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It is recommended to use a color temperature adjuster such as [http://jonls.dk/redshift/ Redshift] when viewing, because I choose the colors with it on.
[[File:learn-german-polyglot-club2.jpg|thumb]]


The function of declension is to indicate the case, the number (grammatical) and the gender of the noun.
Hello everybody,


There should always be one or two words in the sentence showing the case, number and gender clearly. Not distinctively clear, but clear enough.
In today's lesson you will learn some useful vocabulary about '''¨DECLENSION¨''' in German


This lesson is still not completed.
Feel free to edit this page by adding new words and expressions !


== Adjective (with determiners) ==
Happy learning ! :)


Declensions happen to attributive adjectives.


It is more effective to memorise adjective declensions with determiners.


Determiners include articles, pronouns.
It is recommended to use a color temperature adjuster such as [http://jonls.dk/redshift/ Redshift] when viewing, because I choose the colors with it on.


=== Weak declension ===
The function of declension is to indicate the case, the number (grammatical) and the gender of the noun.


Weak declension is used when the preceding determiner indicates the case, gender and number of the noun.
There should always be one or two words in the sentence showing the case, number and gender clearly. Not distinctively clear, but clear enough.


For the determiner, it is a strong declension.
<span link>Once you've mastered this lesson, take a look at these related pages:</span> [[Language/Swiss-german/Grammar/Gender|Gender]], [[Language/German/Grammar/Be-Polite|Be Polite]], [[Language/German/Grammar/Plural-Forms|Plural Forms]] & [[Language/German/Grammar/How-to-Use-Be|How to Use Be]].  
== Adjective with determiner ==


==== der (definite article) neue ====
Declensions happen to attributive adjectives.


the new
It is more effective to memorise adjective declensions with determiners.


{| class="wikitable"
=== Strong declension ===
|-
!
!masculine
!neuter
!feminine
!plural
|-
!nominative
|<span style="color:#0000FF">der neue</span>
|<span style="color:#008000">das neue</span>
|<span style="color:#FF0000">die neue</span>
|<span style="color:#FF8080">die neuen</span>
|-
!accusative
|<span style="color:#C0C0FF">den neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#008000">das neue</span>
|<span style="color:#FF0000">die neue</span>
|<span style="color:#FF8080">die neuen</span>
|-
!dative
|<span style="color:#C000FF">dem neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#C000FF">dem neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#8080FF">der neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#C0C0FF">den neuen</span>
|-
!genitive
|<span style="color:#00C0FF">des neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#00C0FF">des neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#8080FF">der neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#8080FF">der neuen</span>
|}


==== derselbe neue ====
Strong declension is used when there is no preceding determiner or the determiner can't fully indicate the case, gender and number of the noun (e.g. mehr, etwas).


the same new
For the determiner, it is not a strong declension.


{| class="wikitable"
==== Adjective ====
|-
!
!masculine
!neuter
!feminine
!plural
|-
!nominative
|<span style="color:#0000FF">derselbe neue</span>
|<span style="color:#008000">dasselbe neue</span>
|<span style="color:#FF0000">dieselbe neue</span>
|<span style="color:#FF8080">dieselben neuen</span>
|-
!accusative
|<span style="color:#C0C0FF">denselben neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#008000">dasselbe neue</span>
|<span style="color:#FF0000">dieselbe neue</span>
|<span style="color:#FF8080">dieselben neuen</span>
|-
!dative
|<span style="color:#C000FF">demselben neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#C000FF">demselben neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#8080FF">derselben neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#C0C0FF">denselben neuen</span>
|-
!genitive
|<span style="color:#00C0FF">desselben neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#00C0FF">desselben neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#8080FF">derselben neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#8080FF">derselben neuen</span>
|}


==== derjenige neue ====
===== neuer =====


the new one
new


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|-
!
!
!masculine
!masculine singular
!neuter
!neuter singular
!feminine
!feminine singular
!plural
!plural
|-
|-
!nominative
!nominative
|<span style="color:#0000FF">derjenige neue</span>
|<span style="color:#0000FF">neuer</span>
|<span style="color:#008000">dasjenige neue</span>
|<span style="color:#008000">neues</span>
|<span style="color:#FF0000">diejenige neue</span>
|<span style="color:#FF0000">neue</span>
|<span style="color:#FF8080">diejenige neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#FF0000">neue</span>
|-
|-
!accusative
!accusative
|<span style="color:#C0C0FF">denjenige neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#C0C0FF">neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#008000">dasjenige neue</span>
|<span style="color:#008000">neues</span>
|<span style="color:#FF0000">diejenige neue</span>
|<span style="color:#FF0000">neue</span>
|<span style="color:#FF8080">diejenige neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#FF0000">neue</span>
|-
|-
!dative
!dative
|<span style="color:#C000FF">demjenige neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#C000FF">neuem</span>
|<span style="color:#C000FF">demjenige neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#C000FF">neuem</span>
|<span style="color:#8080FF">derjenige neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#0000FF">neuer</span>
|<span style="color:#C0C0FF">denjenige neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#C0C0FF">neuen</span>
|-
|-
!genitive
!genitive
|<span style="color:#00C0FF">desjenige neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#C0C0FF">neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#00C0FF">desjenige neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#C0C0FF">neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#8080FF">derjenige neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#0000FF">neuer</span>
|<span style="color:#8080FF">derjenige neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#0000FF">neuer</span>
|}
|}


==== dieser neue ====
You may wonder if “-en” will easily lead to a confusion because it can be used across 3 cases. You can find the clue why it won't in this page.
 
this new one; that new one
 
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!
!masculine
!neuter
!feminine
!plural
|-
!nominative
|<span style="color:#0000FF">dieser neue</span>
|<span style="color:#008000">dieses neue</span>
|<span style="color:#FF0000">diese neue</span>
|<span style="color:#FF8080">diese neuen</span>
|-
!accusative
|<span style="color:#C0C0FF">diesen neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#008000">dieses neue</span>
|<span style="color:#FF0000">diese neue</span>
|<span style="color:#FF8080">diese neuen</span>
|-
!dative
|<span style="color:#C000FF">diesem neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#C000FF">diesem neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#8080FF">dieser neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#C0C0FF">diesen neuen</span>
|-
!genitive
|<span style="color:#00C0FF">dieses neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#00C0FF">dieses neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#8080FF">dieser neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#8080FF">dieser neuen</span>
|}
 
==== jener neue ====
 
that new one (formal)
 
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!
!masculine
!neuter
!feminine
!plural
|-
!nominative
|<span style="color:#0000FF">jener neue</span>
|<span style="color:#008000">jenes neue</span>
|<span style="color:#FF0000">jene neue</span>
|<span style="color:#FF8080">jene neuen</span>
|-
!accusative
|<span style="color:#C0C0FF">jenen neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#008000">jenes neue</span>
|<span style="color:#FF0000">jene neue</span>
|<span style="color:#FF8080">jene neuen</span>
|-
!dative
|<span style="color:#C000FF">jenem neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#C000FF">jenem neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#8080FF">jener neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#C0C0FF">jenen neuen</span>
|-
!genitive
|<span style="color:#00C0FF">jenes neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#00C0FF">jenes neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#8080FF">jener neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#8080FF">jener neuen</span>
|}
 
==== jeglicher neue ====
 
any new; each new, every new
 
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!
!masculine
!neuter
!feminine
|-
!nominative
|<span style="color:#0000FF">jeglicher neue</span>
|<span style="color:#008000">jegliches neue</span>
|<span style="color:#FF0000">jegliche neue</span>
|-
!accusative
|<span style="color:#C0C0FF">jeglichen neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#008000">jegliches neue</span>
|<span style="color:#FF0000">jegliche neue</span>
|-
!dative
|<span style="color:#C000FF">jeglichem neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#C000FF">jeglichem neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#8080FF">jeglicher neuen</span>
|-
!genitive
|<span style="color:#00C0FF">jegliches neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#00C0FF">jegliches neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#8080FF">jeglicher neuen</span>
|}
 
==== jeder neue ====
 
each new, every new
 
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!
!masculine
!neuter
!feminine
|-
!nominative
|<span style="color:#0000FF">jeder neue</span>
|<span style="color:#008000">jedes neue</span>
|<span style="color:#FF0000">jede neue</span>
|-
!accusative
|<span style="color:#C0C0FF">jeden neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#008000">jedes neue</span>
|<span style="color:#FF0000">jede neue</span>
|-
!dative
|<span style="color:#C000FF">jedem neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#C000FF">jedem neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#8080FF">jeder neuen</span>
|-
!genitive
|<span style="color:#00C0FF">jedes neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#00C0FF">jedes neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#8080FF">jeder neuen</span>
|}
 
==== mancher neue ====
 
many a new, many new, some new
 
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!
!masculine
!neuter
!feminine
!plural
|-
!nominative
|<span style="color:#0000FF">mancher neue</span>
|<span style="color:#008000">manches neue</span>
|<span style="color:#FF0000">manche neue</span>
|<span style="color:#FF8080">manche neuen</span>
|-
!accusative
|<span style="color:#C0C0FF">manchen neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#008000">manches neue</span>
|<span style="color:#FF0000">manche neue</span>
|<span style="color:#FF8080">manche neuen</span>
|-
!dative
|<span style="color:#C000FF">manchem neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#C000FF">manchem neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#8080FF">mancher neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#C0C0FF">manchen neuen</span>
|-
!genitive
|<span style="color:#00C0FF">manches neuen</span>
 
<span style="color:#C0C0FF">manchen neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#00C0FF">manches neuen</span>
 
<span style="color:#C0C0FF">manchen neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#8080FF">mancher neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#8080FF">mancher neuen</span>
|}
 
==== solcher neue ====
 
such a new, such new
 
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!
!masculine
!neuter
!feminine
!plural
|-
!nominative
|<span style="color:#0000FF">solcher neue</span>
|<span style="color:#008000">solches neue</span>
|<span style="color:#FF0000">solche neue</span>
|<span style="color:#FF8080">solche neuen</span>
|-
!accusative
|<span style="color:#C0C0FF">solchen neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#008000">solches neue</span>
|<span style="color:#FF0000">solche neue</span>
|<span style="color:#FF8080">solche neuen</span>
|-
!dative
|<span style="color:#C000FF">solchem neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#C000FF">solchem neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#8080FF">solcher neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#C0C0FF">solchen neuen</span>
|-
!genitive
|<span style="color:#C0C0FF">solchen neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#C0C0FF">solchen neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#8080FF">solcher neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#8080FF">solcher neuen</span>
|}
 
==== welcher neue ====
 
which new, what new
 
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!
!masculine
!neuter
!feminine
!plural
|-
!nominative
|<span style="color:#0000FF">welcher neue</span>
|<span style="color:#008000">welches neue</span>
|<span style="color:#FF0000">welche neue</span>
|<span style="color:#FF8080">welche neuen</span>
|-
!accusative
|<span style="color:#C0C0FF">welchen neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#008000">welches neue</span>
|<span style="color:#FF0000">welche neue</span>
|<span style="color:#FF8080">welche neuen</span>
|-
!dative
|<span style="color:#C000FF">welchem neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#C000FF">welchem neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#8080FF">welcher neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#C0C0FF">welchen neuen</span>
|-
!genitive
|<span style="color:#00C0FF">welches neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#00C0FF">welches neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#8080FF">welcher neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#8080FF">welcher neuen</span>
|}


=== Mixed declension ===
=== Mixed declension ===


Mixed declension is used when the preceding determiner is an indefinite article or a possessive pronoun.
Mixed declension is used when the preceding determiner is an indefinite article or a possessive pronoun.
Comparing to the strong declension, 5 forms of suffixes of the adjective are kept, while others are changed to “-en”.


For the determiner, it is a strong declension.
For the determiner, it is a strong declension.


==== ein neuer ====
==== Indefinite article + adjective ====
 
===== ein (indefinite article) neuer =====


a new
a new
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|-
|-
!
!
!masculine
!masculine singular
!neuter
!neuter singular
!feminine
!feminine singular
|-
|-
!nominative
!nominative
Line 423: Line 113:
|}
|}


==== kein neuer ====
===== kein (indefinite article) neuer =====


no new
no new
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|-
|-
!
!
!masculine
!masculine singular
!neuter
!neuter singular
!feminine
!feminine singular
!plural
!plural
|-
|-
Line 460: Line 150:
|}
|}


==== mein neuer ====
[[#Indefinite article|go to “indefinite article”]]
 
==== Possessive pronoun + adjective ====
 
===== mein neuer =====


my new
my new
Line 467: Line 161:
|-
|-
!
!
!masculine
!masculine singular
!neuter
!neuter singular
!feminine
!feminine singular
!plural
!plural
|-
|-
Line 497: Line 191:
|}
|}


==== dein neuer ====
===== dein neuer =====


your new (singular informal)
your new (singular informal)
Line 504: Line 198:
|-
|-
!
!
!masculine
!masculine singular
!neuter
!neuter singular
!feminine
!feminine singular
!plural
!plural
|-
|-
Line 534: Line 228:
|}
|}


==== sein neuer ====
===== sein neuer =====


his new
his new
Line 541: Line 235:
|-
|-
!
!
!masculine
!masculine singular
!neuter
!neuter singular
!feminine
!feminine singular
!plural
!plural
|-
|-
Line 571: Line 265:
|}
|}


==== ihr neuer ====
===== ihr neuer =====


her new; its new; one's new; their new
her new; its new; one's new; their new
Line 578: Line 272:
|-
|-
!
!
!masculine
!masculine singular
!neuter
!neuter singular
!feminine
!feminine singular
!plural
!plural
|-
|-
Line 608: Line 302:
|}
|}


==== Ihr neuer ====
===== Ihr neuer =====


your new (formal)
your new (formal)
Line 615: Line 309:
|-
|-
!
!
!masculine
!masculine singular
!neuter
!neuter singular
!feminine
!feminine singular
!plural
!plural
|-
|-
Line 645: Line 339:
|}
|}


==== unser neuer ====
===== unser neuer =====


our new
our new
Line 652: Line 346:
|-
|-
!
!
!masculine
!masculine singular
!neuter
!neuter singular
!feminine
!feminine singular
!plural
!plural
|-
|-
Line 703: Line 397:
|}
|}


==== euer neuer ====
===== euer neuer =====


your new (plural informal)
your new (plural informal)
Line 710: Line 404:
|-
|-
!
!
!masculine
!masculine singular
!neuter
!neuter singular
!feminine
!feminine singular
!plural
!plural
|-
|-
Line 754: Line 448:
|}
|}


==== ein bisschen neuer ====
[[#Possessive pronoun|go to “possessive pronoun”]]


a bit new
=== Weak declension ===


This is two-way: “ein” can be declined or not, determined by whether “ein” and “bisschen” are considered as separated or integrated. If “ein” is declined, then it is a strong declension for the determiner and a mixed declension for the adjective, just like “ein paar neue” below; if “ein” is not declined, then it is no declension for the determiner and a strong declension for the adjective, just like “ein neuer” above.
Weak declension is used when the preceding determiner indicates the case, gender and number of the noun (e.g. [[#Demonstrative pronoun|demonstrative pronouns]], [[#Distributive pronoun|distributive pronouns]]).


{| class="wikitable"
Comparing to the mixed declension, the suffixes of previous 5 unchanged forms of the adjective are changed to “-e”, while others are kept as “-en”.
|-
!
!masculine
!neuter
!feminine
|-
!nominative
|<span style="color:#0000FF">ein bisschen neuer</span>
|<span style="color:#008000">ein bisschen neues</span>
|<span style="color:#FF0000">eine bisschen neue</span>
|-
!accusative
|<span style="color:#C0C0FF">einen bisschen neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#008000">ein bisschen neues</span>
|<span style="color:#FF0000">eine bisschen neue</span>
|-
!dative
|<span style="color:#C000FF">einem bisschen neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#C000FF">einem bisschen neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#8080FF">einer bisschen neuen</span>
|-
!genitive
|<span style="color:#00C0FF">eines bisschen neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#00C0FF">eines bisschen neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#8080FF">einer bisschen neuen</span>
|}


=== Strong declension ===
For the determiner, it is a strong declension.


Strong declension is used when there is no preceding determiner or the determiner can't fully indicate the case, gender and number of the noun.
==== Definite article + adjective ====


For the determiner, it is not strong declension.
===== der (definite article) neue =====


==== neuer ====
the new
 
new


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|-
!
!
!masculine
!masculine singular
!neuter
!neuter singular
!feminine
!feminine singular
!plural
!plural
|-
|-
!nominative
!nominative
|<span style="color:#0000FF">neuer</span>
|<span style="color:#0000FF">der neue</span>
|<span style="color:#008000">neues</span>
|<span style="color:#008000">das neue</span>
|<span style="color:#FF0000">neue</span>
|<span style="color:#FF0000">die neue</span>
|<span style="color:#FF0000">neue</span>
|<span style="color:#FF8080">die neuen</span>
|-
|-
!accusative
!accusative
|<span style="color:#C0C0FF">neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#C0C0FF">den neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#008000">neues</span>
|<span style="color:#008000">das neue</span>
|<span style="color:#FF0000">neue</span>
|<span style="color:#FF0000">die neue</span>
|<span style="color:#FF0000">neue</span>
|<span style="color:#FF8080">die neuen</span>
|-
|-
!dative
!dative
|<span style="color:#C000FF">neuem</span>
|<span style="color:#C000FF">dem neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#C000FF">neuem</span>
|<span style="color:#C000FF">dem neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#0000FF">neuer</span>
|<span style="color:#8080FF">der neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#C0C0FF">neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#C0C0FF">den neuen</span>
|-
|-
!genitive
!genitive
|<span style="color:#C0C0FF">neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#00C0FF">des neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#C0C0FF">neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#00C0FF">des neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#0000FF">neuer</span>
|<span style="color:#8080FF">der neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#0000FF">neuer</span>
|<span style="color:#8080FF">der neuen</span>
|}
|}


==== etwas neuer ====
[[#Definite article|go to “definite article”]]


some new
=== No declension ===


{| class="wikitable"
Declension doesn't happen to predicative adjectives.
|-
!
!masculine
!neuter
!feminine
!plural
|-
!nominative
|<span style="color:#0000FF">etwas neuer</span>
|<span style="color:#008000">etwas neues</span>
|<span style="color:#FF0000">etwas neue</span>
|<span style="color:#FF0000">etwas neue</span>
|-
!accusative
|<span style="color:#C0C0FF">etwas neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#008000">etwas neues</span>
|<span style="color:#FF0000">etwas neue</span>
|<span style="color:#FF0000">etwas neue</span>
|-
!dative
|<span style="color:#C000FF">etwas neuem</span>
|<span style="color:#C000FF">etwas neuem</span>
|<span style="color:#0000FF">etwas neuer</span>
|<span style="color:#C0C0FF">etwas neuen</span>
|-
!genitive
|<span style="color:#C0C0FF">etwas neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#C0C0FF">etwas neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#0000FF">etwas neuer</span>
|<span style="color:#0000FF">etwas neuer</span>
|}
 
==== mehr neuer ====


more new
is new / are new


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|-
!
!
!masculine
!masculine singular
!neuter
!neuter singular
!feminine
!feminine singular
!plural
!plural
|-
|-
!nominative
!nominative
|<span style="color:#0000FF">mehr neuer</span>
| colspan="3" rowspan="4" |ist neu
|<span style="color:#008000">mehr neues</span>
| rowspan="4" |sind neu
|<span style="color:#FF0000">mehr neue</span>
|<span style="color:#FF0000">mehr neue</span>
|-
|-
!accusative
!accusative
|<span style="color:#C0C0FF">mehr neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#008000">mehr neues</span>
|<span style="color:#FF0000">mehr neue</span>
|<span style="color:#FF0000">mehr neue</span>
|-
|-
!dative
!dative
|<span style="color:#C000FF">mehr neuem</span>
|<span style="color:#C000FF">mehr neuem</span>
|<span style="color:#0000FF">mehr neuer</span>
|<span style="color:#C0C0FF">mehr neuen</span>
|-
|-
!genitive
!genitive
|<span style="color:#C0C0FF">mehr neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#C0C0FF">mehr neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#0000FF">mehr neuer</span>
|<span style="color:#0000FF">mehr neuer</span>
|}
|}


==== ein paar neuer ====
=== Special adjective ===


a few new
[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/wenig#Declension wenig]


{| class="wikitable"
[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/viel#Declension viel]
|-
!
!masculine
!neuter
!feminine
!plural
|-
!nominative
|<span style="color:#0000FF">ein paar neuer</span>
|<span style="color:#008000">ein paar neues</span>
|<span style="color:#FF0000">ein paar neue</span>
|<span style="color:#FF0000">ein paar neue</span>
|-
!accusative
|<span style="color:#C0C0FF">ein paar neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#008000">ein paar neues</span>
|<span style="color:#FF0000">ein paar neue</span>
|<span style="color:#FF0000">ein paar neue</span>
|-
!dative
|<span style="color:#C000FF">ein paar neuem</span>
|<span style="color:#C000FF">ein paar neuem</span>
|<span style="color:#0000FF">ein paar neuer</span>
|<span style="color:#C0C0FF">ein paar neuen</span>
|-
!genitive
|<span style="color:#C0C0FF">ein paar neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#C0C0FF">ein paar neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#0000FF">ein paar neuer</span>
|<span style="color:#0000FF">ein paar neuer</span>
|}


==== ein bisschen neuer ====
[[File:Deutsche_Deklinationen_3.png]]


a bit new
== Article ==


This is two-way: “ein” can be declined or not, determined by whether “ein” and “bisschen” are considered as separated or integrated. If “ein” is declined, then it is a strong declension for the determiner and a mixed declension for the adjective, just like “ein paar” above; if “ein” is not declined, then it is no declension for the determiner and a strong declension for the adjective, just like “ein neuer” above.
=== Definite article ===


{| class="wikitable"
[[#Definite article + adjective|Declension of definite article have been described above.]]
|-
!
!masculine
!neuter
!feminine
!plural
|-
!nominative
|<span style="color:#0000FF">ein bisschen neuer</span>
|<span style="color:#008000">ein bisschen neues</span>
|<span style="color:#FF0000">ein bisschen neue</span>
|<span style="color:#FF0000">ein bisschen neue</span>
|-
!accusative
|<span style="color:#C0C0FF">ein bisschen neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#008000">ein bisschen neues</span>
|<span style="color:#FF0000">ein bisschen neue</span>
|<span style="color:#FF0000">ein bisschen neue</span>
|-
!dative
|<span style="color:#C000FF">ein bisschen neuem</span>
|<span style="color:#C000FF">ein bisschen neuem</span>
|<span style="color:#0000FF">ein bisschen neuer</span>
|<span style="color:#C0C0FF">ein bisschen neuen</span>
|-
!genitive
|<span style="color:#C0C0FF">ein bisschen neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#C0C0FF">ein bisschen neuen</span>
|<span style="color:#0000FF">ein bisschen neuer</span>
|<span style="color:#0000FF">ein bisschen neuer</span>
|}


[[File:Deutsche_Deklinationen_3.png]]
=== Indefinite article ===


=== No declension ===
[[#Indefinite article + adjective|Declension of indefinite article have been described above.]]
 
Declension doesn't happen to predicative adjectives.
 
These quantifiers are either declined or not:
 
[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/wenig#Declension wenig], [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/viel#Declension viel]


== Noun ==
== Noun ==
Line 995: Line 546:
=== Regular declension ===
=== Regular declension ===


For masculine and neuter (both singular),  an “-s” or “-es” is added in genitive accordingly. If it ends with “-z” or “-s”, that will likely be “-es”; otherwise “-s”. Sometimes both are accepted.
For masculine singular and neuter singular (both singular),  an “-s” or “-es” is added in genitive accordingly. If it ends with “-z” or “-s”, that will likely be “-es”; otherwise “-s”. Sometimes both are accepted.


For plural, an “-n” or “-en” is often added in dative accordingly. If it ends with “-z” or “-s”, that will likely be “-en”; if it ends with “-n”, then “-n” or “-en” is not to be added; otherwise “-n”.
For plural, an “-n” or “-en” is often added in dative accordingly. If it ends with “-z” or “-s”, that will likely be “-en”; if it ends with “-n”, then “-n” or “-en” is not to be added; otherwise “-n”.
Line 1,004: Line 555:
|-
|-
!
!
!masculine
!masculine singular
!neuter
!neuter singular
!feminine
!feminine singular
!plural
!plural
|-
|-
Line 1,033: Line 584:
|Gläser
|Gläser
|}
|}
If you have this question, you are carefully thinking about the declension:
Why are “-s” and “-n” added?
The clue is in this page somewhere above. I don't tell you the answer. You should and you can find it on your own.


=== N-declension ===
=== N-declension ===


For weak masculine nouns and several neuter nouns, the declension is adding “-n” or “-en” accordingly at the end in accusative, dative and genitive. If it ends with “-e”, that will likely be “-n”; otherwise “-en”.
For weak masculine singular nouns and several neuter singular nouns, the declension is adding “-n” or “-en” accordingly at the end in accusative, dative and genitive. If it ends with “-e”, that will likely be “-n”; otherwise “-en”.


student
student
Line 1,049: Line 594:
|-
|-
!
!
!masculine
!masculine singular
!plural
|-
|-
!nominative
!nominative
|Student
|Student
|Studenten
|-
|-
!accusative
!accusative
|Student'''en'''
|Student'''en'''
|Studenten
|-
|-
!dative
!dative
|Student'''en'''
|Student'''en'''
|Studenten
|-
|-
!genitive
!genitive
|Student'''en'''
|Student'''en'''
|Studenten
|}
|}


Several words have an additional “regular declension” after common N-declension in single form.
Several words have an additional “regular declension” after a common N-declension in its single form.


name
name
Line 1,071: Line 621:
|-
|-
!
!
!masculine
!masculine singular
!plural
|-
|-
!nominative
!nominative
|Name
|Name
|Namen
|-
|-
!accusative
!accusative
|Namen
|Namen
|Namen
|-
|-
!dative
!dative
|Namen
|Namen
|Namen
|-
|-
!genitive
!genitive
|Namen'''s'''
|Namen'''s'''
|Namen
|}
|}


There is an exception: Herz
There is a notable exception, with the accusative unchanged: Herz


heart
heart
Line 1,093: Line 648:
|-
|-
!
!
!neuter
!neuter singular
!plural
|-
|-
!nominative
!nominative
|Herz
|Herz
|Herzen
|-
|-
!accusative
!accusative
|Herz
|Herz
|Herzen
|-
|-
!dative
!dative
|Herzen
|Herzen
|Herzen
|-
|-
!genitive
!genitive
|Herzens
|Herzens
|Herzen
|}
|}


Line 1,156: Line 716:
|ihnen
|ihnen
|Ihnen
|Ihnen
|-
!genitive
|meiner
|deiner
|<span style="color:#4080FF">seiner</span>
|<span style="color:#FF8080">ihrer</span>
|<span style="color:#4080FF">seiner</span>
|unser
|euer
|<span style="color:#FF8080">ihrer</span>
|Ihrer
|}
|}


Line 1,187: Line 736:
|du
|du
|er
|er
|<span style="color:#FF0000>sie</span>
|<span style="color:#FF0000">sie</span>
|es
|es
|wir
|wir
|ihr
|ihr
|<span style="color:#FF0000>sie</span>
|<span style="color:#FF0000">sie</span>
|Sie
|Sie
|-
|-
Line 1,197: Line 746:
|mich
|mich
|dich
|dich
|<span style="color:#408080>sich</span>
|<span style="color:#40A0A0">sich</span>
|<span style="color:#408080>sich</span>
|<span style="color:#40A0A0">sich</span>
|<span style="color:#408080>sich</span>
|<span style="color:#40A0A0">sich</span>
|<span style="color:#A08080>uns</span>
|<span style="color:#A08080">uns</span>
|<span style="color:#E08080>euch</span>
|<span style="color:#E08080">euch</span>
|<span style="color:#408080>sich</span>
|<span style="color:#40A0A0">sich</span>
|<span style="color:#408080>sich</span>
|<span style="color:#40A0A0">sich</span>
|-
|-
!dative
!dative
|mir
|mir
|dir
|dir
|<span style="color:#408080>sich</span>
|<span style="color:#40A0A0">sich</span>
|<span style="color:#408080>sich</span>
|<span style="color:#40A0A0">sich</span>
|<span style="color:#408080>sich</span>
|<span style="color:#40A0A0">sich</span>
|<span style="color:#A08080>uns</span>
|<span style="color:#A08080">uns</span>
|<span style="color:#E08080>euch</span>
|<span style="color:#E08080">euch</span>
|<span style="color:#408080>sich</span>
|<span style="color:#40A0A0">sich</span>
|<span style="color:#408080>sich</span>
|<span style="color:#40A0A0">sich</span>
|}
|}


=== Possesive pronoun ===
=== Reciprocal pronoun ===


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
!1<sup>st</sup>-person singular
!
!2<sup>nd</sup>-person singular informal
!1<sup>st</sup>-person
!3<sup>rd</sup>-person singular masculine
!2<sup>nd</sup>-person
!3<sup>rd</sup>-person singular feminine
!3<sup>rd</sup>-person
!3<sup>rd</sup>-person singular neuter
|-
!1<sup>st</sup>-person plural
!accusative
!2<sup>nd</sup>-person plural informal
| colspan="3" rowspan="3" |einander
!3<sup>rd</sup>-person plural
|-
!2<sup>nd</sup>-person formal
!dative
|-
|-
|mein
!genitive
|dein
|<span style="color:#008080">sein</span>
|<span style="color:#FF0000">ihr</span>
|<span style="color:#008080">sein</span>
|unser
|euer
|<span style="color:#FF0000">ihr</span>
|Ihr
|}
|}
=== Possessive pronoun ===


Declensions of possessive pronouns is determined by its function:
Declensions of possessive pronouns is determined by its function:


*Weak declension: possessive pronoun is predicative and has a preceding declensional determiner.
*Possessive pronoun is attributive. [[#Possessive pronoun + adjective|Its declension is described above.]]
*Mixed declension: possessive pronoun is predicative and has no preceding declensional determiner.
{| class="wikitable"
*Strong declension: possessive pronoun is attributive.
|-
!
!masculine singular
!neuter singular
!feminine singular
!plural
|-
!nominative
|<span style="color:#0000FF">mein</span>
|<span style="color:#0000FF">mein</span>
|<span style="color:#FF0000">meine</span>
|<span style="color:#FF0000">meine</span>
|-
!accusative
|<span style="color:#C0C0FF">meinen</span>
|<span style="color:#0000FF">mein</span>
|<span style="color:#FF0000">meine</span>
|<span style="color:#FF0000">meine</span>
|-
!dative
|<span style="color:#C000FF">meinem</span>
|<span style="color:#C000FF">meinem</span>
|<span style="color:#8080FF">meiner</span>
|<span style="color:#C0C0FF">meinen</span>
|-
!genitive
|<span style="color:#00C0FF">meines</span>
|<span style="color:#00C0FF">meines</span>
|<span style="color:#8080FF">meiner</span>
|<span style="color:#8080FF">meiner</span>
|}
 
*Possessive pronoun is not attributive and has no preceding article. Add “-er” to nominative masculine singular, add “-es” to nominative and accusative neuter singular.
 
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!
!masculine singular
!neuter singular
!feminine singular
!plural
|-
!nominative
|<span style="color:#0000FF">meiner</span>
|<span style="color:#008000">meines</span>
|<span style="color:#FF0000">meine</span>
|<span style="color:#FF0000">meine</span>
|-
!accusative
|<span style="color:#C0C0FF">meinen</span>
|<span style="color:#008000">meines</span>
|<span style="color:#FF0000">meine</span>
|<span style="color:#FF0000">meine</span>
|-
!dative
|<span style="color:#C000FF">meinem</span>
|<span style="color:#C000FF">meinem</span>
|<span style="color:#0000FF">meiner</span>
|<span style="color:#C0C0FF">meinen</span>
|-
!genitive
|<span style="color:#008000">meines</span>
|<span style="color:#008000">meines</span>
|<span style="color:#0000FF">meiner</span>
|<span style="color:#0000FF">meiner</span>
|}
 
*Possessive pronoun is not attributive and has a preceding article. Suffixes become “-e” or “-en” like the weak declension of adjectives.
 
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!
!masculine singular
!neuter singular
!feminine singular
!plural
|-
!nominative
|<span style="color:#0000FF">der meine</span>
|<span style="color:#008000">das meine</span>
|<span style="color:#FF0000">die meine</span>
|<span style="color:#FF8080">die meinen</span>
|-
!accusative
|<span style="color:#C0C0FF">den meinen</span>
|<span style="color:#008000">das meine</span>
|<span style="color:#FF0000">die meine</span>
|<span style="color:#FF8080">die meinen</span>
|-
!dative
|<span style="color:#C000FF">dem meinen</span>
|<span style="color:#C000FF">dem meinen</span>
|<span style="color:#8080FF">der meinen</span>
|<span style="color:#C0C0FF">den meinen</span>
|-
!genitive
|<span style="color:#00C0FF">des meinen</span>
|<span style="color:#00C0FF">des meinen</span>
|<span style="color:#8080FF">der meinen</span>
|<span style="color:#8080FF">der meinen</span>
|}
 
=== Demonstrative pronoun ===
 
==== der (demonstrative pronoun) ====
 
that
 
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!
!masculine singular
!neuter singular
!feminine singular
!plural
|-
!nominative
|<span style="color:#0000FF">der</span>
|<span style="color:#008000">das</span>
|<span style="color:#FF0000">die</span>
|<span style="color:#FF0000">die</span>
|-
!accusative
|<span style="color:#C0C0FF">den</span>
|<span style="color:#008000">das</span>
|<span style="color:#FF0000">die</span>
|<span style="color:#FF0000">die</span>
|-
!dative
|<span style="color:#C000FF">dem</span>
|<span style="color:#C000FF">dem</span>
|<span style="color:#0000FF">der</span>
|<span style="color:#80C0FF">denen</span>
|-
!genitive
|<span style="color:#00C0FF">dessen</span>
|<span style="color:#00C0FF">dessen</span>
|<span style="color:#8080FF">deren</span>
|<span style="color:#8080FF">deren</span>
|}
 
==== derselbe ====
 
the same
 
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!
!masculine singular
!neuter singular
!feminine singular
!plural
|-
!nominative
|<span style="color:#0000FF">derselbe</span>
|<span style="color:#008000">dasselbe</span>
|<span style="color:#FF0000">dieselbe</span>
|<span style="color:#FF8080">dieselben</span>
|-
!accusative
|<span style="color:#C0C0FF">denselben</span>
|<span style="color:#008000">dasselbe</span>
|<span style="color:#FF0000">dieselbe</span>
|<span style="color:#FF8080">dieselben</span>
|-
!dative
|<span style="color:#C000FF">demselben</span>
|<span style="color:#C000FF">demselben</span>
|<span style="color:#8080FF">derselben</span>
|<span style="color:#C0C0FF">denselben</span>
|-
!genitive
|<span style="color:#00C0FF">desselben</span>
|<span style="color:#00C0FF">desselben</span>
|<span style="color:#8080FF">derselben</span>
|<span style="color:#8080FF">derselben</span>
|}
 
==== derjenige ====
 
the one
 
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!
!masculine singular
!neuter singular
!feminine singular
!plural
|-
!nominative
|<span style="color:#0000FF">derjenige</span>
|<span style="color:#008000">dasjenige</span>
|<span style="color:#FF0000">diejenige</span>
|<span style="color:#FF0000">diejenige</span>
|-
!accusative
|<span style="color:#C0C0FF">denjenige</span>
|<span style="color:#008000">dasjenige</span>
|<span style="color:#FF0000">diejenige</span>
|<span style="color:#FF0000">diejenige</span>
|-
!dative
|<span style="color:#C000FF">demjenige</span>
|<span style="color:#C000FF">demjenige</span>
|<span style="color:#0000FF">derjenige</span>
|<span style="color:#C0C0FF">denjenige</span>
|-
!genitive
|<span style="color:#00C0FF">desjenige</span>
|<span style="color:#00C0FF">desjenige</span>
|<span style="color:#0000FF">derjenige</span>
|<span style="color:#0000FF">derjenige</span>
|}
 
==== dieser ====
 
this one; that one
 
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!
!masculine singular
!neuter singular
!feminine singular
!plural
|-
!nominative
|<span style="color:#0000FF">dieser</span>
|<span style="color:#008000">dieses</span>
|<span style="color:#FF0000">diese</span>
|<span style="color:#FF0000">diese</span>
|-
!accusative
|<span style="color:#C0C0FF">diesen</span>
|<span style="color:#008000">dieses</span>
|<span style="color:#FF0000">diese</span>
|<span style="color:#FF0000">diese</span>
|-
!dative
|<span style="color:#C000FF">diesem</span>
|<span style="color:#C000FF">diesem</span>
|<span style="color:#0000FF">dieser</span>
|<span style="color:#C0C0FF">diesen</span>
|-
!genitive
|<span style="color:#008000">dieses</span>
|<span style="color:#008000">dieses</span>
|<span style="color:#0000FF">dieser</span>
|<span style="color:#0000FF">dieser</span>
|}
 
==== jener ====
 
that one (formal)
 
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!
!masculine singular
!neuter singular
!feminine singular
!plural
|-
!nominative
|<span style="color:#0000FF">jener</span>
|<span style="color:#008000">jenes</span>
|<span style="color:#FF0000">jene</span>
|<span style="color:#FF0000">jene</span>
|-
!accusative
|<span style="color:#C0C0FF">jenen</span>
|<span style="color:#008000">jenes</span>
|<span style="color:#FF0000">jene</span>
|<span style="color:#FF0000">jene</span>
|-
!dative
|<span style="color:#C000FF">jenem</span>
|<span style="color:#C000FF">jenem</span>
|<span style="color:#0000FF">jener</span>
|<span style="color:#C0C0FF">jenen</span>
|-
!genitive
|<span style="color:#008000">jenes</span>
|<span style="color:#008000">jenes</span>
|<span style="color:#0000FF">jener</span>
|<span style="color:#0000FF">jener</span>
|}
 
==== solcher ====
 
such a, such
 
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!
!masculine singular
!neuter singular
!feminine singular
!plural
|-
!nominative
|<span style="color:#0000FF">solcher</span>
|<span style="color:#008000">solches</span>
|<span style="color:#FF0000">solche</span>
|<span style="color:#FF0000">solche</span>
|-
!accusative
|<span style="color:#C0C0FF">solchen</span>
|<span style="color:#008000">solches</span>
|<span style="color:#FF0000">solche</span>
|<span style="color:#FF0000">solche</span>
|-
!dative
|<span style="color:#C000FF">solchem</span>
|<span style="color:#C000FF">solchem</span>
|<span style="color:#0000FF">solcher</span>
|<span style="color:#C0C0FF">solchen</span>
|-
!genitive
|<span style="color:#C0C0FF">solchen</span>
|<span style="color:#C0C0FF">solchen</span>
|<span style="color:#0000FF">solcher</span>
|<span style="color:#0000FF">solcher</span>
|}
 
[[#Weak declension|go to “weak declension”]]
 
=== Distributive pronoun ===
 
==== jeglicher ====
 
any; each, every
 
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!
!masculine singular
!neuter singular
!feminine singular
|-
!nominative
|<span style="color:#0000FF">jeglicher</span>
|<span style="color:#008000">jegliches</span>
|<span style="color:#FF0000">jegliche</span>
|-
!accusative
|<span style="color:#C0C0FF">jeglichen</span>
|<span style="color:#008000">jegliches</span>
|<span style="color:#FF0000">jegliche</span>
|-
!dative
|<span style="color:#C000FF">jeglichem</span>
|<span style="color:#C000FF">jeglichem</span>
|<span style="color:#0000FF">jeglicher</span>
|-
!genitive
|<span style="color:#008000">jegliches</span>
|<span style="color:#008000">jegliches</span>
|<span style="color:#0000FF">jeglicher</span>
|}
 
==== jeder ====
 
each, every
 
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!
!masculine singular
!neuter singular
!feminine singular
|-
!nominative
|<span style="color:#0000FF">jeder</span>
|<span style="color:#008000">jedes</span>
|<span style="color:#FF0000">jede</span>
|-
!accusative
|<span style="color:#C0C0FF">jeden</span>
|<span style="color:#008000">jedes</span>
|<span style="color:#FF0000">jede</span>
|-
!dative
|<span style="color:#C000FF">jedem</span>
|<span style="color:#C000FF">jedem</span>
|<span style="color:#0000FF">jeder</span>
|-
!genitive
|<span style="color:#008000">jedes</span>
|<span style="color:#008000">jedes</span>
|<span style="color:#0000FF">jeder</span>
|}
 
[[#Weak declension|go to “weak declension”]]
 
=== Interrogative pronoun ===
 
==== welcher ====
 
which, what
 
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!
!masculine singular
!neuter singular
!feminine singular
!plural
|-
!nominative
|<span style="color:#0000FF">welcher</span>
|<span style="color:#008000">welches</span>
|<span style="color:#FF0000">welche</span>
|<span style="color:#FF0000">welche</span>
|-
!accusative
|<span style="color:#C0C0FF">welchen</span>
|<span style="color:#008000">welches</span>
|<span style="color:#FF0000">welche</span>
|<span style="color:#FF0000">welche</span>
|-
!dative
|<span style="color:#C000FF">welchem</span>
|<span style="color:#C000FF">welchem</span>
|<span style="color:#0000FF">welcher</span>
|<span style="color:#C0C0FF">welchen</span>
|-
!genitive
|<span style="color:#00C0FF">welches</span>
<span style="color:#C0C0FF">welchen</span>
|<span style="color:#00C0FF">welches</span>
<span style="color:#C0C0FF">welchen</span>
|<span style="color:#0000FF">welcher</span>
|<span style="color:#0000FF">welcher</span>
|}
 
==== wer / was ====
 
who / what


Possessive pronouns have been introduced in “Adjective declension”. Its differences of declensions follow the pattern of adjectives'. If you want to see the charts, go to [https://www.germanveryeasy.com/pronouns#Possessive-Pronouns GermanVeryEasy].
{| class="wikitable"
!
!personal
!impersonal
|-
!nominative
|<span style="color:#0000FF">wer</span>
|<span style="color:#808080">was</span>
|-
!accusative
|<span style="color:#C0C0FF">wen</span>
|<span style="color:#808080">was</span>
|-
!dative
|<span style="color:#C000FF">wem</span>
|-
!genitive
|<span style="color:#00C0FF">wessen</span>
|}


=== Indefinite pronoun ===
=== Indefinite pronoun ===
==== ein (indefinite pronoun) ====


one
one


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
!
!masculine
!neuter
!feminine
|-
!nominative
|<span style="color:#0000FF">einer</span>
|<span style="color:#008000">eines</span>
<span style="color:#008000">eins</span>
|<span style="color:#FF0000">eine</span>
|-
!accusative
|<span style="color:#C0C0FF">einen</span>
|<span style="color:#008000">eines</span>
<span style="color:#008000">eins</span>
|<span style="color:#FF0000">eine</span>
|-
!dative
|<span style="color:#C000FF">einem</span>
|<span style="color:#C000FF">einem</span>
|<span style="color:#0000FF">einer</span>
|-
!genitive
|<span style="color:#00C0FF">eines</span>
|<span style="color:#00C0FF">eines</span>
|<span style="color:#0000FF">einer</span>
|}
==== kein (indefinite pronoun) ====
no one
{| class="wikitable"
!
!masculine
!neuter
!feminine
|-
!nominative
|<span style="color:#0000FF">keiner</span>
|<span style="color:#008000">keines</span>
<span style="color:#008000">keins</span>
|<span style="color:#FF0000">keine</span>
|-
!accusative
|<span style="color:#C0C0FF">keinen</span>
|<span style="color:#008000">keines</span>
<span style="color:#008000">keins</span>
|<span style="color:#FF0000">keine</span>
|-
!dative
|<span style="color:#C000FF">keinem</span>
|<span style="color:#C000FF">keinem</span>
|<span style="color:#0000FF">keiner</span>
|-
!genitive
|<span style="color:#00C0FF">keines</span>
|<span style="color:#00C0FF">keines</span>
|<span style="color:#0000FF">keiner</span>
|}
==== man ====
one
{| class="wikitable"
!
!singular
|-
!nominative
!nominative
|man
|man
|-
|-
!accusative
!accusative
|einen
|<span style="color:#C0C0FF">einen</span>
|-
|-
!dative
!dative
|einem
|<span style="color:#C000FF">einem</span>
|-
|-
!genitive
!genitive
|sein
|sein
|}
==== jemand ====
someone, somebody
{| class="wikitable"
!
!singular
|-
!nominative
|<span style="color:#808080">jemand</span>
|-
!accusative
|<span style="color:#C0C0FF">jemanden</span>
<span style="color:#808080">jemand</span>
|-
!dative
|<span style="color:#C000FF">jemandem</span>
<span style="color:#808080">jemand</span>
|-
!genitive
|<span style="color:#00C0FF">jemandes</span>
<span style="color:#00C0FF">jemands</span>
|}
==== niemand ====
no one, nobody
{| class="wikitable"
!
!singular
|-
!nominative
|<span style="color:#808080">niemand</span>
|-
!accusative
|<span style="color:#C0C0FF">niemanden</span>
<span style="color:#808080">niemand</span>
|-
!dative
|<span style="color:#C000FF">niemandem</span>
<span style="color:#808080">niemand</span>
|-
!genitive
|<span style="color:#00C0FF">niemandes</span>
<span style="color:#00C0FF">niemands</span>
|}
==== aller ====
all
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!
!masculine singular
!neuter singular
!feminine singular
!plural
|-
!nominative
|<span style="color:#0000FF">aller</span>
|<span style="color:#008000">alles</span>
|<span style="color:#FF0000">alle</span>
|<span style="color:#FF0000">alle</span>
|-
!accusative
|<span style="color:#C0C0FF">allen</span>
|<span style="color:#008000">alles</span>
|<span style="color:#FF0000">alle</span>
|<span style="color:#FF0000">alle</span>
|-
!dative
|<span style="color:#C000FF">allem</span>
|<span style="color:#C000FF">allem</span>
|<span style="color:#0000FF">aller</span>
|<span style="color:#C0C0FF">allen</span>
|-
!genitive
|<span style="color:#008000">alles</span>
<span style="color:#C0C0FF">allen</span>
|<span style="color:#008000">alles</span>
<span style="color:#C0C0FF">allen</span>
|<span style="color:#0000FF">aller</span>
|<span style="color:#0000FF">aller</span>
|}
==== beide ====
both
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!
!plural
|-
!nominative
|<span style="color:#FF0000">beide</span>
|-
!accusative
|<span style="color:#FF0000">beide</span>
|-
!dative
|<span style="color:#C0C0FF">beiden</span>
|-
!genitive
|<span style="color:#8080FF">beider</span>
|}
==== einige ====
some
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!
!masculine singular
!neuter singular
!feminine singular
!plural
|-
!nominative
|<span style="color:#0000FF">einiger</span>
|<span style="color:#008000">einiges</span>
|<span style="color:#FF0000">einige</span>
|<span style="color:#FF0000">einige</span>
|-
!accusative
|<span style="color:#C0C0FF">einigen</span>
|<span style="color:#008000">einiges</span>
|<span style="color:#FF0000">einige</span>
|<span style="color:#FF0000">einige</span>
|-
!dative
|<span style="color:#C000FF">einigem</span>
|<span style="color:#C000FF">einigem</span>
|<span style="color:#0000FF">einiger</span>
|<span style="color:#C0C0FF">einigen</span>
|-
!genitive
|<span style="color:#008000">einiges</span>
|<span style="color:#008000">einiges</span>
|<span style="color:#0000FF">einiger</span>
|<span style="color:#0000FF">einiger</span>
|}
==== mancher ====
many a, many, some
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!
!masculine singular
!neuter singular
!feminine singular
!plural
|-
!nominative
|<span style="color:#0000FF">mancher</span>
|<span style="color:#008000">manches</span>
|<span style="color:#FF0000">manche</span>
|<span style="color:#FF0000">manche</span>
|-
!accusative
|<span style="color:#C0C0FF">manchen</span>
|<span style="color:#008000">manches</span>
|<span style="color:#FF0000">manche</span>
|<span style="color:#FF0000">manche</span>
|-
!dative
|<span style="color:#C000FF">manchem</span>
|<span style="color:#C000FF">manchem</span>
|<span style="color:#0000FF">mancher</span>
|<span style="color:#C0C0FF">manchen</span>
|-
!genitive
|<span style="color:#008000">manches</span>
<span style="color:#C0C0FF">manchen</span>
|<span style="color:#008000">manches</span>
<span style="color:#C0C0FF">manchen</span>
|<span style="color:#0000FF">mancher</span>
|<span style="color:#0000FF">mancher</span>
|}
=== Relative pronoun ===
==== der (relative pronoun) ====
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!
!masculine singular
!neuter singular
!feminine singular
!plural
|-
!nominative
|<span style="color:#0000FF">der</span>
|<span style="color:#008000">das</span>
|<span style="color:#FF0000">die</span>
|<span style="color:#FF0000">die</span>
|-
!accusative
|<span style="color:#C0C0FF">den</span>
|<span style="color:#008000">das</span>
|<span style="color:#FF0000">die</span>
|<span style="color:#FF0000">die</span>
|-
!dative
|<span style="color:#C000FF">dem</span>
|<span style="color:#C000FF">dem</span>
|<span style="color:#0000FF">der</span>
|<span style="color:#80C0FF">denen</span>
|-
!genitive
|<span style="color:#00C0FF">dessen</span>
|<span style="color:#00C0FF">dessen</span>
|<span style="color:#8080FF">deren</span>
|<span style="color:#8080FF">deren</span>
|}
|}


Line 1,274: Line 1,567:


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_High_German_declension
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_High_German_declension
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archaic_Dutch_declension


== Reference ==
== Reference ==
Line 1,282: Line 1,577:


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_adjectives#Weak,_mixed,_and_strong_inflection
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_adjectives#Weak,_mixed,_and_strong_inflection
https://deutsch.lingolia.com/en/grammar


https://www.germanveryeasy.com/noun-declension
https://www.germanveryeasy.com/noun-declension
Line 1,288: Line 1,585:


https://www.germanveryeasy.com/pronouns
https://www.germanveryeasy.com/pronouns
https://www.wiktionary.org/
https://www.deutschplus.net/en/pages/Reziprokpronomen
==-- AUTHOR --==
[https://polyglotclub.com/member/GrimPixel GrimPixel]
==Other Lessons==
* [[Language/German/Grammar/How-to-Use-Be|How to Use Be]]
* [[Language/German/Grammar/Gender|Gender]]
* [[Language/German/Grammar/Possessive-Case-in-German|Possessive Case in German]]
* [[Language/German/Grammar/Past-Tense---Part-1---Perfect-Tense|Past Tense Part 1 Perfect Tense]]
* [[Language/German/Grammar/Pronouns-in-German|Pronouns in German]]
* [[Language/German/Grammar/Prepositions|Prepositions]]
* [[Language/German/Grammar/Negation|Negation]]
* [[Language/German/Grammar/Cases|Cases]]
* [[Language/German/Grammar/Nouns|Nouns]]
<span links></span>

Latest revision as of 23:13, 26 March 2023

Learn-german-polyglot-club2.jpg

Hello everybody,

In today's lesson you will learn some useful vocabulary about ¨DECLENSION¨ in German

Feel free to edit this page by adding new words and expressions !

Happy learning ! :)


It is recommended to use a color temperature adjuster such as Redshift when viewing, because I choose the colors with it on.

The function of declension is to indicate the case, the number (grammatical) and the gender of the noun.

There should always be one or two words in the sentence showing the case, number and gender clearly. Not distinctively clear, but clear enough.

Once you've mastered this lesson, take a look at these related pages: Gender, Be Polite, Plural Forms & How to Use Be.

Adjective with determiner[edit | edit source]

Declensions happen to attributive adjectives.

It is more effective to memorise adjective declensions with determiners.

Strong declension[edit | edit source]

Strong declension is used when there is no preceding determiner or the determiner can't fully indicate the case, gender and number of the noun (e.g. mehr, etwas).

For the determiner, it is not a strong declension.

Adjective[edit | edit source]

neuer[edit | edit source]

new

masculine singular neuter singular feminine singular plural
nominative neuer neues neue neue
accusative neuen neues neue neue
dative neuem neuem neuer neuen
genitive neuen neuen neuer neuer

You may wonder if “-en” will easily lead to a confusion because it can be used across 3 cases. You can find the clue why it won't in this page.

Mixed declension[edit | edit source]

Mixed declension is used when the preceding determiner is an indefinite article or a possessive pronoun.

Comparing to the strong declension, 5 forms of suffixes of the adjective are kept, while others are changed to “-en”.

For the determiner, it is a strong declension.

Indefinite article + adjective[edit | edit source]

ein (indefinite article) neuer[edit | edit source]

a new

masculine singular neuter singular feminine singular
nominative ein neuer ein neues eine neue
accusative einen neuen ein neues eine neue
dative einem neuen einem neuen einer neuen
genitive eines neuen eines neuen einer neuen
kein (indefinite article) neuer[edit | edit source]

no new

masculine singular neuter singular feminine singular plural
nominative kein neuer kein neues keine neue keine neuen
accusative keinen neuen kein neues keine neue keine neuen
dative keinem neuen keinem neuen keiner neuen keinen neuen
genitive keines neuen keines neuen keiner neuen keiner neuen

go to “indefinite article”

Possessive pronoun + adjective[edit | edit source]

mein neuer[edit | edit source]

my new

masculine singular neuter singular feminine singular plural
nominative mein neuer mein neues meine neue meine neuen
accusative meinen neuen mein neues meine neue meine neuen
dative meinem neuen meinem neuen meiner neuen meinen neuen
genitive meines neuen meines neuen meiner neuen meiner neuen
dein neuer[edit | edit source]

your new (singular informal)

masculine singular neuter singular feminine singular plural
nominative dein neuer dein neues deine neue deine neuen
accusative dein neuen dein neues deine neue deine neuen
dative deinem neuen deinem neuen deiner neuen deinen neuen
genitive deines neuen deines neuen deiner neuen deiner neuen
sein neuer[edit | edit source]

his new

masculine singular neuter singular feminine singular plural
nominative sein neuer sein neues seine neue seine neuen
accusative seinen neuen sein neues seine neue seine neuen
dative seinem neuen seinem neuen seiner neuen seinen neuen
genitive seines neuen seines neuen seiner neuen seiner neuen
ihr neuer[edit | edit source]

her new; its new; one's new; their new

masculine singular neuter singular feminine singular plural
nominative ihr neuer ihr neues ihre neue ihre neuen
accusative ihren neuen ihr neues ihre neue ihre neuen
dative ihrem neuen ihrem neuen ihrer neuen ihren neuen
genitive ihres neuen ihres neuen ihrer neuen ihrer neuen
Ihr neuer[edit | edit source]

your new (formal)

masculine singular neuter singular feminine singular plural
nominative Ihr neuer Ihr neues Ihre neue Ihre neuen
accusative Ihren neuen Ihr neues Ihre neue Ihre neuen
dative Ihrem neuen Ihrem neuen Ihrer neuen Ihren neuen
genitive Ihres neuen Ihres neuen Ihrer neuen Ihrer neuen
unser neuer[edit | edit source]

our new

masculine singular neuter singular feminine singular plural
nominative unser neuer unser neues unsere neue

unsre neue

unsere neuen

unsre neuen

accusative unseren neuen

unsern neuen

unsren neuen

unser neues unsere neue

unsre neue

unsere neuen

unsre neuen

dative unserem neuen

unserm neuen

unsrem neuen

unserem neuen

unserm neuen

unsrem neuen

unserer neuen

unsrer neuen

unseren neuen

unsern neuen

unsren neuen

genitive unseres neuen

unsres neuen

unseres neuen

unsres neuen

unserer neuen

unsrer neuen

unserer neuen

unsrer neuen

euer neuer[edit | edit source]

your new (plural informal)

masculine singular neuter singular feminine singular plural
nominative euer neuer euer neues eure neue

euere neue

eure neuen

euere neuen

accusative eueren neuen

euren neuen

eueres neues

eures neues

eure neue

euere neue

eure neuen

euere neuen

dative euerem neuen

eurem neuen

euerem neuen

eurem neuen

euerer neuen

eurer neuen

eueren neuen

euren neuen

genitive eueres neuen

eures neuen

eueres neuen

eures neuen

euerer neuen

eurer neuen

euerer neuen

eurer neuen

go to “possessive pronoun”

Weak declension[edit | edit source]

Weak declension is used when the preceding determiner indicates the case, gender and number of the noun (e.g. demonstrative pronouns, distributive pronouns).

Comparing to the mixed declension, the suffixes of previous 5 unchanged forms of the adjective are changed to “-e”, while others are kept as “-en”.

For the determiner, it is a strong declension.

Definite article + adjective[edit | edit source]

der (definite article) neue[edit | edit source]

the new

masculine singular neuter singular feminine singular plural
nominative der neue das neue die neue die neuen
accusative den neuen das neue die neue die neuen
dative dem neuen dem neuen der neuen den neuen
genitive des neuen des neuen der neuen der neuen

go to “definite article”

No declension[edit | edit source]

Declension doesn't happen to predicative adjectives.

is new / are new

masculine singular neuter singular feminine singular plural
nominative ist neu sind neu
accusative
dative
genitive

Special adjective[edit | edit source]

wenig

viel

Deutsche Deklinationen 3.png

Article[edit | edit source]

Definite article[edit | edit source]

Declension of definite article have been described above.

Indefinite article[edit | edit source]

Declension of indefinite article have been described above.

Noun[edit | edit source]

Regular declension[edit | edit source]

For masculine singular and neuter singular (both singular), an “-s” or “-es” is added in genitive accordingly. If it ends with “-z” or “-s”, that will likely be “-es”; otherwise “-s”. Sometimes both are accepted.

For plural, an “-n” or “-en” is often added in dative accordingly. If it ends with “-z” or “-s”, that will likely be “-en”; if it ends with “-n”, then “-n” or “-en” is not to be added; otherwise “-n”.

spoon, knife, fork, glasses

masculine singular neuter singular feminine singular plural
nominative Löffel Messer Gabel Gläser
accusative Löffel Messer Gabel Gläser
dative Löffel Messer Gabel Gläsern
genitive Löffels Messers Gabel Gläser

N-declension[edit | edit source]

For weak masculine singular nouns and several neuter singular nouns, the declension is adding “-n” or “-en” accordingly at the end in accusative, dative and genitive. If it ends with “-e”, that will likely be “-n”; otherwise “-en”.

student

masculine singular plural
nominative Student Studenten
accusative Studenten Studenten
dative Studenten Studenten
genitive Studenten Studenten

Several words have an additional “regular declension” after a common N-declension in its single form.

name

masculine singular plural
nominative Name Namen
accusative Namen Namen
dative Namen Namen
genitive Namens Namen

There is a notable exception, with the accusative unchanged: Herz

heart

neuter singular plural
nominative Herz Herzen
accusative Herz Herzen
dative Herzen Herzen
genitive Herzens Herzen

Pronoun[edit | edit source]

Personal pronoun[edit | edit source]

1st-person singular 2nd-person singular informal 3rd-person singular masculine 3rd-person singular feminine 3rd-person singular neuter 1st-person plural 2nd-person plural informal 3rd-person plural 2nd-person formal
nominative ich du er sie es wir ihr sie Sie
accusative mich dich ihn sie es uns euch sie Sie
dative mir dir ihm ihr ihm uns euch ihnen Ihnen

Reflexive pronoun[edit | edit source]

1st-person singular 2nd-person singular informal 3rd-person singular masculine 3rd-person singular feminine 3rd-person singular neuter 1st-person plural 2nd-person plural informal 3rd-person plural 2nd-person formal
nominative ich du er sie es wir ihr sie Sie
accusative mich dich sich sich sich uns euch sich sich
dative mir dir sich sich sich uns euch sich sich

Reciprocal pronoun[edit | edit source]

1st-person 2nd-person 3rd-person
accusative einander
dative
genitive

Possessive pronoun[edit | edit source]

Declensions of possessive pronouns is determined by its function:

masculine singular neuter singular feminine singular plural
nominative mein mein meine meine
accusative meinen mein meine meine
dative meinem meinem meiner meinen
genitive meines meines meiner meiner
  • Possessive pronoun is not attributive and has no preceding article. Add “-er” to nominative masculine singular, add “-es” to nominative and accusative neuter singular.
masculine singular neuter singular feminine singular plural
nominative meiner meines meine meine
accusative meinen meines meine meine
dative meinem meinem meiner meinen
genitive meines meines meiner meiner
  • Possessive pronoun is not attributive and has a preceding article. Suffixes become “-e” or “-en” like the weak declension of adjectives.
masculine singular neuter singular feminine singular plural
nominative der meine das meine die meine die meinen
accusative den meinen das meine die meine die meinen
dative dem meinen dem meinen der meinen den meinen
genitive des meinen des meinen der meinen der meinen

Demonstrative pronoun[edit | edit source]

der (demonstrative pronoun)[edit | edit source]

that

masculine singular neuter singular feminine singular plural
nominative der das die die
accusative den das die die
dative dem dem der denen
genitive dessen dessen deren deren

derselbe[edit | edit source]

the same

masculine singular neuter singular feminine singular plural
nominative derselbe dasselbe dieselbe dieselben
accusative denselben dasselbe dieselbe dieselben
dative demselben demselben derselben denselben
genitive desselben desselben derselben derselben

derjenige[edit | edit source]

the one

masculine singular neuter singular feminine singular plural
nominative derjenige dasjenige diejenige diejenige
accusative denjenige dasjenige diejenige diejenige
dative demjenige demjenige derjenige denjenige
genitive desjenige desjenige derjenige derjenige

dieser[edit | edit source]

this one; that one

masculine singular neuter singular feminine singular plural
nominative dieser dieses diese diese
accusative diesen dieses diese diese
dative diesem diesem dieser diesen
genitive dieses dieses dieser dieser

jener[edit | edit source]

that one (formal)

masculine singular neuter singular feminine singular plural
nominative jener jenes jene jene
accusative jenen jenes jene jene
dative jenem jenem jener jenen
genitive jenes jenes jener jener

solcher[edit | edit source]

such a, such

masculine singular neuter singular feminine singular plural
nominative solcher solches solche solche
accusative solchen solches solche solche
dative solchem solchem solcher solchen
genitive solchen solchen solcher solcher

go to “weak declension”

Distributive pronoun[edit | edit source]

jeglicher[edit | edit source]

any; each, every

masculine singular neuter singular feminine singular
nominative jeglicher jegliches jegliche
accusative jeglichen jegliches jegliche
dative jeglichem jeglichem jeglicher
genitive jegliches jegliches jeglicher

jeder[edit | edit source]

each, every

masculine singular neuter singular feminine singular
nominative jeder jedes jede
accusative jeden jedes jede
dative jedem jedem jeder
genitive jedes jedes jeder

go to “weak declension”

Interrogative pronoun[edit | edit source]

welcher[edit | edit source]

which, what

masculine singular neuter singular feminine singular plural
nominative welcher welches welche welche
accusative welchen welches welche welche
dative welchem welchem welcher welchen
genitive welches

welchen

welches

welchen

welcher welcher

wer / was[edit | edit source]

who / what

personal impersonal
nominative wer was
accusative wen was
dative wem
genitive wessen

Indefinite pronoun[edit | edit source]

ein (indefinite pronoun)[edit | edit source]

one

masculine neuter feminine
nominative einer eines

eins

eine
accusative einen eines

eins

eine
dative einem einem einer
genitive eines eines einer

kein (indefinite pronoun)[edit | edit source]

no one

masculine neuter feminine
nominative keiner keines

keins

keine
accusative keinen keines

keins

keine
dative keinem keinem keiner
genitive keines keines keiner

man[edit | edit source]

one

singular
nominative man
accusative einen
dative einem
genitive sein

jemand[edit | edit source]

someone, somebody

singular
nominative jemand
accusative jemanden

jemand

dative jemandem

jemand

genitive jemandes

jemands

niemand[edit | edit source]

no one, nobody

singular
nominative niemand
accusative niemanden

niemand

dative niemandem

niemand

genitive niemandes

niemands

aller[edit | edit source]

all

masculine singular neuter singular feminine singular plural
nominative aller alles alle alle
accusative allen alles alle alle
dative allem allem aller allen
genitive alles

allen

alles

allen

aller aller

beide[edit | edit source]

both

plural
nominative beide
accusative beide
dative beiden
genitive beider

einige[edit | edit source]

some

masculine singular neuter singular feminine singular plural
nominative einiger einiges einige einige
accusative einigen einiges einige einige
dative einigem einigem einiger einigen
genitive einiges einiges einiger einiger

mancher[edit | edit source]

many a, many, some

masculine singular neuter singular feminine singular plural
nominative mancher manches manche manche
accusative manchen manches manche manche
dative manchem manchem mancher manchen
genitive manches

manchen

manches

manchen

mancher mancher

Relative pronoun[edit | edit source]

der (relative pronoun)[edit | edit source]

masculine singular neuter singular feminine singular plural
nominative der das die die
accusative den das die die
dative dem dem der denen
genitive dessen dessen deren deren

More information[edit | edit source]

If you are interested, you can see what declensions of its early forms the look like:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_High_German#Grammar

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_High_German_declension

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archaic_Dutch_declension

Reference[edit | edit source]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_declension

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_nouns#Declension_for_case

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_adjectives#Weak,_mixed,_and_strong_inflection

https://deutsch.lingolia.com/en/grammar

https://www.germanveryeasy.com/noun-declension

https://www.germanveryeasy.com/adjective-declension

https://www.germanveryeasy.com/pronouns

https://www.wiktionary.org/

https://www.deutschplus.net/en/pages/Reziprokpronomen

-- AUTHOR --[edit | edit source]

GrimPixel

Other Lessons[edit | edit source]

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