Editing Language/French/Grammar/Nouns

[[File:les-noms-en-francais.jpg|thumb]]
Bonjour à tous les membres de la communauté Polyglot Club,


A noun is a word representing a person, a place or a thing. In French, all nouns have a gender masculine or feminine. 



In this lesson, we will explain how to form the masculine, feminine and plural of nouns.



{| class="wikitable"
 
  ! |
Masculine
  
  ! |
Feminine  
 
 |-
  |
un ami (a friend)
  
  |
une ami'''e''' (a friend)  
 
 |-
  |
un acteur (an actor)
  
  |
une '''actrice''' (an
actress)  
 
 |-
  |
un musicien (a musician)
  
  |
une musicien'''ne''' (a
musician)  
 
 |-
  |
un boulanger (a baker)
  
  |
une boulang'''ère''' (a baker)  
 
 |-
  |
le détective (the detective)
  
  |
la détective (the detective)  
 
 |-
  |
le professeur (the professor)
  
  |
la professeur (the professor)  
 
|}

In French the masculine and feminine nouns differ. different articles and adjectives are also used.  

Countries ending in "-e" are feminine (except "le Mexique") :
- le Portugal, le Brésil...
- la France, l'Espagne, l'Argentine... 

The feminine is generally formed by adding -e to the male, and in some cases other letters or accents are added.

Sometimes, there are different nouns for male and female forms.
Some professions are used only in men :

===Examples===
==Noun singular and plural==

un livre (a book)	 des livres (books)

The plural is generally formed by adding -s to the singular.

Some nouns have special plural, according to the termination:
-eau becomes -eaux
-al becomes -aux
-s remains the same -s
-z remains the same -z

Some nouns have no singular form

===Examples===
{| class="wikitable"
 
  !|
Singular
  
 ! |
Plural  
 
 |-
  |
le château (castle) 
  
  |
les châteaux (castles)  
 
 |-
  |
le cheval (horse) 
  
  |
les chevaux (horses)  
 
 |-
  |
le bus (the bus) 
  
  |
les bus (buses)  
 
 |-
  |
le nez (nose) 
  
  |
les nez (noses)  
 
 |-
  |le chien (the dog)
  
  |Les chiens (dogs)
 
|}

=== {{#seo:
	|title=How to use the punctuation in French?
	|keywords=grammar, feminine, masculine, plural, examples
	|description=This lesson will teach you how to use nouns in French sentenses
        |og:image=https://polyglotclub.com/wiki/images/2/2f/Les-noms-en-francais.jpg
}}'''Adjectives and nouns:Table of the masculine and feminine endings:''' ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Adjectives
!Masculine + E = Feminine
!Il est étudian'''<u>t</u>'''
(He is a student)
!Elle est étudian<u>te</u>
(She is a student)
!
|-
!
!
!Il est gran<u>d</u>
(He is tall)
!Elle est gran<u>de</u>
(She is tall)
!
|-
!
!
!Le ciel est ble<u>u</u>
(The sky is blue)
!La mer est ble<u>ue</u>
(The sea is blue)
!
|}
{| class="wikitable"
!Adjectives
!-EN becomes -ENNE
!Il est itali<u>en</u>
(He is italian)
!Elle est itali<u>enne</u>
(She is italian)
|-
|
|
|Il est parisi<u>en</u>
(He is parisian)
|Elle est parisi<u>enne</u>
(She is parisian)
|-
|
|
|Il est canadi<u>en</u>
(He is canadian)
|Elle est canadi<u>enne</u>
(She is canadian)
|-
|
|
|Il est europé<u>en</u>
(He is european)
|Elle est europé<u>enne</u>
(She is european)
|}
{| class="wikitable"
!Adjectives
!-ON becomes -ONNE
!Il est b<u>on</u> en sport
(He is good at sport)
!Elle est b<u>onne</u> en sport
(He is good at sport)
|-
|
|
|
|
|-
|
|
|
|
|-
|
|
|
|
|}
{| class="wikitable"
!Adjectives
!-ER- ÈRE
!Il est boulang<u>er</u>
(He is a baker)
!Elle est boulangère
(She is a baker)
|-
|
|
|Il est bouch<u>er</u>
(He is a butcher)
|Elle est bouch<u>ère</u>
(She is a butcher)
|-
|
|
|Il est polici<u>er</u>
(He is a policeman)
|Elle est policière
(She is a police officer)
|}
{| class="wikitable"
!Adjectives
!-EUR  and -EUX become -EUSE
!Il est heur<u>eux</u>
(He is happy)
!Elle est heur<u>euse</u>
(She is happy)
|-
|
|
|Il est furi<u>eux</u>
(He is furious)
|Elle est furi<u>euse</u>
(She is furious)
|-
|
|
|Il est dans<u>eur</u> 
(He is a dancer)
|Elle est danseuse
(She is a dancer)
|}
{| class="wikitable"
!Adjectives
!-TEUR becomes -TRICE
!Il est ac<u>teur</u>
(He is an actor)
!Elle est ac<u>trice</u>
(She is an actress)
|-
|
|
|Il est institu<u>teur</u>
(He is primary school teacher)
|Elle est institut<u>rice</u>
(She is primary school teacher)
|-
|
|
|Il est traduc<u>teur</u>
(He is a translator)
|Elle est traduc<u>trice</u>
(She is a translator)
|-
|
|
|Il est directeur (He is a director)
|Elle est directrice (She is a director)
|}
{| class="wikitable"
!Irregular Adjectives
!Beau (Beautiful)
!Belle
|-
|
|Vieux (Old)
|Vieille
|-
|
|Blanc (White)
|Blanche
|-
|
|Gentil (Kind/Nice)
|Gentille
|}
{| class="wikitable"
!Adjectives and nouns which never change
!Adjectives
!Nouns
|-
|
|Jeune (Young); Calme (Quiet); Drôle (Funny); Stupide (Stupid); Bizarre/Étrange (Strange); Sage (Wise); Triste (Sad)
|Un(e) journaliste (A journalist); Un(e) peintre (A painter); Un(e) ministre (A minister); Un(e) maire (A mayor); Un(e) pompier (A fireman); Un(e) juge (A judge); Un(e) sage-femme (A midwife); Un(e) militaire (A serviceman/servicewoman); Un(e) gendarme (A gendarme = police officer [other branch of the french police and army]); Un(e) médecin (General practitioner GP); Un(e) dentiste (A dentist); Un(e) psychologue (A psychologist); Un(e) gynécologue (A gynaecologist); Un(e) scientifique (A scientist); Un(e) astronaute (An astronaut); Un(e) archéologue (An archaeologist) ................
|}

=== Nouns that end up in "oir" ===
* The mascunlin nouns finished by the sound "oir" is written "oir"
Exemple : un couloir (hallway), un rasoir (razor),...

Exception : un accessoire (accessory), un auditoire (audience), de l'ivoire (ivory), un conservatoire (conservatory), un laboratoire (laboratory), un observatoire (observatory), un réfectoire (refectory), un répertoire (repertory), un territoire (land).

* All the nouns finished by the sound "oir" is written "oire"
Exemple : une histoire, une victoire,...

=== Nouns that end up in "sion" ===
* After "a", "i", "o" and "u", we write  "tion"

Exemple : La nation (nation), une addition (addition), l'émotion (emotion), une résolution (resolution)

Exception : la discussion (debate), l'émission (show), la mission (mission), la passion (passion)

* After "e", we write "ession"
Exemple : la pression (pressure)

Exception: la discrétion (discreet)

* After a consonate, we write "sion" or "tion", you must consult the dictionary.
Exemple : la pension (board), une direction (direction)
[[Category: French/Beginner]]
[[Category: French/Grammar]]

==Videos==

===French Nouns 1 - What are nouns? - YouTube===
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ty_FHkJ4q6c</youtube>

===FRENCH GRAMMAR - DIRECT OBJECT PRONOUNS - YouTube===
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uC5FppkamJQ</youtube>

===French Gender and Plural of Nouns - Lesson 1 - YouTube===
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pnLcXDMqwSk</youtube>

==Related Lessons==
* [[Language/French/Grammar/Conditional-Mood-and-Future-Tense|Conditional Mood and Future Tense]]
* [[Language/French/Grammar/Agreement-of-the-past-participle-having-the-auxiliary-"être"-in-compound-tenses|Agreement of the past participle having the auxiliary "être" in compound tenses]]
* [[Language/French/Grammar/Verbs-with-personal-subject-used-impersonally|Verbs with personal subject used impersonally]]
* [[Language/French/Grammar/Stressed-pronouns-used-as-the-object-of-a-preposition|Stressed pronouns used as the object of a preposition]]
* [[Language/French/Grammar/Adverbs|Adverbs]]
* [[Language/French/Grammar/Masculine-and-feminine-forms-of-adjectives-—-A-change-in-the-final-consonant-or-syllable|Masculine and feminine forms of adjectives — A change in the final consonant or syllable]]
* [[Language/French/Grammar/Omission-of-the-article-in-lists|Omission of the article in lists]]
* [[Language/French/Grammar/Stressed-pronouns|Stressed pronouns]]
* [[Language/French/Grammar/Forms-of-créer,-nier,-scier,-rire,-etc|Forms of créer, nier, scier, rire, etc]]
* [[Language/French/Grammar/Summary-table-of-subject-pronouns|Summary table of subject pronouns]]