Muire dhuit!</td>
<td>Dee-ah iss Mwir-eh gwit</td>
<td>Hello! (response when greeted with "Dia dhuit")</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Slán!</td>
<td>Slawn</td>
<td>Goodbye!</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Slán go fóill!</td>
<td>Slawn guh fole</td>
<td>Goodbye for now!</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Conas atá tú?</td>
<td>Kun-us ah-taw too</td>
<td>How are you?</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Tá mé go maith, go raibh maith agat.</td>
<td>Taw may guh mah, guh rev mah ah-gut</td>
<td>I'm good, thank you.</td>
</tr>
</table>


== Plurals ==
Greetings in the Irish language are not only a way of saying hello and goodbye, but they also reflect the rich cultural heritage and history of Ireland. The Irish language, also known as Gaeilge, has been spoken on the island for centuries and is an integral part of Irish identity.


In English, we indicate plurals by adding an "s" to the end of a word. In Irish, the plural form of a noun is more complex. Generally, the noun will undergo a change in spelling called a "mutation" or "lenition". The most common type of lenition is to add an "h" in front of the first consonant, as shown in this example:
In different regions of Ireland, you may come across variations in greetings and their usage. For example, in some areas, people may use the phrase "Maidin mhaith" (pronounced mah-djin wah) as a greeting in the morning, which means "Good morning." Similarly, "Tráthnóna maith" (pronounced traw-no-nah mah) can be used as a greeting in the evening, meaning "Good evening." These regional variations add to the diversity and charm of the Irish language.


* bean (woman) -> mná (women)
Historically, the Irish language has faced challenges and has seen a decline in usage over the years. However, there has been a resurgence of interest in recent times, with initiatives to promote and preserve the language. Greetings in Irish play a crucial role in keeping the language alive and connecting people to their cultural heritage.


The word for "woman" in Irish is "bean". To form the plural, we add an "h" sound before the "b" and replace the "a" with an "á". The resulting word is "mná", which means "women".
It is worth mentioning that the Irish language has a strong connection to traditional Irish music and dance. Many traditional Irish songs and dances include phrases and expressions that can be used as greetings. For example, in the song "Óró sé do bheatha abhaile" (pronounced o-roh shay duh veh-ha ah-wah-leh), the phrase "Sé do bheatha" (pronounced shay duh veh-ha) is used, which means "Welcome."


Here are some other examples of pluralized nouns in Irish:
As you continue your journey in learning Irish, embracing the cultural aspects of the language will deepen your understanding and appreciation for the Irish-speaking world.


* fear (man) -> fir (men)
== Practice Exercises ==
* cailín (girl) -> cailíní (girls)
* leabhar (book) -> leabhair (books)
* teach (house) -> tithe (houses)


In general, it's best to learn the plural form of a noun together with the singular, since there are few rules that apply across the board.
Now it's time to practice what you've learned! Below are some exercises to help you reinforce your knowledge of basic greetings in Irish. Try to answer the questions and then check your answers against the provided solutions. Don't worry if you make mistakes - practice makes perfect!


Let's practice forming plural nouns with some examples:
Exercise 1: Match the Greetings
Match the Irish greetings on the left with their English translations on the right.


<table class="wikitable">
{| class="wikitable"
<tr>
! Irish !! English
<th>Irish</th>
|-
<th>Pronunciation</th>
| Dia dhuit  || Goodbye
<th>English singular</th>
|-
<th>English plural</th>
| Slán  || Hello
</tr>
|-
<tr>
| Conas atá tú?  || How are you?
<td>bean</td>
|-
<td>Bahn</td>
| Cén t-ainm atá ort?  || What's your name?
<td>woman</td>
|}
<td>mná (women)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>fear</td>
<td>Fahr</td>
<td>man</td>
<td>fir (men)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>cailín</td>
<td>Kal-een</td>
<td>girl</td>
<td>cailíní (girls)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>leabhar</td>
<td>L-yow-er</td>
<td>book</td>
<td>leabhair (books)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>teach</td>
<td>Tcha</td>
<td>house</td>
<td>tithe (houses)</td>
</tr>
</table>


Irish is a fascinating language with a rich history and culture behind it. In the next few lessons, we'll continue building our knowledge of basic vocabulary, grammar, and pronunciation. Get ready to dive in and explore the beauty of the Irish language!
Solution:
{| class="wikitable"
! Irish !! English
|-
| Dia dhuit  || Hello
|-
| Slán  || Goodbye
|-
| Conas atá tú?  || How are you?
|-
| Cén t-ainm atá ort?  || What's your name?
|}
 
Exercise 2: Fill in the Blanks
Fill in the blanks with the appropriate Irish greetings.
 
1. Tá mé go maith, __________.
2. __________, go fóill.
3. __________ agat.
4. __________ leat.
 
Solution:
1. Tá mé go maith, __go raibh maith agat__.
2. __Slán__, go fóill.
3. __Slán__ agat.
4. __Slán__ leat.
 
Exercise 3: Conversation Practice
Read the following conversation and answer the questions.
 
Conor: Dia dhuit! Conas atá tú?
Sara: Dia is Muire dhuit! Tá mé go maith, go raibh maith agat. Cén t-ainm atá ort?
Conor: Is mise Conor. Tá áthas orm bualadh leat.
Sara: Tá áthas orm freisin. An bhfuil tú ag foghlaim Gaeilge?
Conor: Táim ag foghlaim.
 
Questions:
1. What does Conor say to greet Sara?
2. How does Sara respond to Conor's greeting?
3. What does Conor say his name is?
4. What does Sara say after Conor mentions learning Irish?
 
Solution:
1. Conor says "Dia dhuit!" to greet Sara.
2. Sara responds with "Dia is Muire dhuit!"
3. Conor says his name is Conor.
4. Sara says "Tá áthas orm freisin."
 
== Conclusion ==
 
Congratulations! You have successfully completed the lesson on basic greetings in Irish. You have learned how to say hello, goodbye, and other common greetings in Irish, as well as cultural insights related to greetings in the Irish language. By practicing the exercises, you have reinforced your understanding and are one step closer to becoming proficient in Irish.
 
In the next lesson, we will continue our exploration of greetings and introductions by learning how to introduce yourself and ask for someone's name in Irish. This will further enhance your ability to navigate social interactions and connect with others in the Irish-speaking world.
 
Keep up the great work and continue to embrace the beauty of the Irish language and culture!


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|title=Irish Vocabulary → Greetings and Introductions → Basic Greetings
|keywords=Irish greetings, Irish introductions, Irish language, learn Irish, basic Irish vocabulary
|keywords=Irish greetings, Irish introductions, basic greetings in Irish, Irish language
|description=In this lesson, learn some basic greetings and introductions in Irish, including pronunciation tips and examples. Plus, discover how plurals work in Irish.
|description=Learn how to say hello, goodbye, and other basic greetings in Irish. Explore the cultural aspects of greetings in the Irish language.
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<span gpt></span> <span model=gpt-3.5-turbo-16k></span> <span temperature=0.7></span>
 
 
 
==Sources==
* [https://www.tripsavvy.com/useful-irish-phrases-and-words-you-might-need-1542712 Common Irish Phrases and Words You Might Need]
* [https://www.bitesize.irish/blog/irish-gaelic-greetings/ Irish Gaelic Greetings (with Video pronunciation!)]
* [https://ling-app.com/ga/irish-greetings/ 20 Easy Irish Greetings You Need To Know - Ling App]




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==Sources==
* [https://www.tripsavvy.com/useful-irish-phrases-and-words-you-might-need-1542712 Common Irish Phrases and Words You Might Need]
* [https://www.bitesize.irish/blog/irish-gaelic-greetings/ Irish Gaelic Greetings (with Video pronunciation!)]
* [https://ling-app.com/ga/irish-greetings/ 20 Easy Irish Greetings You Need To Know - Ling App]


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{| class="wikitable pg_template_nav"
|[[Language/Irish/Vocabulary/Introducing-Yourself|Next Lesson — Introducing Yourself ▶️]]
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Latest revision as of 22:45, 22 June 2023

Next Lesson — Introducing Yourself ▶️

Irish-language-polyglotclub.jpg
Irish → Vocabulary → 0 to A1 Course → Greetings and Introductions → Basic Greetings

Introduction[edit | edit source]

Welcome to the lesson on basic greetings in the Irish language! In this lesson, we will learn how to say hello, goodbye, and other common greetings in Irish. Greetings are an essential part of any language as they allow us to connect with others and show politeness and respect. By learning basic greetings in Irish, you will be able to introduce yourself, make new friends, and navigate social interactions in the Irish-speaking world.

In this lesson, we will start by focusing on the most commonly used greetings in Irish. We will explore the pronunciation and meaning of each greeting, and provide examples of how to use them in different contexts. Additionally, we will discuss cultural aspects related to greetings in the Irish language, including regional variations and historical influences.

By the end of this lesson, you will have a solid foundation in basic greetings in Irish, and you will be able to confidently greet others and respond to greetings in a variety of situations.

Let's get started!


Basic Greetings[edit | edit source]

Hello - Dia dhuit[edit | edit source]

The most common way to say hello in Irish is "Dia dhuit" (pronounced dee-ah gwitch). This greeting is used to say hello to one person. It literally translates to "God be with you" and is similar to the English greeting "God bless you."

Here are a few examples of how to use "Dia dhuit" in different contexts:

Irish Pronunciation English
Dia dhuit dee-ah gwitch Hello (to one person)
Conas atá tú? kuh-nas ah-taw too How are you?
Tá mé go maith, go raibh maith agat. taw may goh mah, goh rev mah ah-gut I'm good, thank you.
Cén t-ainm atá ort? kayn t-ahn-im ah-taw ort What's your name?
Is mise [name]. iss meh-shuh [name] My name is [name].

Hello - Dia is Muire dhuit[edit | edit source]

Another way to say hello in Irish is "Dia is Muire dhuit" (pronounced dee-ah iss mwir-eh gwitch). This greeting is more formal and is used to show respect, especially when addressing older people or those in authority.

Here are a few examples of how to use "Dia is Muire dhuit" in different contexts:

Irish Pronunciation English
Dia is Muire dhuit dee-ah iss mwir-eh gwitch Hello (to one person, formal)
Conas atá tú? kuh-nas ah-taw too How are you?
Tá mé go maith, go raibh maith agat. taw may goh mah, goh rev mah ah-gut I'm good, thank you.
Cén t-ainm atá ort? kayn t-ahn-im ah-taw ort What's your name?
Is mise [name]. iss meh-shuh [name] My name is [name].

Goodbye - Slán[edit | edit source]

When it's time to say goodbye, the most common way to do so in Irish is by saying "Slán" (pronounced slawn). This simple word means "goodbye" and is used in both formal and informal situations.

Here are a few examples of how to use "Slán" in different contexts:

Irish Pronunciation English
Slán slawn Goodbye
Slán go fóill slawn goh fweel Goodbye for now
Slán agat slawn ah-gut Goodbye (to one person)
Slán leat slawn lat Goodbye (informal, to one person)
Slán libh slawn liv Goodbye (formal, to more than one person)

How are you? - Conas atá tú?[edit | edit source]

To ask someone how they are doing in Irish, you can say "Conas atá tú?" (pronounced kuh-nas ah-taw too). This is a common greeting and is often used in conversation.

Here are a few examples of how to use "Conas atá tú?" in different contexts:

Irish Pronunciation English
Conas atá tú? kuh-nas ah-taw too How are you?
Tá mé go maith, go raibh maith agat. taw may goh mah, goh rev mah ah-gut I'm good, thank you.
Tá mé go dona. taw may goh duh-nah I'm not feeling well.
Tá mé tuirseach. taw may tier-shuhk I'm tired.
Go raibh maith agat, agus tú féin? goh rev mah ah-gut, ah-gus too fayn Thank you, and yourself?

What's your name? - Cén t-ainm atá ort?[edit | edit source]

If you want to ask someone's name in Irish, you can say "Cén t-ainm atá ort?" (pronounced kayn t-ahn-im ah-taw ort). This is a common question when meeting someone for the first time.

Here are a few examples of how to use "Cén t-ainm atá ort?" in different contexts:

Irish Pronunciation English
Cén t-ainm atá ort? kayn t-ahn-im ah-taw ort What's your name?
Is mise [name]. iss meh-shuh [name] My name is [name].
Tá áthas orm bualadh leat. taw aw-hus or-um boo-lah leat Nice to meet you.
An bhfuil tú ag foghlaim Gaeilge? an will too eg foh-lim gayl-guh Are you learning Irish?
Táim ag foghlaim. taw-im eg foh-lim I'm learning.

Cultural Insights[edit | edit source]

Greetings in the Irish language are not only a way of saying hello and goodbye, but they also reflect the rich cultural heritage and history of Ireland. The Irish language, also known as Gaeilge, has been spoken on the island for centuries and is an integral part of Irish identity.

In different regions of Ireland, you may come across variations in greetings and their usage. For example, in some areas, people may use the phrase "Maidin mhaith" (pronounced mah-djin wah) as a greeting in the morning, which means "Good morning." Similarly, "Tráthnóna maith" (pronounced traw-no-nah mah) can be used as a greeting in the evening, meaning "Good evening." These regional variations add to the diversity and charm of the Irish language.

Historically, the Irish language has faced challenges and has seen a decline in usage over the years. However, there has been a resurgence of interest in recent times, with initiatives to promote and preserve the language. Greetings in Irish play a crucial role in keeping the language alive and connecting people to their cultural heritage.

It is worth mentioning that the Irish language has a strong connection to traditional Irish music and dance. Many traditional Irish songs and dances include phrases and expressions that can be used as greetings. For example, in the song "Óró sé do bheatha abhaile" (pronounced o-roh shay duh veh-ha ah-wah-leh), the phrase "Sé do bheatha" (pronounced shay duh veh-ha) is used, which means "Welcome."

As you continue your journey in learning Irish, embracing the cultural aspects of the language will deepen your understanding and appreciation for the Irish-speaking world.

Practice Exercises[edit | edit source]

Now it's time to practice what you've learned! Below are some exercises to help you reinforce your knowledge of basic greetings in Irish. Try to answer the questions and then check your answers against the provided solutions. Don't worry if you make mistakes - practice makes perfect!

Exercise 1: Match the Greetings Match the Irish greetings on the left with their English translations on the right.

Irish English
Dia dhuit Goodbye
Slán Hello
Conas atá tú? How are you?
Cén t-ainm atá ort? What's your name?

Solution:

Irish English
Dia dhuit Hello
Slán Goodbye
Conas atá tú? How are you?
Cén t-ainm atá ort? What's your name?

Exercise 2: Fill in the Blanks Fill in the blanks with the appropriate Irish greetings.

1. Tá mé go maith, __________. 2. __________, go fóill. 3. __________ agat. 4. __________ leat.

Solution: 1. Tá mé go maith, __go raibh maith agat__. 2. __Slán__, go fóill. 3. __Slán__ agat. 4. __Slán__ leat.

Exercise 3: Conversation Practice Read the following conversation and answer the questions.

Conor: Dia dhuit! Conas atá tú? Sara: Dia is Muire dhuit! Tá mé go maith, go raibh maith agat. Cén t-ainm atá ort? Conor: Is mise Conor. Tá áthas orm bualadh leat. Sara: Tá áthas orm freisin. An bhfuil tú ag foghlaim Gaeilge? Conor: Táim ag foghlaim.

Questions: 1. What does Conor say to greet Sara? 2. How does Sara respond to Conor's greeting? 3. What does Conor say his name is? 4. What does Sara say after Conor mentions learning Irish?

Solution: 1. Conor says "Dia dhuit!" to greet Sara. 2. Sara responds with "Dia is Muire dhuit!" 3. Conor says his name is Conor. 4. Sara says "Tá áthas orm freisin."

Conclusion[edit | edit source]

Congratulations! You have successfully completed the lesson on basic greetings in Irish. You have learned how to say hello, goodbye, and other common greetings in Irish, as well as cultural insights related to greetings in the Irish language. By practicing the exercises, you have reinforced your understanding and are one step closer to becoming proficient in Irish.

In the next lesson, we will continue our exploration of greetings and introductions by learning how to introduce yourself and ask for someone's name in Irish. This will further enhance your ability to navigate social interactions and connect with others in the Irish-speaking world.

Keep up the great work and continue to embrace the beauty of the Irish language and culture!

Table of Contents - Irish Course - 0 to A1[edit source]


Greetings and Introductions


Basic Sentence Structure


Numbers and Time


Questions and Answers


Family and Relationships


Possession and Pronouns


Food and Drink


Verb Conjugation


Hobbies and Activities


Adjectives and Adverbs


Travel and Transportation


Prepositions


Weather and Seasons


Irish History and Culture


Irish Literature and Folklore


Sources[edit | edit source]


Other Lessons[edit | edit source]




Next Lesson — Introducing Yourself ▶️

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